Antsiranana
Antsiranana | |
|---|---|
 Antsiranana | |
 Coat of arms | |
| Nickname: Diego Suarez | |
  Antsiranana Location of Antsiranana in Madagascar | |
| Coordinates:12°18′S49°17′E/ 12.300°S 49.283°E | |
| Country |  Madagascar |
| Region | Diana Region |
| Area | |
| • Total | 71.9 km2(27.8 sq mi) |
| Population (2018 census) | |
| • Total | 129,320 |
| • Density | 1,800/km2(4,700/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 201 |
| Climate | Aw |
Antsiranana(Malagasy:AntsirananaMalagasy pronunciation:[antsʲˈraŋanə̥]), namedDiego-Suarezprior to 1975, is a city in the far north ofMadagascar.Antsiranana is the capital ofDiana Region.It had an estimated population of 115,015 in 2013.[1]
History
[edit]At the beginning of the 16th century, a Portuguese squadron of 13 ships crisscrossed the Indian Ocean; One of these ships went adrift, and its captain, Diego Diaz, was therefore the first European to discover the Big Island on August 10, 1500. In February 1506, Admiral Herman Suarez recognized the place and so Antomabokala, former capital of Ankarana, acquired its name of Diego Suarez, which comes from the contraction of the first name of the captain and the name of the Admiral. In 1635, the bay was mentioned for the first time under this name by the French pilot Berthelot, author of an oriental map of Africa and Madagascar. In 1824, the bay was explored by the English hydrographer Owen, then in 1833, Captain Bigeault, commandant of La Nièvre, traveled the North East coast to carry out hydrographic surveys.
In the 1880s, the bay was coveted byFrance,which desired it as acoaling stationforsteamships.Afterthe first Franco-Hova War,QueenRanavalona IIIsigned a treaty on December 17, 1885, granting France a protectorate over the bay and surrounding territory, as well as the islands ofNosy-BeandSte. Marie de Madagascar.
The French took possession of their new colony and the Bay of Diego Suarez (also calledBay of Antombokoat that time). It was then calledEtablissement français de Diego-Suarez(French Establishment of Diego-Suarez) and was placed under the command ofFrigate captainCaillet who is the founder of the city of Diego Suarez.
The first barracks were built at Cap Diego. The first habitants of the new colony wereCreolesfromRéunion&Mauritius,as well as from the French possession ofToamasina,Nosy Be,Ile Sainte-Marie,MayotteandMahajanga.
Run away slaves (Makoas),AntankaranaandSakalavamade up another big part of the population. In 1886 the colony had a population of 2500 habitants.
In 1887 a civil governor, Froger, replaced Caillet. In 1888 the islands ofNosy BeandIle Sainte-Mariewere attached to the colony.[2]
In 1900 theDecauville railway at Diégo Suarezwas built.[3] The Second Pacific Squadron ofImperial Russiaanchored and was resupplied at Diego-Suarez on its way to theBattle of Tsushimain 1905.
On 21 March 1909 were laid down the first bricks of the cathedrale. In 1919 there was an epidemics of theSpanish flufollowed by an outbreak of theplaguein 1920.[4]Still, in 1925 the Province de Diego-Suarez had 13695 habitants.
In 1942, Diego-Suarez was the primary objective ofOperation Ironclad,the starting point of the Allied invasion and capture ofMadagascar.The Allies were concerned thatJapanwould pressureVichy Franceinto granting use of Madagascar, as they had withFrench Indo-Chinaduring the previous year, and determined that the island should not be made a base for the interception of Allied shipping. Diego-Suarez, with its superb harbour and a concentration of government officials, was selected as the initial invasion point. The Japanese responded with an attack by midget submarines on the British naval forces in the harbour, damaging thebattleshipHMSRamilliesand sinking the oil tankerBritish Loyalty.[5]
France continued to operate a military base in the city following Malagasy independence in 1960. Between 1973 and 1975, French forces were withdrawn.
Postage stamps
[edit]Education
[edit]
TheUniversity of Antsirananawas founded in 1976.
Lycée Français Diego Suarez,or Lycée Français Sadi-Carnot, is a French international school in Antsiranana. Historically it was the Collège français Sadi Carnot.[6][7]
Transport
[edit]
Antsiranana is situated onAntsiranana Bay,one of the largest deep-water harbours in theIndian Ocean,but the remote location, and, until recently, a bad road to the south, rendered it unimportant for freight traffic.Arrachart Airportprovides communication primarily with other parts of Madagascar.
Geography
[edit]Climate
[edit]Antsiranana has atropical savannah climate(Aw) with long, hot summer-like weather that lasts year round cut into two seasons; a wet season which lasts from December to March and a dry season which lasts the rest of the year with rainfall being uncommon but not impossible.
| Climate data for Antsiranana (1991–2020, extremes 1941–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 36.6 (97.9) |
34.6 (94.3) |
34.8 (94.6) |
35.0 (95.0) |
33.6 (92.5) |
33.0 (91.4) |
33.0 (91.4) |
33.0 (91.4) |
33.5 (92.3) |
37.0 (98.6) |
38.0 (100.4) |
39.0 (102.2) |
39.0 (102.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.1 (88.0) |
30.7 (87.3) |
31.1 (88.0) |
31.6 (88.9) |
31.0 (87.8) |
29.7 (85.5) |
29.2 (84.6) |
29.4 (84.9) |
30.1 (86.2) |
31.1 (88.0) |
32.1 (89.8) |
32.1 (89.8) |
30.8 (87.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 27.1 (80.8) |
26.8 (80.2) |
27.1 (80.8) |
27.1 (80.8) |
26.4 (79.5) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.6 (76.3) |
25.2 (77.4) |
26.2 (79.2) |
27.3 (81.1) |
27.6 (81.7) |
26.2 (79.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 23.0 (73.4) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.7 (72.9) |
21.8 (71.2) |
20.3 (68.5) |
19.6 (67.3) |
19.7 (67.5) |
20.2 (68.4) |
21.3 (70.3) |
22.5 (72.5) |
23.1 (73.6) |
21.7 (71.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 17.0 (62.6) |
16.6 (61.9) |
14.0 (57.2) |
17.8 (64.0) |
16.2 (61.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
13.8 (56.8) |
13.0 (55.4) |
14.7 (58.5) |
16.3 (61.3) |
18.2 (64.8) |
18.7 (65.7) |
13.0 (55.4) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 241.7 (9.52) |
242.7 (9.56) |
162.1 (6.38) |
53.0 (2.09) |
15.7 (0.62) |
13.4 (0.53) |
13.9 (0.55) |
12.4 (0.49) |
7.6 (0.30) |
16.2 (0.64) |
30.5 (1.20) |
133.1 (5.24) |
942.3 (37.12) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 15.4 | 14.6 | 11.4 | 5.2 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 9.2 | 74.9 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 79 | 92 | 81 | 76 | 70 | 68 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 65 | 71 | 76 | 72 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 189.2 | 170.0 | 214.9 | 256.4 | 284.8 | 256.5 | 273.1 | 283.6 | 293.3 | 306.8 | 281.5 | 228.9 | 3,039 |
| Source 1: NOAA[8][9] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2:Deutscher Wetterdienst(humidity, 1951–1967),[10]Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[11] | |||||||||||||
Places of worship
[edit]
Among theplaces of worship,they are predominantlyChristianchurches and temples:
- FJKM - Fiangonan'i Jesoa Kristy eto Madagasikara (Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar)
- FLM - Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy (Malagasy Lutheran Church)
- Assemblies of God
- Fiangonara Batista Biblika(Baptiste church)
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Antsiranana(Catholic Churchseated in the Cathedral of St. Matthew).[12]
- Church of the Province of the Indian Ocean(Anglican Church)
There are alsoMuslimmosques.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Institut National de la Statistique, Antananarivo.
- ^Une nouvelle Colonie française est née dans le Nord
- ^La Tribune de Diego: Histoire: A toute vapeur dans la campagne: les locos de Diego Suarez
- ^History of Diego Suarez
- ^Wilson, Michael; (2000), A Submariners War; Stroud, Tempus.ISBN0-7524-3276-1
- ^"Accueil."Lycée Français Diego Suarez.Retrieved on 7 May 2015.
- ^"Lycée français Sadi-Carnot."AEFE.Retrieved on May 7, 2015.
- ^"Diego–Suarez/Antsir (Antsiranana) Climate Normals 1961–1990".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedOctober 19,2015.
- ^"Antsiranana Climate Normals 1991–2020".World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020).National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived fromthe originalon 23 September 2023.Retrieved23 September2023.
- ^ "Klimatafel von Antsiranana (Diégo-Suarez) / Madagaskar"(PDF).Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world(in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst.Retrieved10 June2016.
- ^ "Station Antsiranana"(in French). Meteo Climat.Retrieved10 June2016.
- ^J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ‘‘Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices’’, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 1768
External links
[edit]
- "Atlantis Loved Kilimanjaro(portcityskies.tawa.asia) ".Archived fromthe originalon 2010-12-31.Retrieved2010-12-28.
- Diego Suárez review (madacamp.com)
| Ambanja(24) - 203 |
|  |
|---|---|---|
| Ambilobe(15) - 204 | ||
| Antsiranana (Diego Suarez)(1) - 201 | ||
| Antsiranana II(22) - 202 | ||
| Nosy Be(5) - 207 | ||
5 districts; 51 communes | ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
