Jump to content

Donald E. Ingber

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Donald E. Ingber
Ingber in 2010
Born1956(1956)
East Meadow, New York
Academic background
EducationYale CollegeandYale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Academic work
InstitutionsRoyal Marsden Hospital
Harvard University
Notable studentsSamira Musah
Javier G. Fernandez

Donald E. Ingber(born 1956)[citation needed]is an Americancell biologistandbioengineer.He is the founding director of theWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringatHarvard University,[1]theJudah Folkman Professor of Vascular BiologyatHarvard Medical SchoolandBoston Children's Hospital,and Professor of Bioengineering at theHarvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.[2]He is also a member of theAmerican Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering,theNational Academy of Engineering,theNational Academy of Medicine,theNational Academy of Inventors,and theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Ingber is a founder of the emerging fields ofbiologically inspired engineering.He has made pioneering contributions to numerous other disciplines includingmechanobiology,cytoskeletal biology,extracellular matrix biology,integrin signaling,tumor angiogenesis,tissue engineering,nanobiotechnology,systems biology,andtranslational medicine.Ingber has authored more than 470 publications in scientific journals and books, and is an inventor on more than 190 patents spanning anti-cancer therapeutics, tissue engineering,medical devices,drug delivery systems,biomimetic materials,nanotherapeutics,andbioinformatics software.

Ingber has been scientific founder of five companies: Neomorphics, Inc.,[3]a tissue engineering startup which led to clinical products through subsequent acquisitions (Advanced Tissue Sciences Inc.); Tensegra, Inc. (formerly known as Molecular Geodesics, Inc.,)[4]which 3D-printed medical devices; and most recently,Emulate, Inc.,[5]which formed to commercialize human "organs-on-chips" that accelerate drug development, detect toxicities and advance personalized medicine byreplacing animal testing;Boa Biomedical, Inc. (originally known as Opsonix, Inc.),[6]which aims to reduce deaths due to sepsis and blood infections by removing pathogens from the blood; and FreeFlow Medical Devices, LLC, which develops special coatings for medical devices to eliminate the formation of blood clots and biofilms on materials.

Education and academic research

[edit]

Ingber grew up inEast Meadow, New York.[7]He received a combined B.A./M.A. in molecular biophysics and biochemistry fromYale CollegeandYale Graduate School of Arts and Sciencesin 1977; an M.Phil. in cell biology from Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in 1981; and a combined M.D./Ph.D. fromYale School of Medicineand Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in 1984.[citation needed]At Yale, he carried out undergraduate research onDNA repairwith Paul Howard-Flanders,[8]and on cancer metastasis with Alan Sartorelli.

Ingber worked on development of cancer therapeutics[citation needed]with Kenneth Harrap at the Royal Cancer Hospital/Royal Marsden Hospitalin England, with support from a Bates Traveling Fellowship. He carried out his Ph.D. dissertation research under the direction of Dr. James Jamieson in the department of cell biology,[9]and his advisory committee included George Palade, Elizabeth Hay and Joseph Madri. From 1984 to 1986 he completed his training as an Anna Fuller Postdoctoral Fellow[10]under the mentorship of Dr. Judah Folkman in the Surgical Research Laboratory at Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School.[11][12]

Scientific career

[edit]

Appointments

[edit]

Significant contributions

[edit]
Ingber presenting at PopTech 2010

Ingber is best known for his discovery of the role mechanical forces play in developmental control and in cancer formation, and for his application of these principles to develop bioinspired medical devices, nanotechnologies, and therapeutics. Ingber's early scientific work led to the discovery thattensegrityarchitecture[16]- first described by the architectBuckminster Fullerand the sculptorKenneth Snelson- is a fundamental design principle that governs how living systems are structured, from individualmoleculesandcellsto wholetissues,organsandorganisms.[17]

Ingber's work ontensegrityled him to propose that mechanical forces play as important a role in biological control as chemicals and genes do,[18]and to investigate the molecular mechanism by which cells convert mechanical signals into changes in intracellular biochemistry and gene expression, a process known as "mechanotransduction."[19]Ingber determined that living cells use tensegrity architecture to stabilize their shape and cytoskeleton, that cellular integrins function as mechanosensors on the cell surface, and that cytoskeletal tension (or "prestress," which is central to the stability of tensegrity structures) is a fundamental regulator of many cellular responses to mechanical cues.[20]Ingber's tensegrity theory also led to the prediction in the early 1980s that changes in extracellular matrix structure and mechanics play a fundamental role in tissue and organ development, and that deregulation of this form of developmental control can promote cancer formation.[21]

Ingber's contributions in translational medicine include discovery of one of the first angiogenesis inhibitor compounds (TNP-470)[22]to enter clinical trials for cancer, creation of tissue engineering scaffolds that led to clinical products, development of a dialysis-like blood cleansing device for treatment of blood stream infections that is moving towards clinical testing,[23][24]creation of a mechanically-activated nanotechnology for targeting clot-busting drugs to sites of vascular occlusion,[25]and co-development of a new surface coating based onSlippery Liquid Infused Porous Surfaces(SLIPS) for medical devices and implants that could eliminate the conventional dependency on anticoagulant drugs that pose life-threatening side-effect risks.[26]

One of his more recent innovations is the creation of tiny, complex, three-dimensional models of living human organs, known as "organs-on-chips"(Organ Chips), which mimic complicated human organ functionsin vitroas a way to potentially replace traditional animal-based methods for testing of drugs and toxins.[27]The first human Organ Chip, a human Lung Chip, was reported in Science in 2010.[28]Created using microchip manufacturing methods[citation needed],the Lung Chip is a complex three-dimensional model of a breathing lung that incorporates living human lung alveolar epithelial cells interfaced with endothelial cells within microfluidic channels cast in silicone rubber, which recapitulate structure and function of the tissue-vasculature interface of lung alveolus (air sacs). In 2012, Ingber and his team demonstrated in a study inScience Translational Medicinethe ability to mimic a complex human disease on the Lung Chip — specifically pulmonary edema, known commonly as “fluid on the lungs” — and to identify new therapeutics using this model.[29]As an alternative to animal studies, Organ Chips could be used to study the safety and efficacy of new drugs, accelerating the introduction of new drugs to market while significantly lowering research costs.[30]Ingber's group has since expanded this technology to develop other model organs, including the intestine,[31]kidney,[32]bone marrow,[33]blood-brain barrier,[34]and liver. In 2012, Ingber's team was awarded a DARPA contract to string together multiple Organ Chips to build an automated human body-on-chips that will recapitulate whole-body physiology.[35]This system could be used in combination with computational modeling to rapidly assess responses to new drug candidates, providing critical information on their safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics.[36]

Other new technologies from Ingber's lab include development of a fully biodegradable plastic alternative inspired by natural cuticle material found in shrimp shells and insect exoskeletons, known as “Shrilk”;[37]a mechanically activated nanotherapeutic that selectively directs clot-busting drugs to sites of vascular occlusion while minimizing unintended bleeding;[38]an siRNA nanoparticle therapy that prevents breast cancer progression;[39]a dialysis-like sepsis device that cleanses blood of all infectious pathogens, fungi and toxins without requiring prior identification;[40]a surface coating for medical materials and devices that prevents clot formation and bacteria accumulation that reduces the need for use of conventional anticoagulant drugs that frequently result in life-threatening side effects,[26]and a computational approach to diagnostics and therapeutics that incorporates both animation and molecular modeling software to virtually develop and test potential drugs designed to fit precisely into their targets’ molecular structures.[41]

Leadership and public service

[edit]

Earlier in his career, Ingber helped to bridge Harvard University, its affiliated hospitals, and theMassachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) through his involvement in the Center for Integration in Medicine and Innovative Technology, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, andDana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center[citation needed].He also has been a member[citation needed]of the Center for Nanoscale Systems and the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center at Harvard, as well as the MIT Center for Bioengineering.

In 2009, Ingber was named Founding Director[citation needed]of the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, which was launched with a $125 million gift— which at the time was the largest philanthropic gift in Harvard's history—from Swiss billionaireHansjörg Wyss.The Wyss Institute was founded to enable high-risk research and disruptive innovation, and to catalyze the field of biologically inspired engineering in which newly uncovered biological design principles are leveraged to develop new engineering innovations in the form of bioinspired materials and devices for medicine, industry, and the environment.[42]The Institute is a partnership[citation needed]among Harvard University, its major affiliated hospitals (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,Brigham and Women's Hospital,Boston Children's Hospital,Dana Farber Cancer Institute,Massachusetts General Hospital,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital),Boston University,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Tufts University,University of Massachusetts Medical School,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin,andUniversity of Zurich.

Ingber is a member of theNational Academy of Medicine,theNational Academy of Inventors,theAmerican Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering,and theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences[citation needed].He served as a member of the Space Studies Board[43]of theU.S. National Research Council(NRC), which advises theNational Academy of Sciences,National Academy of Engineering,andNational Institute of Medicine,and he chaired its Committee on Space Biology and Medicine. He has been an external reviewer of multiple NRC reports, including “Plan for the International Space Station,” “Future Biotechnology Research on the International Space Station,”[44]"Assessment of Directions in Microgravity and Physical Sciences Research at NASA",[45]and “The Astrophysical Context of Life.”[46]

Ingber also has served as a consultant[citation needed]to numerous companies in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and cosmetics industries, including Merck, Roche, Astrazeneca, Biogen, Chanel, and L’Oreal, among others. He currently chairs[citation needed]the Scientific Advisory Boards of Emulate, Inc. and Boa Biomedical, Inc.

He is an advisory board member forIntegrative Biology.[47]

Awards

[edit]

Ingber has received numerous awards and distinctions, including:

  • 2021: Elected a member of theNational Academy of Engineeringfor interdisciplinary contributions to mechanobiology and microsystems engineering, and leadership in biologically inspired engineering.[48]
  • 2018: Named to the Highly Cited Researchers List 2006–2016 by Clarivate Analytics.[49]
  • 2017: Founder's Award from the Biophysical Society.[50]
  • 2016: Elected to theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences,and received the Shu Chien Award from theBiomedical Engineering Society,[51]Pioneer Award from the University of Pittsburgh,[52]and Max Tishler Lecture Award from Tufts University.[53]
  • 2015: Elected to theNational Academy of Inventors,and won Product Design and Best Design of the Year Awards from London Design Museum for Organs-on-Chips, named Leading Global Thinker of 2015 by Foreign Policy Magazine.[54]
  • 2014: Delivered the Graeme Clark Oration in Melbourne, Australia to an audience of over 1,400.[55][56]
  • 2013: Received the NC3Rs 3Rs Prize from the UK's National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs),[57]and was named an honorary member of the Society of Toxicology for his work on Organs-on-Chips.[58]
  • 2012: Elected to theNational Institute of Medicine(formerly Institute of Medicine) of the U.S. National Academies,[59]one of the highest honors in the field of medicine in the United States, and won the World Technology Award in the biotechnology category.[60]
  • 2011: Inducted into the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering's College of Fellows[61]and received the Holst Medal.[62]
  • 2010: Received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Society for In Vitro Biology[63]and the Rous-Whipple Award from the American Society for Investigative Pathology.[64]
  • 2009: Received the Pritzker Award from the Biomedical Engineering Society.[65]
  • 2009–2014: Received a Breast Cancer Innovator Award[citation needed]from the Department of Defense.
  • 2005: Received the Talbot Medal[citation needed]in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign..
  • 2002: Named to Esquire's list[citation needed]of the world's "Best and Brightest".
  • 1991 to 1996: Recipient of an American Cancer Society Faculty Research Award.[66]

Ingber has also been named to multiple Who's Who lists for his diverse contributions including: Science and Engineering (1991), America (1994), the World (1997), Medicine and Healthcare (1999), Business Leaders and Professionals—Honors Edition (2007), and was honored with the Albert Nelson Marquis Lifetime Achievement Award in 2018.[67]

Art and design exhibitions

[edit]

Ingber collaborates internationally with artists, architects, and designers, as well as scientists, physicians, engineers, and the public. Examples of his involvement in the art/design community include:

  • 2019: Guest curator[citation needed]of Bio-Futurism Exhibition and contributor to the Triennial Exhibition at Cooper-Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum, New York; Organ Chips displayed at Barbican Centre London and Pompidou Centre Paris.
  • 2018: Organ Chips displayed[citation needed]in Biodesign Exhibition at the Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, RI.
  • 2017: Co-produced short film “The Beginning”[68]to entertain and educate the public about molecular biology down to the atomic scale of precision.
  • 2016: Cellular Tensegrity Models, Organ Chips, and Shrilk exhibited at the Martin Gropius-Bau Museum, Berlin; Organ Chips displayed at the Holon Design Museum, Israel and King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture, Saudi Arabia[citation needed].
  • 2015: Artificial biospleen prototype exhibited at the National Museum of Health and Medicine (NMHM); Organ Chips exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York, displayed at Le Laboratoire Cambridge in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and named winner of the Design of the Year Award by the Design Museum in London;[69]Shrilk displayed at the Booth Museum of Natural history in Brighton, UK.
  • 2015: Human Organs-on-Chips exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York; displayed at Le Laboratoire Cambridge in Cambridge, Massachusetts; and selected as a finalist by the Design Museum in London for the Design of the Year Award[citation needed].
  • 2011: Human Lung-on-a-Chip selected an INDEX Design for Life Award finalist and included in the INDEX: Award 2011 Exhibition in Copenhagen[citation needed].
  • 2010: Tensegrity multimedia exhibition displayed at Le Laboratoire in Paris; lecture presentation on tensegrity and nanobiotechnology at the Boston Museum of Science[citation needed].
  • 2005: Tensegrity multimedia exhibited at the "Image and Meaning" conference at the Getty Center in Los Angeles[citation needed].
  • 2002: Lecture presentation[citation needed]tensegrity and biological design at Boston Museum of Science.
  • 2001: Lecture on tensegrity presented at the "Image and Meaning" conference at MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts; Tensegrity multimedia presentation included in exhibition "On Growth and Form" at the Textile Museum of Canada in Toronto[citation needed].

References

[edit]
  1. ^Crow, James Mitchell (19 January 2015)."The man who built organs on chips"Archived2018-07-02 at theWayback Machine,Cosmos.
  2. ^"Donald Ingber",Harvard Medical School.
  3. ^"Neomorphics, Inc: Private Company Information".www.bloomberg.com.Retrieved5 February2015.
  4. ^"Tensegra, Inc.: Private Company Information".www.bloomberg.com.Retrieved5 February2015.
  5. ^"Emulate Launches to Commercialize Human Organs-on-Chips".www.businesswire.com.28 July 2014.Retrieved5 February2015.
  6. ^"Welcome to Opsonix".Opsonix Website.Retrieved2019-01-10.
  7. ^Ingber, Donald (2011). "What We Sort: Venus Paradise Coloring Set", in Sherry Turkle (ed).Falling for Science: Objects in Mind.MIT Press (pp. 252–261), p. 254.
  8. ^Ingber, Donald (2014)."Interview with Donald E Ingber".Nanomedicine.9(7): 949–954.doi:10.2217/nnm.14.31.PMID24978462.
  9. ^Mechanical Engineering of the Cytoskeleton in Developmental Biology.Science Academic Press. 1994-04-22.ISBN9780080856889.
  10. ^"Engineering Information: Donald Ingber, MD, PhD".www.engineeringdir.com.Retrieved5 February2015.
  11. ^Ingber, Donald (July 1, 1989)."Mechanochemical Switching between Growth and Differentiation during Fibroblast Growth Factor-stimulated Angiogenesis In Vitro: Role of Extracellular Matrix".The Journal of Cell Biology.109(July): 317–330.doi:10.1083/jcb.109.1.317.PMC2115480.PMID2473081.
  12. ^"Lab on a Chip Editorial Board Details".www.rsc.org.Retrieved5 February2015.
  13. ^"Build it Like Mother Nature".wyss.harvard.edu.Archived fromthe originalon 11 February 2015.Retrieved11 February2015.
  14. ^"Biostasis Project Advances to Next Phase of Development".Wyss Institute.2020-07-09.Retrieved2020-07-18.
  15. ^"Donald Ingber appointed to Friedrich Merz Guest Professorship at Goethe University".Wyss Institute.2018-12-05.Retrieved2020-07-05.
  16. ^Landau, Donald (2012)."Tensegrity".Scholarpedia.7(2): 8344.Bibcode:2012SchpJ...7.8344L.doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.8344.
  17. ^Ingber, Donald (April 1, 2003)."Tensegrity I. Cell structure and hierarchical systems biology".Journal of Cell Science.116(Pt 7): 613–627.doi:10.1242/jcs.00359.PMID12615960.S2CID5759959.Retrieved11 February2015.
  18. ^Ingber DE, Jamieson JD (1985).Cells as tensegrity structures: architectural regulation of histodifferentiation by physical forces transducer over basement membrane(PDF).Orlando: Academic Press. pp. 13–32. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2 February 2015.Retrieved11 February2015.
  19. ^Ingber, Donald (May 2006)."Cellular mechanotransduction: putting all the pieces together again".FASEB Journal.20(7): 811–827.doi:10.1096/fj.05-5424rev.PMID16675838.S2CID21267494.
  20. ^Ingber, Donald (June 16, 2008)."Tensegrity and mechanotransduction".Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies.12(3): 198–200.doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2008.04.038.PMC2614693.PMID19083675.
  21. ^Ingber DE, Madri JA, Jamieson JD (June 1981)."Role of basal lamina in neoplastic disorganization of tissue architecture".PNAS.78(6): 3901–3905.Bibcode:1981PNAS...78.3901I.doi:10.1073/pnas.78.6.3901.PMC319681.PMID7022458.
  22. ^"NCI Drug Dictionary".National Cancer Institute.
  23. ^Reardon, Sara (September 14, 2014)."Artificial spleen cleans up blood".Nature News.doi:10.1038/nature.2014.15917.S2CID87206045.
  24. ^Phillip, Abby (September 16, 2014)."From E. coli to Ebola: A device that can filter deadly pathogens out of the body",The Washington Post.
  25. ^Storr, Krystnell A. (July 5, 2012)."A Shotgun for Blood Clots".Science.Retrieved11 February2015.
  26. ^abIngber DE, Aizenberg J, Leslie D, Waterhouse A (October 12, 2013)."A bioinspired omniphobic surface coating on medical devices prevents thrombosis and biofouling".Nature Biotechnology.32(11): 1134–1140.doi:10.1038/nbt.3020.PMID25306244.S2CID11951773.
  27. ^"Organs-on-Chips".wyss.harvard.edu.Wyss Institute. Archived fromthe originalon 2 February 2015.Retrieved11 February2015.
  28. ^DE Ingber; Hsin HY; Huh D (June 25, 2010)."Reconstituting Organ-Level Lung Functions on a Chip".Science.328(5986): 1662–1668.Bibcode:2010Sci...328.1662H.doi:10.1126/science.1188302.PMC8335790.PMID20576885.S2CID11011310.
  29. ^Ingber DE, McAlexander MA, Huh D, Leslie DC (November 7, 2012)."A Human Disease Model of Drug Toxicity-Induced Pulmonary Edema in Lung-on-a-Chip Microdevice".Science Translational Medicine.4(159): 159ra147.doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3004249.PMC8265389.PMID23136042.S2CID206680503.
  30. ^Burrell, Teal (August 7, 2013)."Can We Eliminate Animals from Medical Research?".Online Article.PBS. PBS.org.Retrieved11 February2015.
  31. ^"Harvard's Wyss Institute Creates Living Human Gut-on-a-Chip".wyss.harvard.edu.Wyss Institute. 27 March 2012.Retrieved11 February2015.
  32. ^"Three 'Organs-on-Chips' ready to serve as disease models, drug testbeds".wyss.harvard.edu.Wyss Institute. Archived fromthe originalon 2 February 2015.Retrieved11 February2015.
  33. ^"Bone marrow-on-a-chip unveiled".wyss.harvard.edu.Wyss Institute. 28 May 2014.Retrieved11 February2015.
  34. ^"Taking the brain apart to put it all together again".Wyss Institute.2018-08-20.Retrieved2019-01-10.
  35. ^"Wyss Institute to Receive up to $37 Million from DARPA to Integrate Multiple Organ-on-Chip Systems to Mimic the Whole Human Body".wyss.harvard.edu.Wyss Institute. 24 July 2012.Retrieved11 February2015.
  36. ^Drummond, Katie (July 31, 2012)."Military's 'Body-on-a-chip' Could Fast-Track Pharmaceuticals".Online article.Forbes Magazine. Forbes.Retrieved11 February2015.
  37. ^Ingber DE, Fernandez JG (January 24, 2012). "Unexpected Strength and Toughness in Chitosan-Fibroin Laminates Inspired by Insect Cuticle".Advanced Materials.24(4): 480–484.Bibcode:2012AdM....24..480F.doi:10.1002/adma.201104051.PMID22162193.S2CID205243157.
  38. ^Ingber, DE (July 11, 2012)."Nanoparticles home in to clear clots".Nature.487(142): 142.doi:10.1038/487142a.
  39. ^Ingber DE, Collins JJ, Brock A (January 1, 2014)."Silencing HoxA1 by Intraductal Injection of siRNA Lipidoid Nanoparticles Prevents Mammary Tumor Progression in Mice".Science Translational Medicine.6(217): 217ra2.doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3007048.PMC5546412.PMID24382894.
  40. ^Ingber DE, Kang JH (September 14, 2014). "An extracorporeal blood-cleansing device for sepsis therapy".Nature Medicine.20(10): 1211–1216.doi:10.1038/nm.3640.PMID25216635.S2CID691647.
  41. ^"Can molecular modeling go quantum?".Wyss Institute.2018-04-13.Retrieved2019-01-10.
  42. ^"About Us: Wyss Institute".wyss.harvard.edu.Wyss Institute. Archived fromthe originalon 8 February 2015.Retrieved11 February2015.
  43. ^Review of NASA Plans for the International Space Station.Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. April 5, 2006. p. vi.ISBN9780309100854.Retrieved11 February2015.
  44. ^Future Biotechnology Research on the International Space Station.Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. 2000. p. xiii.ISBN0-309-56294-5.Retrieved11 February2015.
  45. ^National Research Council (2003).Assessment of Directions in Microgravity and Physical Sciences Research at NASA.Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.doi:10.17226/10624.ISBN978-0-309-08639-4.Retrieved11 February2015.
  46. ^National Research Council (May 25, 2005).The Astrophysical Context of Life.Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. p. xi.ISBN9780309096270.Retrieved11 February2015.
  47. ^"Editorial Board".
  48. ^"Dr. Donald E. Ingber".NAE Website.Retrieved2022-05-09.
  49. ^"Clarivate Analytics names the world's most impactful scientific researchers with the release of the 2017 Highly Cited Researchers List".Clarivate.2017-11-15.Retrieved2019-01-10.
  50. ^"2017 Society Award Winners"(PDF).www.biophysics.org.Retrieved2019-01-10.
  51. ^"Ingber receives the 2016 BMES Shu Chien Award".Wyss Institute.2016-01-08.Retrieved2019-01-10.
  52. ^"Advanced Training Course | Regenerative Medicine at the McGowan Institute".Retrieved2019-01-10.
  53. ^"2016 Tufts Tishler Lectures"(PDF).chem.tufts.edu.Retrieved2019-01-10.
  54. ^"The Leading Global Thinkers of 2015 – Foreign Policy".2015globalthinkers.foreignpolicy.com.Retrieved2019-01-10.
  55. ^"The 2014 Graeme Clark Oration".www.graemeclarkeoration.org.au.The Graeme Clark Oration. Archived fromthe originalon 3 February 2015.Retrieved11 February2015.
  56. ^"Watch video recording here".Archived fromthe originalon 2015-02-03.
  57. ^"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences – NCATS Catalyzing Innovation".www.ncats.nih.gov.NCATS.
  58. ^"Society of Toxicology honors members for scientific achievements".Press release.EurekAlert! AAAS. Society of Toxicology. February 15, 2013.Retrieved11 February2015.
  59. ^"Donald Ingber Elected to the Institute of Medicine | Harvard Medical School".hms.harvard.edu.16 October 2012.Retrieved2019-01-10.
  60. ^"Don Ingber and Wyss Institute Win World Technology Awards".wyss.harvard.edu.Wyss Institute. Archived fromthe originalon 17 February 2013.Retrieved11 February2015.
  61. ^Mowatt, Twig (February 4, 2011)."Founding Director of Harvard's Wyss Institute Elected to the College of Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering".Press release.Wyss Institute. Wyss Institute.Retrieved11 February2015.
  62. ^Mowatt, Twig (December 16, 2011)."Wyss Institute Founding Director Donald Ingber Receives 2011 Holst Medal".Press release.Wyss Institute. Wyss Institute.Retrieved11 February2015.
  63. ^"Wyss Founding Director Receives Lifetime Achievement Award from the Society of In Vitro Biology".wyss.harvard.edu.Wyss Institute. 7 June 2010.Retrieved11 February2015.
  64. ^"Wyss Leadership: Donald E. Ingber, M.D., Ph.D."wyss.harvard.edu.Wyss Institute. Archived fromthe originalon 8 February 2015.Retrieved11 February2015.
  65. ^Weintraub, Karen (October 2, 2009)."Donald Ingber awarded the 2009 BMES Pritzker Distinguished Lectureship for outstanding achievements, originality and leadership".Online article.Harvard Gazette. Harvard Gazette.Retrieved11 February2015.
  66. ^"Novel noninvasive therapy prevents breast cancer formation in mice".Press release.EurekAlert! AAAS. Wyss Institute. January 1, 2014.Retrieved11 February2015.
  67. ^"LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT SYNOPSIS".Marquis Who's Who Ventures LLC.Retrieved2019-01-10.
  68. ^"Art advancing science at the nanoscale".Wyss Institute.2017-10-18.Retrieved2019-01-10.
  69. ^"Human organs-on-chips named Design of the Year 2015".Wyss Institute.2015-06-22.Retrieved2019-01-10.
[edit]
Scholiahas anauthorprofile forDonald E. Ingber.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_E._Ingber&oldid=1247322443"