Zimmer's woodcreeper
| Zimmer's woodcreeper | |
|---|---|
| |
| atIranduba,Amazonas state,Brazil | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Furnariidae |
| Genus: | Dendroplex |
| Species: | D. kienerii
|
| Binomial name | |
| Dendroplex kienerii (des Murs,1856)
| |
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Xiphorhynchus kienerii | |
Zimmer's woodcreeper(Dendroplex kienerii) is aNear Threatened speciesofbirdin the subfamilyDendrocolaptinaeof the ovenbirdfamilyFurnariidae.[2][1]It is found in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru.[3]
Taxonomy and systematics
[edit]Zimmer's woodcreeper was originally described asDendrornis kienerii.In 1934Zimmerdescribed what he believed was a new species, naming itXiphorhynchus necopinus.By 2002 it was realized that the species was actually the earlier-describedD. kienerii,so by theprinciple of priority,thespecific epithetreverted tokienerii.In the 1950s genusDendroplexhad been merged into genusXyphorhynchusbut in the early 2000s it was resurrected for this species and thestraight-billed woodcreeper(D. picus).[2][4][5]
Zimmer's woodcreeper ismonotypic.[2]
Description
[edit]Zimmer's woodcreeper is 21 to 24 cm (8.3 to 9.4 in) long and weighs 40 to 50 g (1.4 to 1.8 oz). It is a slim, medium-sized woodcreeper with a short bill whoseculmencurves gently down to a sharp tip. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have whitishloresandsuperciliumon a blackish and white streaked face. Their crown is grayish brown with light buffy spots and blackish tips on the feathers. Their nape is lighter and browner with fuzzy streaks. Their back and wingcovertsare dark brown to reddish brown with narrow streaks only on the upper back. Their rump is light rufous-chestnut. Their flight feathers and tail are darker rufous-chestnut, and their flight feathers have dusky blackish tips. Their throat is whitish with a trace of buffy and thin dusky streaking on the sides. Their breast is cinnamon-brown with buff triangular streaks that have blackish edges; the streaks disappear by the morerufescentbelly. Their undertail coverts are rufescent with wide buffy streaks, and their underwing coverts are lightochraceous-buff. Their iris is light brown to dark brownish gray and is surrounded by a mustard-yellow eyering. Their bill is grayish horn to whitish with a dusky base to themaxilla.Their legs and feet are bluish gray to dull brownish slate. Juveniles are similar to adults but duller overall, with less distinct spots and streaks and a blackish bill.[5][6]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Zimmer's woodcreeper is found along the Amazon River from extreme southeastern Colombia and northeastern Peru into Brazil to near the mouth of the RioTapajós,and also along major Amazon tributaries to the north and as far south asRondônia.It almost exclusively inhabits seasonally floodedvárzeaandigapóforest along the rivers; it also inhabits river islands. It favors the interior of the forest but also occurs at its edges and in maturesecondary forest.In elevation it generally reaches only about as high as 200 m (700 ft) but occurs up to 400 m (1,300 ft) in Colombia.[5][6][7]
Behavior
[edit]Movement
[edit]Zimmer's woodcreeper is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.[5]
Feeding
[edit]Details of the diet of Zimmer's woodcreeper are not known; it is assumed to be mostlyarthropods.It usually forages singly and often joinsmixed-species feeding flockson islands. It creeps up trunks and branches between the forest's mid-level and subcanopy and sometimes into the canopy. It probably captures most of its prey by gleaning from bark surfaces or crevices; it has been observed pecking rotting wood and the tunnels of arboreal termites.[5]
Breeding
[edit]The breeding season of Zimmer's woodcreeper includes April but essentially nothing else is known about its breeding biology.[5]
Vocalization
[edit]Zimmer's woodcreeper sings on and off throughout the day. Its song is "a rapid series of high-frequency notes described as 'tr’r’r’r’r’r’r’r’r’r’r'"[5]and also as a "very high, fast, almost level series of 'i' notes"[6].
Status
[edit]TheIUCNoriginally assessed Zimmer's woodcreeper as being of Least Concern but since 2012 has rated it as Near Threatened. It has a somewhat limited range and its unknown population size is believed to be decreasing. "The primary threat to this species is accelerating deforestation in the Amazon basin."[1]It is considered fairly common to common in the central part of its range and less common at the upriver reaches where the flooded areas are narrower. "Because island forest is necessarily successional, this species is probably less susceptible to human disturbance than are many woodcreepers, provided that relatively tall forest is available."[5]
References
[edit]- ^abcBirdLife International (2017)."Zimmer's WoodcreeperDendroplex kienerii".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2017:e.T22703103A110909588.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22703103A110909588.en.Retrieved4 July2023.
- ^abcGill, Frank;Donsker, David;Rasmussen, Pamela,eds. (January 2023)."Ovenbirds, woodcreepers".IOC World Bird List.v 13.1.Retrieved27 April2023.
- ^Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 May 2023. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories.https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htmretrieved May 31, 2023
- ^Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 May 2023. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society.https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htmretrieved May 31, 2023
- ^abcdefghMarantz, C. A., A. Aleixo, L. R. Bevier, and M. A. Patten (2020). Zimmer's Woodcreeper (Dendroplex kienerii), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.zimwoo2.01retrieved July 4, 2023
- ^abcvan Perlo, Ber (2009).A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil.New York: Oxford University Press. p. 204.ISBN978-0-19-530155-7.
- ^McMullan, Miles; Donegan, Thomas M.; Quevedo, Alonso (2010).Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia.Bogotá: Fundación ProAves. p. 125.ISBN978-0-9827615-0-2.