Demographics of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Appearance
TheKingdom of Yugoslaviaexisted betweenits creationin 1918 untilits occupation and partition by Axis powersin World War II. The first census in 1921 enumerated 11,984,911, while the second and last census in 1931 enumerated 13,934,038 people. While both censuses grouped ethnic groups according to theirmother tongue,the latter did not record separate constituent nationalities and reported all "Serbo-Croato-Slovene"speakers as"Yugoslavs".
Ethnic groups
[edit]Ethnic group | Number | Percent |
---|---|---|
Serbs(includingMontenegrinsand someMacedonians) | 4,665,851 | 38.8% |
Croats | 2,856,551 | 23.8% |
Slovenes | 1,024,761 | 8.5% |
South Slavic Muslims | 727,650 | 6.1% |
Bulgarians[1](including someMacedonians[2]) | 585,558 | 4.9% |
OtherSlavs | 174,466 | 1.5% |
Germans | 513,472 | 4.3% |
Hungarians | 472,409 | 3.9% |
Albanians | 441,740 | 3.7% |
Romaniansand Cincari[3](AromaniansandMegleno-Romanians) | 229,398 | 1.9% |
Turks | 168,404 | 1.4% |
Jews | 64,159 | 0.5% |
Italians | 12,825 | 0.1% |
Others | 80,079 | 0.7% |
Total | 12,017,323 | 100% |
1Source:Banac, Ivo(1992).The National Question in Yugoslavia. Origins, History, Politics(2nd printing ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. p. 58.ISBN9780801494932. (The table represents a reconstruction of Yugoslavia's ethnic structure immediately after the establishment of the kingdom in 1918.) |
Vital statistics (1919–1940)
[edit]Average population[4] | Live births[4] | Deaths[4] | Natural change[4] | Crude birth rate (per 1,000)[4] | Crude death rate (per 1,000)[4] | Natural change (per 1,000)[4] | Total fertility rate[4] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1919 | 11,706,957 | 347,748 | 258,638 | 89,110 | 29.7 | 22.1 | 7.6 | 4.83 |
1920 | 11,881,764 | 422,267 | 250,090 | 172,177 | 35.5 | 21.0 | 14.5 | 4.79 |
1921 | 12,059,178 | 442,530 | 252,104 | 190,426 | 36.7 | 20.9 | 15.8 | 4.75 |
1922 | 12,239,245 | 420,910 | 254,478 | 166,432 | 34.4 | 20.8 | 13.6 | 4.70 |
1923 | 12,421,997 | 432,779 | 252,543 | 180,236 | 34.8 | 20.3 | 14.5 | 4.66 |
1924 | 12,607,480 | 442,835 | 254,527 | 188,308 | 35.1 | 20.2 | 14.9 | 4.62 |
1925 | 12,795,732 | 437,070 | 239,429 | 197,641 | 34.2 | 18.7 | 15.4 | 4.57 |
1926 | 12,986,796 | 459,035 | 244,761 | 214,274 | 35.3 | 18.8 | 16.5 | 4.53 |
1927 | 13,180,709 | 451,617 | 276,294 | 175,323 | 34.3 | 21.0 | 13.3 | 4.49 |
1928 | 13,377,523 | 437,523 | 272,606 | 164,917 | 32.7 | 20.4 | 12.3 | 4.44 |
1929[5] | 13,577,272 | 452,544 | 286,249 | 166,295 | 33.3 | 21.1 | 12.2 | 4.40 |
1930 | 13,780,006 | 489,270 | 261,497 | 227,773 | 35.5 | 19.0 | 16.5 | 4.36 |
1931 | 13,982,000 | 470,275 | 276,840 | 193,435 | 33.6 | 19.8 | 13.8 | 4.31 |
1932 | 14,174,000 | 465,935 | 272,180 | 193,755 | 32.9 | 19.2 | 13.7 | 4.27 |
1933 | 14,369,000 | 452,229 | 243,717 | 208,512 | 31.5 | 17.0 | 14.5 | 4.22 |
1934 | 14,566,000 | 460,913 | 248,882 | 212,031 | 31.6 | 17.1 | 14.6 | 4.18 |
1935 | 14,767,000 | 441,728 | 248,978 | 192,750 | 29.9 | 16.9 | 13.1 | 4.14 |
1936 | 14,970,000 | 435,861 | 240,879 | 194,982 | 29.1 | 16.1 | 13.0 | 4.09 |
1937[6] | 15,172,000 | 424,448 | 242,337 | 182,111 | 28.0 | 16.0 | 12.0 | 4.05 |
1938[7] | 15,384,000 | 411,381 | 240,303 | 171,078 | 26.7 | 15.6 | 11.1 | 4.01 |
1939[8] | 15,596,000 | 403,938 | 233,196 | 170,742 | 25.9 | 15.0 | 10.9 | 3.96 |
1940 | 15,811,000 |
Marriages and divorces (1919–1940)
[edit]Average population | Marriages | Divorces | Crude marriage rate (per 1000) | Crude divorce rate (per 1000) | Divorces per 1000 marriages | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1919 | 11,706,957 | 225,605 | 19.3 | |||
1920 | 11,881,764 | 185,954 | 5,687 | 15.7 | 0.5 | 30.6 |
1921 | 12,059,178 | 157,055 | 6,720 | 13.0 | 0.6 | 42.8 |
1922 | 12,239,245 | 131,776 | 6,548 | 10.8 | 0.5 | 49.7 |
1923 | 12,421,997 | 129,796 | 6,492 | 10.4 | 0.5 | 50.0 |
1924 | 12,607,480 | 114,896 | 5,508 | 9.1 | 0.4 | 47.9 |
1925 | 12,795,732 | 123,005 | 5,481 | 9.6 | 0.4 | 44.6 |
1926 | 12,986,796 | 124,249 | 4,940 | 9.6 | 0.4 | 39.8 |
1927 | 13,180,709 | 124,104 | 5,254 | 9.4 | 0.4 | 42.3 |
1928 | 13,377,523 | 121,334 | 5,580 | 9.1 | 0.4 | 46.0 |
1929 | 13,577,272 | 128,120 | 6,070 | 9.4 | 0.4 | 47.4 |
1930 | 13,780,006 | 138,322 | 5,826 | 10.0 | 0.4 | 42.1 |
1931 | 13,982,000 | 126,072 | 6,393 | 9.0 | 0.5 | 50.7 |
1932 | 14,174,000 | 111,059 | 5,231 | 7.8 | 0.4 | 47.1 |
1933 | 14,369,000 | 111,503 | 5,500 | 7.8 | 0.4 | 49.3 |
1934 | 14,566,000 | 99,704 | 5,520 | 6.8 | 0.4 | 55.4 |
1935 | 14,767,000 | 110,129 | 5,561 | 7.5 | 0.4 | 50.5 |
1936 | 14,970,000 | 109,528 | 5,022 | 7.3 | 0.3 | 45.9 |
1937 | 15,172,000 | 117,717 | 6,547 | 7.8 | 0.4 | 55.6 |
1938 | 15,384,000 | 121,605 | 6,466 | 7.9 | 0.4 | 53.2 |
1939 | 15,596,000 | 123,817 | 7,103 | 7.9 | 0.5 | 57.4 |
1940 | 15,811,000 |
Languages
[edit]The following data, grouped byfirst language,is from the 1921 population census:
- Serbo-Croatian:8,911,509 (74.4%)
- Serbs,Macedonian SlavsandMontenegrins:44.6%
- Croats:23.5%
- Muslimsof Yugoslavia: 6.3%
- Slovene:1,019,997 (8.5%)
- German:505,790 (4.2%)
- Hungarian:467,658 (3.9%)
- Albanian:439,657 (3.7%)
- Romanian:231,068 (1.9%)
- Turkish:150,322 (1.3%)
- CzechandSlovak:115,532 (1.0%)
- Ruthenian:25,615 (0.2%)
- Russian:20,568 (0.2%)
- Polish:14,764 (0.1%)
- Italian:12,553 (0.1%)
- Others:69,878 (0.6%)[9][10]
Based on language, theYugoslavs(collectively Serbs, Croats, Slovenes and other South-Slavic groups in the kingdom) constituted 82.9% of the country's population.
Religious groups
[edit]- Christian:10,571,569 (88.2%)
- Eastern Orthodox:5,593,057 (46.7%)
- Roman Catholic:4,708,657 (39.3%)
- Protestant:229,517 (1.9%)
- Greek Catholic:40,338 (0.3%)
- Sunni Muslim:1,345,271 (11.2%)
- Jewish:64,746 (0.5%)
- others: 1,944 (nil%)
- atheists:1,381 (nil%)[9]
Class and occupation
[edit]- Agriculture,forestryand fishing – 78.9%
- Industry andhandicrafts– 9.9%
- Banking, trade andtraffic– 4.4%
- Public service,free profession and military – 3.8%
- Other professions – 3.1%[11]
References
[edit]- ^abBanac, Ivo.The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics.Archived2 August 2020 at theWayback MachineCornell University Press, 1988. pp. 49–53, 58.ISBN978-0801494932
- ^Per Banac himself, the Macedonians were "Bulgarians in the common struggle against Serbian and Greek hegemonism, but within the Bulgarian national project, they were increasingly becoming separate regional community."The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics.Cornell University Press, 1988. p. 327.ISBN978-0801494932
- ^RÉSULTATS DÉFINITIFS DU RECENSEMENT DE LA POPULATION DU 31 JANVIER 1921(in Serbo-Croatian and French). Sarajevo: Opšta državna statistika. 1932. p. 3.
- ^abcdefgh"2-1. Kretanje stanovništva 1921–1990 - Jugoslavija".Demografska statistika 1990(PDF).Belgrade: Savezni zavod za statistiku. 1992.ISSN0084-4357.Retrieved27 January2023.
- ^"Statistical Yearbook of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia,1929"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on 2 August 2020.Retrieved8 May2020.
- ^"Statistical Yearbook of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia,1937"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on 2 August 2020.Retrieved8 May2020.
- ^"Statistical Yearbook of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia,1938-1939"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on 2 August 2020.Retrieved8 May2020.
- ^"Statistical Yearbook of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia,1940"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on 2 August 2020.Retrieved8 May2020.
- ^abGroup of Authors (1997).Istorijski atlas(1st ed.). Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva & Geokarta, Belgrade. p. 91.ISBN8617055944.
- ^""Краљевина Југославија дефинитивни резултати пописа становништва од 21 јануара 1921 год.", Сарајево, Државна Штампарија, 1932 ".p. 3.Archivedfrom the original on 3 November 2013.Retrieved1 November2013.
- ^Group of Authors (1997).Istorijski atlas(1st ed.). Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva & Geokarta, Belgrade. p. 86.ISBN8617055944.