Domingo Ugartechea

Domingo de Ugartechea(c. 1794 – 24 May 1839) was a 19th-centuryMexicanArmyofficer for the Republic of Mexico.

Biography

Early years

Domingo Ugartechea officer for the Centralist Republic of Mexico

Domingo de Ugartecheaserved forJosé Joaquín de Arredondoin 1813. Ugartechea as well asAntonio López de Santa Annawere cadets during the suppression of theGutiérrez–Magee Expedition,and at theBattle of Medina.

In June 1832, Ugartechea commanded 125 men at the fort atVelasco, Texas;he attempted to employ his artillery to prevent rebelling Texas colonists under John Austin from taking cannon from Brazoria to Anahuac at the time of the Anahuac disturbances. Although defeated by the Texans in the eleven-hourBattle of Velasco,Ugartechea was permitted to evacuatethe fort.

In 1835 Ugartechea was military commandant ofCoahuila and Texasin command of the forces atPresidio San Antonio de Béxar,all the while struggling with deficiencies in funding, supplies, and manpower. Although 200 men appeared on his rolls, only half that number were in active service. His observations from this position in the spring of that year contributed to the hardening of attitudes in Mexico concerning Anglo-American abuse of land policies and of native Tejanos in the departments of Nacogdoches and Bexar. He also considered the Texans to be disrespectful toward the government and its leaders, writing in one letter:"Nothing is heard but God damnSt. Anna.God damn Ugartechea. "

In mid-May 1835 Ugartechea worked through the political authorities to avoid armed conflict with the militiamen underJuan N. Seguín,who departed from the town of Bexar towardMonclova, Coahuila,to aid federalist GovernorAgustín Viesca.Only last-minute concessions from political chiefJosé Ángel Navarroprevented a clash between the militia and Ugartechea's soldiers. Subsequently, Ugartechea received and passed on to Mexico many reports that the spirit of conciliation was growing in the summer of 1835 and that the greatest threat to a consensus favoring peace would be to bring more troops from Mexico to Texas. However, at the end of July Ugartechea expressed his opinion to his superior,Martín Perfecto de Cos,that reinforcements were still quite necessary. In this way Ugartechea both reflected and furthered the hardening of attitudes that brought about war.

In dealing with the people of Texas, Ugartechea continued to issue reassurances about the potential for peace if his arrest orders were carried out. Those whom he ordered the Texas authorities to detain and hold included representatives to theCoahuilalegislature, leaders of the Anahuac expedition or rebellion of June 1835, and other opponents of centralism such asLorenzo de Zavala.During the course of the summer the units under his command grew to nearly 500 men, including about 200 cavalry on active duty. In September, reports circulated that Ugartechea intended to execute these arrests himself. Indeed, it was under his orders that Lt.Francisco de Castañedawent toGonzales, Texas,to secure a cannon from the hands of the Texans, leading to thebattleon October 2 that initiated hostilities in theTexas Revolution.Ugartechea then urged peace but warned the Texans to surrender their arms or face a renewed advance from San Antonio.

Siege of San Antonio

During thesiege of Béxar,Stephen F. Austinconducted the Texan forces from the outskirts of the town, while Ugartechea at first remained with the Mexican forces in town. A unit of his cavalry engaged in reconnoitering aroundCibolo Creekin mid-October. He then led a body of 275 infantry with two cannons from the town on the morning of October 28, precipitating theBattle of Concepción.Colonel Ugartechea commanded a unit of cavalry that slipped through the siege forces on November 12 and made its way in about ten days to theRio Grande (Río Bravo)to seek reinforcements. On November 26 he guided a force of 454 conscripts and 173 veteran troops from Laredo to relieve the centralist army under Cos at Bexar. Their arrival on December 8, actually increased the burden of supply on the centralist army and helped to precipitate its surrender on December 9, to the Texans.

Texas Revolution

Ugartechea returned to Laredo with Cos's forces. He came back to Texas with the Mexican army in 1836. In late March Ugartechea received command of the inexperienced troops left in reserve at Copano, Victoria, and Goliad, making his headquarters in the latter place, and having responsibility for reconstructing shelter for the garrison and activating fortifications. Following the Mexican retreat after theBattle of San Jacinto,Ugartechea went toMatamoros, Tamaulipas,where he reportedly helped initiate the policy of persuadingNative Americansto make war against the people of Texas. He continued to support the centralist cause, helping defeat a federalist uprising atSaltillo, Coahuila,from his post inMonterrey, Nuevo León,in February 1839. He was killed in defense of Saltillo on May 24, 1839.

References

• Domingo de Ugartecheafrom theHandbook of TexasOnline.Accessed June 1, 2005.

Further reading

• Hubert Howe Bancroft;History of the North Mexican States and Texas (2 vols., San Francisco: History Company, 1886, 1889).
• Paul D. Lack,The Texas Revolutionary Experience: A Political and Social History(College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1992).
• Jeff Long,Duel of Eagles: The Mexican and U.S. Fight for the Alamo(New York: Morrow, 1990).