Jump to content

Doraemon

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the media franchise. For the title character, seeDoraemon (character).For other uses, seeDoraemon (disambiguation).

Doraemon
Firsttankōbonvolume cover, featuringDoraemon
ドラえもん
Genre
Manga
Written byFujiko F. Fujio
Published byShogakukan
English publisher
ImprintTentōmushi Comics
MagazineCoroCoro Comicand other Shogakukan children's magazines
DemographicChildren
Original run1969–1997
Short stories

Original run1969–1994
VolumesTC:45, KE:200, CWF:20, DP:7

Long Tales

Original run1979–1997[3]
VolumesTC:17,[3]CWF:6[3]

Anime television series
Other media
Spin-off manga
A magazine in which the new work of the manga "Doraemon" was published. Month of release. Blue is short. Red is Long Stories.[4][5]

Doraemon(ドラえもん)is a Japanesemangaseries written and illustrated byFujiko F. Fujio.The manga was first serialized in 1969. Its chapters were collected in 45tankōbonvolumes published byShogakukanfrom 1974 to 1996. The story revolves around an earless robotic cat namedDoraemon,whotravels back in timefrom the 22nd century to aid a boy namedNobita Nobi.

The manga spawned amedia franchise.Three anime TV series have been adapted in1973,1979,and2005.Additionally,Shin-Ei Animationhas producedover forty animated films,including two 3D computer-animated films, all of which are distributed byToho.Various types of merchandise and media have been developed, includingsoundtrack albums,video games,and musicals. The manga series was licensed for an English language release in North America, viaAmazon Kindle,by a collaboration of Fujiko F. Fujio Pro withVoyager JapanandAltJapan Co., Ltd.The anime series was licensed byDisneyfor an English-language release in North America in 2014, and LUK International inEurope, the Middle East and Africa.

Doraemonwas well-received by critics and became a hit in many Asian countries. It won numerous awards, including theJapan Cartoonists Association Awardin 1973 and 1994, theShogakukan Manga Awardforchildren's mangain 1982, and theTezuka Osamu Cultural Prizein 1997. By 2019, it has sold over 250 million copies worldwide, becoming one of thebest-selling manga seriesof all time. The character of Doraemon has been viewed as a Japanese cultural icon, and was appointed as the first "anime ambassador" in 2008 by the country'sForeign Ministry.

Synopsis[edit]

See also:List ofDoraemoncharacters

Nobita Nobiis a ten-year-old Japanese school boy, who is kind-hearted and honest, but also lazy, unlucky, weak, gets bad grades and is bad at sports. One day, a blue robot cat from the 22nd century named Doraemon is sent back to the past by Nobita's future great-great grandson, Sewashi Nobi, to take care of Nobita so that his descendants can have a better life. Doraemon has a four-dimensional pocket in which he stores tools, inventions, and gadgets from the future to aid Nobita whenever he is faced with a problem. Although Doraemon is a cat robot, he has a fear of mice because of an incident where robotic mice chewed off his ears. This is why Doraemon lost his original yellow color and turned blue, from sadness.

Nobita has three main friends:Takeshi Goda(nicknamed Gian),Suneo Honekawa(Gian's sidekick), andShizuka Minamoto,Nobita's best friend and love-interest. Gian is a strong, leading and domineering boy, but also loyal to his friends. Suneo is a wealthy and spoiled boy who uses his friendship with Gian to win the respect of other schoolmates. Shizuka is a gentle and kind girl who frequently plays with Nobita. Nobita has a crush on Shizuka; she is his prospective future wife (Nobita's future wife is initially Gian's younger sister). Although Gian and Suneo are Nobita's friends, they also typically bully and abuse him. Nobita normally responds by using Doraemon's gadgets to fight back against them, but Nobita has a tendency to get carried away with using the gadgets (or Gian and Suneo, if they steal it away), which typically results in unintended consequences for him and others.

In addition to Gian, Suneo, and Shizuka, Dorami and Hidetoshi Dekisugi are also recurring characters. Dorami is Doraemon's younger sister, and Dekisugi is a gifted student boy who as Shizuka's close friend, frequently attracts the jealousy of Nobita.

Creation and conception[edit]

Development and themes[edit]

Doraemonis written and illustrated byFujiko F. Fujio,the pen name of Japanesemanga artistHiroshi Fujimoto.[6][7][8]According to Fujio, it was originally conceived following a series of three events: when searching for ideas for a new manga, he wished a machine existed that would come up with ideas for him, he tripped over his daughter's toy, and heard cats fighting in his neighborhood.[9]To set up the plot and characters, he used some elements from his earlier manga series,Obake no Q-Tarō,which involve anobakeliving with humans, with a similar formula.[10]Fujio said that the idea forDoraemoncame after "an accumulation of trial and error", during which he finally found the most suitable style of manga to him.[11]Initially, the series achieved little success asgekigawas well-known at the time, and only became a hit after its adaptation into an anime TV series and multiple feature films.[10]

Doraemonis mainly aimed at children, so Fujio chose to create the character with a simple graphic style, based on shapes such as circles and ellipses.[12]He used the same sequences of cartoons with regularity and continuity to enhance the reader's ease of understanding. In addition, blue, a characteristic color of Doraemon, was chosen as the main color in magazine publications, which used to have a yellow cover and red title.[13]Set inTokyo,the manga reflected parts of Japan's society, such as the class system and the "ideal" of Japanese childhood.[14][15]Problems, if occur, were resolved in a way so as not to rely on violence and eroticism,[16]and the stories were integrated with the concept of environmentalism.[17]The manga also insisted on the ethical values of integrity, perseverance, courage, family and respect.[18]

In order to underline the crucial role of the young generation in society, the manga's creator chose to have the act carried out in a "children's domain" where young people can live with happiness, freedom and power without adult's interference.[19]As Saya S. Shiraishi noted, the existence of the "domain" helpedDoraemonto have a strong appeal in various Asian countries.[19]DuringDoraemon's development, Fujio did not express a change in characters; he said, "When a manga hero become a success, the manga suddenly stops being interesting. So the hero has to be like the stripes on abarber pole;he seems to keep moving upward, but actually he stays in the same place. "[20]

According to Zensho Ito, Fujio's former student, the "length" of time in the universe is one of the ideas that inspired Fujio to makeDoraemon.[21]Frequently displayed in its stories is Nobita's desire to control time, and there existtime-control gadgetsthat he uses to satisfy that desire, particularly the "Time Machine", which lies in his desk drawer.[22]Unlike Western works on science fiction, the manga did not explain the theory nor the applied technology behind these tools, but instead focusing on how the characters exploit their advantages, making it more children-friendly.[23]

Origin of the name[edit]

The name "Doraemon" can be roughly translated to "stray". Unusually, the name "Doraemon"(ドラえもん)is written in a mixture of two Japanese scripts:Katakana(ドラ) andHiragana(えもん). "Dora" derives from "dora neko"(どら miêu,stray cat),and is a corruption of nora (stray),[9]while "-emon" (in kanjiHữu vệ môn) is an old-fashioned suffix for male names (for example, as inIshikawa Goemon).[24]Nobita's home address in Tsukimidai ( "moon-view-heights" ),Nerimarefers to Fujimidai ( "Fuji-view-heights "), whereOsamu Tezuka's residence and animation studio is based.[14]The name "Nobita Nobi" refers to "nobi nobi", meaning "the way a young child grows up free, healthy, and happy, unrestrained in any sense".[14][25]

Gadgets[edit]

"Anywhere Door", a pink door used as a gadget in "Doraemon"; users can travel anywhere on their wish by turning the door's knob
"Anywhere Door", a gadget in the manga series as seen in the Fujiko F. Fujio Museum

Gadgets, or "himitsu dōgu"(ひみつ đạo cụ),are Doraemon's tools from the future, usually used to help the characters. Fujio said that Doraemon has a total of 1,293 gadgets;[26]according to a 2004 analysis by Yasuyuki Yokoyama ofToyama University,there are 1,963 gadgets found in 1,344 sketches.[24]The most important gadgets include "Take-Copter", a small piece of headgear made out of bamboo that can allow its users to fly; "Time Machine", a machine used fortime travel;"Anywhere Door", a pink-colored door that allows people to travel according to the thoughts of the person who turns the knob; "Time Kerchief", a handkerchief which can turn an object new or old or a person young or old; "Translator Tool", a cuboid jelly that allow one to converse in any language; and "Designer", a camera used to instantly dress-up the user.[24][27]

Saya S. Shiraishi wrote that most of the gadgets were "an impressive testimony to the standards of quality control and innovation that exist in the twenty-second century".[27]The gadgets were an essential part of the series so as to reflect a positive point of view about the association of technology in children, and to express the wishes of modern society.[28]

Conclusion[edit]

The series ceased its original run in 1994 and was not given a ending before Fujimoto's death in 1996; this has since aroused numerousurban legendsthroughout the years.[29]One of the most well-known "endings" of the manga was by an amateur manga cartoonist under the pen name "Yasue T. Tajima", first appeared on the Internet in 1998 and made up into a manga in 2005. The story takes place when Doraemon's battery dies, and Nobita later grows up becoming a robot engineer, potentially revive Doraemon and live a happy life. Tajima issued an apology in 2007, and the profits were shared with Shogakukan and the copyright owner, Fujiko F. Fujio Pro.[30]

Ryūichi Yagi andTakashi Yamazaki,the directors ofStand by Me Doraemon,confirmed that it had only one opening, while the ending has been rewritten several times.[31]Because of this, Shogakukan had to clarify that only if the marriage of Nobita and Shizuka is finalized will the mission be accomplished, and then Doraemon will return to the future.[29]

Media[edit]

Manga[edit]

See also:List ofDoraemonchapters
Main Tankōbon of the mangaDoraemon[32][5]
Book Title Memo Label Abbr. Volumes Recorded Episodes Publication Publisher
Doraemon The Complete Works of Fujiko F. Fujio CWF 20 1326 2009–2012 Shogakukan
Doraemon Kindle Edition KE 200 1311 2013–2016 Shogakukan
Doraemon Chūkō comics: Fujiko Fujio Land FFL 45 833 1984–1990 Chūōkōronsha
Doraemon Normal volume Tentōmushi Comics TC 45 822 1974–1996 Shogakukan
Doraemon Plus Tentōmushi Comics DP 7 145 2005–2006, 2014, 2023 Shogakukan
Doraemon Color Works Tentōmushi Comics Special DCW 6 119 1999–2006 Shogakukan
Doraemon Volume 0 Tentōmushi Comics TC0 1 9 2019 Shogakukan
Excerpt of "Doraemon" manga volume 1, where Doraemon made his first appearance by coming from the time machine, which lies in Nobita's desk drawer
The first appearance of Doraemon, who came via thetime machine

In December 1969, theDoraemonmanga appeared in six different children's monthly magazines published byShogakukan:Yoiko,Yōchien,Shogaku Ichi-nensei,Shogaku Ni-nensei,Shogaku San-nensei,andShogaku Yo-nensei.The magazines were aimed at children from nursery school to fourth grade. In 1973, two other magazines,Shogaku Go-nenseiandShogaku Roku-nensei(aimed at fifth-grade and sixth-grade students respectively), started publishing the manga. In 1977,CoroCoro Comicwas launched as the flagship magazine ofDoraemon.[33][34][35]

Since the debut ofDoraemonin 1969, the stories have been selectively collected into forty-fivetankōbonvolumes that were published under Shogakukan'sTentōmushi Comics(てんとう trùng コミックス)imprint from July 31, 1974, to April 26, 1996.[36][37]These volumes are collected in the Takaoka Central Library inToyama,Japan, where Fujio was born.[38]Between April 25, 2005, and February 28, 2006, Shōgakukan published a series of five manga volumes under the titleDoraemon Plus(Doraemon+), featuring short stories which did not appear in the forty-five original volumes;[39][40]a sixth volume, the first volume in eight years, was published on December 1, 2014.[41]Additionally, 119 unpublished stories were compiled into six colored-manga volumes under the titleDoraemon Kara Sakuhin-shu(ドラえもん カラー tác phẩm tập,Doraemon Color Works),published from July 17, 1999, to September 2, 2006.[13][42]Between July 24, 2009, and September 25, 2012, Shogakukan published amaster workscollection consisting of twenty volumes with all 1,345 stories written by Fujio.[43][44]In December 2019, on the 50th anniversary ofDoraemon,a "Volume 0" was published by Shogakukan featuring six different versions of Doraemon's first appearance.[45]

There have been two series of bilingual, Japanese and English, volumes of the manga by Shogakukan English Comics under the titleDoraemon: Gadget Cat from the Future,and two audio versions.[46][47]The first series has ten volumes and the second one has six.[46]21st Century Publishing House released bilingual English-Chinese versions in Mainland China,[48]andChingwin Publishing Groupreleased bilingual English-Chinese versions in Taiwan.[49]

In July 2013, Fujiko F. Fujio Pro announced that they would be collaborating with ebook publisherVoyager Japanand localization companyAltJapan Co., Ltd.to release an English-language version of the manga in full color digitally via theAmazon Kindleplatform in North America.[50]Shogakukan released the first volume in November 2013;[51]by 2016, a total of 200 volumes have been published.[51][52]This English version incorporates a variety of changes to character names; Nobita is "Noby", Shizuka is "Sue", Suneo is "Sneech", and Gian is "Big G", while dorayaki is "Yummy Bun/Fudgy Pudgy Pie".[53]Also, by 2016, four volumes of the manga have been published in English in print byShogakukan Asia.[54][55]

Shogakukan started digital distribution of all forty-five original volumes throughout Japan from July 16, 2015.[56]

Long Stories[edit]

See also:Doraemon's Long Tales

Doraemon's Long Talesis the core of the work, as isDoraemon Short Stories.Doraemon's Long Talesis a manga and movie series ongoing since 1979, featuring longer and continuous narratives about the characters' adventures into various lands of science fiction and fantasy. Long Stories manga series consists of twenty-four tankōbon volumes published from 1983 to 2004.[57][58]

Spin-offs[edit]

Several spin-off manga series ofDoraemonhave been made.The Doraemons,a manga illustrated by Michiaki Tanaka based onDoraemon,was published by Shogakukan in sixtankōbonvolumes from 1996 to 2001.[59][60]Between 1997 and 2003, Shogakukan also published fifteen volumes ofThe Doraemons Special,created by Yukihiro Mitani and Masaru Miyazaki as a complement part ofThe Doraemons,including twelve from the main series[61][62]and three from theRobot Training School Edition.[63][64]Dorabase,abaseball-themed manga written and illustrated by Mugiwara Shintarō, is another spin-off ofDoraemon;twenty-three volumes of the manga were published by Shogakukan from April 26, 2001, to October 28, 2011.[65][66]

Anime[edit]

See also:Doraemon(1973 TV series),Doraemon(1979 TV series),andDoraemon(2005 TV series)
Doraemon anime outline[67]

The first attempt of aDoraemonanimated series was in1973,byNippon Television.After a January 1973 pilot namedDoraemon Mirai Kara Yattekuru(ドラえもんが vị lai からやってくる,Doraemon Coming from the Future),[68]twenty-six episodes, each with two segments, were broadcast on Nippon TV from April 1 to September 30 of the same year.[69]The series was directed by Mitsuo Kaminashi with voice cast fromAoni Production;the character Doraemon was voiced byKōsei Tomita,then later byMasako Nozawa.[70]Later in the series, the animation studio, Nippon TeleMovie Productions, went bankrupt, and the masters were sold off or destroyed.[71]The series was re-aired on Nippon TV and several local stations until 1979,[72][73]when Shogakukan requestedToyama Televisionto cease broadcasting.[74]Some of the segments were found in the archives ofImagicain 1995,[75]and some others were recovered by Jun Masami in 2003.[70]As of 2013, 21 of 52 segments are known to survive, two of which have no audio.[76]

Doraemonremained fairly exclusive in manga form until 1979 when a animation studio,Shin-Ei Animation(now owned byTV Asahi) produced an animatedsecond attemptofDoraemon.[7]The series aired on TV Asahi from April 2, 1979.[77]Ryo Motohira served as chief director from 1981, andTsutomu Shibayamafrom 1984.[78]Eiichi Nakamura served as director of character designer,[78][79]whileShunsuke Kikuchiwas the composer.[77][80]Nobuyo Ōyamavoiced Doraemon in the series; because of this, inAsia,this version is sometimes referred to as the Ōyama Edition.[81]In total, 1,787 episodes were produced and released inVHSandDVDbyToho.[82][83]On April 15, 2005, a major renewal was carried out, including the replacement ofvoice actorsand staff, and updated character designs (Doraemon (2005 TV series)).[84]The third series is sometimes referred to in Asia as the Mizuta Edition, as a tribute for the voice actress for Doraemon,Wasabi Mizuta.[81]It was released in DVD on February 10, 2006 under the titleNew TV-ban Doraemon(NEW TV bản ドラえもん,Doraemon NEW TV Version)with Shogakukan Video banner.[85][86]

In May 2014, TV Asahi Corporation announced an agreement withThe Walt Disney Companyto bring the 2005 series to the Disney XD television channel and Disney Channel in the United States beginning in the summer of that year.[87][88][89]Besides using the name changes that were used in AltJapan's English adaptation of the original manga, other changes and edits have also been made to make the show more relatable to an American audience, such as Japanese text being replaced with English text on certain objects like signs and graded papers, items such asyen notesbeing replaced byUS dollar bills,and the setting being changed from Japan to the United States.[90]Initial response to the edited dub was positive.[91]The Disney adaptation began broadcast in Japan onDisney Channelfrom February 1, 2016. The broadcast offered the choice of the English voice track or a newly recorded Japanese track by the Japanese cast of the 2005 series.[92]

The anime has also been aired in over sixty countries worldwide.[93]It premiered inThailandin 1982,[94]thePhilippinesin 1999,[95]India in 2005,[96]and Vietnam in 2010.[97][98]Other Asian countries that broadcast the series includeChina,Hong Kong,Singapore,Taiwan,Malaysia,Indonesia,andSouth Korea.[99]The series is licensed inEMEAregions by LUK International;[100]it premiered in Spain in 1993[101]and France in 2003.[102]It has also been distributed in South American countries, including Brazil,[103]Colombia,[104]and Chile.[105]In 2017, POPS Worldwide, a Vietnamese multimedia company, collaborated with TV Asahi to release the anime series onYouTubeand other digital platforms.[106]

Films[edit]

Further information:List of Doraemon films

By 2024, there have been 43 annual feature-lengthanimated filmsproduced by Shin-Ei Animation and released by Toho.[107]The first twenty-five films are based on the 1979 anime, while the rest are based on the 2005 anime.[107]Unlike the anime and manga series, the films are more action-adventure oriented, taking the familiar characters ofDoraemonand placing them in a variety of exotic and perilous settings.[108][109]

A3D computer animatedfilm,Stand by Me Doraemon,debuted in Japan on August 8, 2014.[110]Directed byTakashi Yamazakiand Ryūichi Yagi,[111]it combines elements from the short stories of the manga series: "All the Way from the Country of the Future", "Imprinting Egg", "Goodbye, Shizuka-chan", "Romance in Snowy Mountain", "Nobita's the Night Before a Wedding", and "Goodbye, Doraemon..." into a new complete story, from the first time Doraemon came to Nobita's house to Doraemon bidding farewell to Nobita.[110][112]The film was a box office success, grossing $183.4 million worldwide.[113]A sequel,Stand by Me Doraemon 2,also directed by Yamazaki and Yagi, was released on November 20, 2020.[114]

Short films, OVA and crossover[edit]

SeveralDoraemonshort films were produced and released between 1989 and 2004.[107]These include2112: The Birth of Doraemon,a film about the life of Doraemon from birth before coming to Nobita;[115]Doraemon: Nobita's the Night Before a Wedding,a film about the events related to the marriage of Nobita and Shizuka;[116]The Day When I Was Born[117]andDoraemon: A Grandmother's Recollections,[118]the films about the relationship between Nobita and his parents along with his grandmother. Other short films focus onDoramiandThe Doraemons.[107]In 1981, Toho releasedWhat Am I for Momotaro,a film aboutMomotarō,the hero of Japanese folklore.[119]

In 1994, an educationalOVAwas made, titledDoraemon: Nobita to Mirai Note(ドラえもん のび thái と vị lai ノート),where the main characters express the hope for a better Earth. The OVA was released in DVD along with the 13th issue ofFujiko F. Fujio Wonderlandmagazine in September 2004.[120][121]A crossover episode ofDoraemonwithAIBOU: Tokyo Detective Duoaired on TV Asahi on November 9, 2018.[122]

Music[edit]

Further information:List ofDoraemonsoundtrack albums

The soundtrack of the 1973 anime series was composed by Nobuyoshi Koshibe,[70]who also arranged the opening theme song "Doraemon"(ドラえもん)and the ending theme song "Doraemon Rumba"(ドラえもん ルンバ),both performed by Harumi Naitō.[69]For the 1979 anime, Shunsuke Kikuchi was the composer, who arranged "Doraemon no Uta"(ドラえもんのうた);[69][80]it had been performed by numerous singers, includingKumiko ŌsugiandSatoko Yamano.[123]When the anime got a reboot in 2005, Kan Sawada was the composer of the series.[124][125]There are four other opening themes, including an instrumental version of "Doraemon no Uta" performed byTwelve Girls Band;[126]"Hagushichao"(ハグしちゃお)performed byRimi Natsukawa;[127]"Yume wo Kanaete Doraemon"(Mộng をかなえてドラえもん),the opening theme broadcast from 2007 to 2018;[128]and "Doraemon" performed byGen Hoshino,broadcast since October 2019.[129]

Numerous collections of theme songs of the anime series and feature films were initially available incassettes.[130]Since the 1990s,Doraemonsongs have been released in CD, under the type ofsinglesandcompilation albums.[131][132]Soundtracks ofDoraemonfeature films have been released byNippon Columbiasince 2001 in the album series "Doraemon Soundtrack History"(ドラえもんサウンドトラックヒストリー).[133][134][135]

Musical shows[edit]

Doraemonhas been adapted into a musical, titledDoraemon the Musical: Nobita and the Animal Planet(Vũ đài bản ドラえもん のび thái とアニマルHoặc tinh(プラネット),Butaiban Doraemon: Nobita to Animaru Puranetto).Based on the 1990animefilmof the same name,it debuted atTokyo Metropolitan Art Spaceon September 4, 2008, running through September 14. Shoji Kokami was the director and writer, Makoto Sakamoto played Nobita and Reiko Suho as Shizuka; Jaian and Suneo were portrayed by Tomohiro Waki and Kensaku Kobayashi, respectively; Wasabi Mizuta voiced Doraemon.[136][137]The musical was later revived and ran at Sunshine Theater, Tokyo from March 26 to April 2, 2017,[138]then later in other prefectures includingFukuoka,Osaka,MiyagiandAichi.[139]The 2017 revival is also directed and written by Kokami,[140]with Mizuta reprising her role;[139]Nobita, Shizuka, Jaian and Suneo were played by Yuuchi Ogoe, Hina Higuchi, Koki Azuma and Shō Jinnai, respectively.[141]

Video games[edit]

Many Japanese-onlyvideo gamesbased onDoraemonhave been developed. For instance, in 1983,BandaidevelopedDokodemo Dorayaki Doraemon(どこでも ドラヤキ ドラえもん),an arcade game inspired byPac-Man.[142]Doraemon,aNESvideo game made byHudson Soft,was released on December 12, 1986,[143]and became one of the best-selling games of that year in Japan with over 1.15 million copies sold.[144]On December 6, 2007,SegapublishedDoraemon Wii,the firstDoraemonvideo game released onWii.[145]Doraemon can also be seen inNamco'sTaiko no Tatsujinrhythm game series, such as inTaiko no Tatsujin: Sesson de Dodon ga Don!(2017).[146]The first Doraemon game to receive a Western release wasDoraemon Story of Seasons(2019).[147][148]Card games withDoraemonthemes have also been made in several special occasions, sometimes to exploit the popularity of feature films.[149]In 2016, a special edition ofUnoabout the series' characters was released exclusively in Japan, as a result of a cooperation betweenAsatsu-DKandMattel.[150]

Merchandise[edit]

In Japan, theDoraemonmerchandising rights belong toShogakukan-Shueisha Productions,which has produced and distributed a wide range of products under its brand, such as toys, food, stationery,action figures,[151]gashapon,shoes, clothing, and others.[152][153]Several companies have collaborated on the creation and distribution of products on the series and its characters, includingSanrio,[154]Converse,[155]Moleskine,[156]andESP Guitars,which has made guitars decorated withDoraemoncharacters;[157]a further partnership ofDoraemonwithUniqloled to a line of clothing designed byTakashi Murakami.[158]TheDoraemonfranchise has also collaborated with various Japanese brands, including Tsi Groove & Sports'sJack Bunny!!golf apparel brand,[159][160][161]Unicharm'sMamiPokodiaper brand,[162]and the video gamesLINE Pop 2,[163]Monster Strike,[164]andGranblue Fantasy.[165][166]Viz Mediaowns theDoraemonmerchandising rights in North and Latin America,[1]which has developedDoraemon-themed clothing and collectibles in collaboration with retail chainHot Topic,[167]and themedHappy Mealsin a 2015 collaboration withMcDonald's.[168]Viz Media Europe (nowCrunchyroll EMEA) manages the merchandising in Europe except Spain and Portugal;[169]LUK International has obtained licenses in these two countries.[170]

Characters fromDoraemonhave been used in advertising through specific agreements with Shogakukan. For instance, following theCool Japaninitiative promoted by theJapanese government,Sharp Corporationproduced a series of commercials featuring the characters of Doraemon and Nobita, which were broadcast in severalASEAN countries.[171]In late 2011, Shogakukan andToyota Motor Corporationjoined forces to create a series of live-action commercials as part of Toyota's ReBorn ad campaign, which depicted the manga's characters two decades after being grown up, where Hollywood actorJean Renoplayed Doraemon.[172][173]

Reception[edit]

See also:List of non-JapaneseDoraemonversions

General[edit]

Doraemonis considered one of the best-known manga of all time, a true Japanese cultural icon,[10]and an essential part of family life of the Japanese post-war generation.[152]Akihiro Motoyama observed that "mothers who watched the movies when they were children are now taking their own children to see them".[152][174]It was also commercially successful: over108 millionbooks were sold in Japan by 1996.[175]The 1979[174]and 2005 anime series[176]also achieved high ratings on television. With the filmDoraemon: Nobita's Secret Gadget Museum,theDoraemonanime film seriesreached 100 million tickets sold at the Japanese box office, surpassingGodzillaas thehighest-grossing film franchise in Japan.[177]By 2015, it had sold over 103 million tickets, and was the largest franchise by numbers of admissions in the country.[178]

Doraemonwas also a hit in Asia in general, and was considered one of the typical cases of Japanesesoft power,[179]although it was published without a license in some countries.[180]The anime television series is available in over 60 countries,[93]and reportedly getting high ratings in at least 30 countries.[181]However,Doraemonwas less successful in Western countries, because it was viewed as a children-only series, and there were some tight restrictions about publishing manga and broadcasting anime series there.[182][183]The manga has sold over170 millioncopies worldwide by 2012,[184][185]and 250 million by 2019.[186]Estimates show thatDoraemonhas generated at least more than$4.3 billionin merchandise sales by 2019,[a]and over $1.7 billion from anime feature films by 2020,[197]making it one of thehighest-grossing media franchisesof all time.

Outside Japan,Doraemonachieved particular success in Vietnam,[198]with a record-breaking 40 million copies sold by 2006.[199]The manga was first launched there in 1992 byKim Đồng Publishing House,but the copyright from Shogakukan was not fully acquired until 1996.[200][201]In 1993, theVietnamese Ministry of Cultureconsidered the manga's publication to be "an impactful event for the improvement of children, youth and adult's likings... [Doraemon] is a comprehensively educational book series which has the effect of developing children's personality ".[200]Doraemon is now a cultural icon in Vietnam, having featured in many cultural events.[202][203]

Critical response and analysis[edit]

Doraemonreceived favorable reviews.Mark Schillingwrote, "For kids whose lives are often so regulated, Doraemon represents a welcome breath of freedom and a glimpse of a funnier, friendlier world where all dreams, even foolish ones, can come true."[204]Italian writer Massimo Nicora wrote that the manga "can be interpreted as a type of book that criticizes, with irony, the omnipotence of science that pretends to solve every problem with its tools", alluding to the fact that Doraemon's gadgets often end up making the problems even worse than they initially were, more than anything else. He added that it represents "the metaphor of the childish imagination, which always manages to find the most bizarre and original solutions, in a continuous game of transformation of reality".[205]

Some critics considered that Nobita's flawed personality and modest background is different from the special or extraordinary characteristics usually seen in other typical anime and manga protagonists; this portrayal has been seen as reasons of its appeal as well as the contrary, especially in the United States.[184][197]According to theItalian Parents Movement(Moige), in the manga, "the lazy Nobita does not know any kind of appreciable evolution", though there are still good points including "the criticism of bullying, the goodness that transpires from the little Nobita and the positive figure of Shizuka".[206]

In his 2000 article, Leo Ching explained that the success ofDoraemonin Asia was because it had reflected the Asian values such as imagination and responsibility, the same reason thatOshin,another Japanese cultural export, became well-known there.[207]On the other hand, according to an analysis byAnne Allison,professor of cultural anthropology atDuke University,the strong point of it was not the variety of the gadgets, but the relationship between Doraemon and Nobita, which was particularly appreciated.[208]Jason Thompsonpraised the "silly situations" and "old fashioned, simple artwork", with Doraemon's expression and comments adding to the "surrounding elementary-school mischief".[47]On the manga's 50th anniversary, anop-edpublished onAsahi Shimbunstated that the manga "has already become a contemporary classic".[209]

Awards, accolades and public recognition[edit]

Doraemonhas received numerous accolades. It won theJapan Cartoonists Association Awardtwice in 1973 and 1994, the former for Excellence Award while the latter for Minister of Education, Science and Technology Award.[210][211]In 1982, it received the firstShogakukan Manga Awardfor children's manga.[212][213]In 1997, the manga won the Grand Prize at the firstTezuka Osamu Cultural Prize.[214]The 1979 series won the award from theJapanese Agency for Cultural Affairsfour times for best television series in 1984, 1985, 1988 and 1989.[215]

A 2006 poll among 80,000 Japanese fans for the 10th anniversary of theJapan Media Arts FestivalplacedDoraemonat fifth among the top ten best manga of all time.[216]The 2005 and 2006 surveys conducted by TV Asahi found theDoraemonanime ranked fifth and third, respectively, among the 100 most favorite anime series of all time.[217][218]In 2010, a survey conducted by researchers ofTokyo Polytechnic Universityfound that most responders consideredDoraemon,along withDragon Ballfranchise, to be the anime series that representsCool Japan.[219]In a 2013 survey,Doraemonwas found to be the best anime recommended for foreign people.[220]

Criticisms[edit]

Doraemonhas been blamed for having a negative impact on children, due to the controversial traits of the characters in the anime. The character has received criticism in China, where some media outlets considered Doraemon to be a politically subversive character and that it was a tool of Japan's "cultural invasion".[221][222][223]Some education groups in Taiwan demanded the anime to be banned, as the plot involve bullying which would encouragecampus bullying.[224]In 2016, a resolution to banHindidubbedDoraemonanime series was submitted in Pakistan.[225]Around the same time, legal notices were served against several companies in India, targetingDoraemonandCrayon Shin-chanfor bans (which did not materialize), as having an adverse effect on children.[225][226]Disney Channel India,the regional broadcaster of the anime, was banned in Bangladesh and Pakistan citing non-availability of localized dubs for content includingDoraemon.[227][228]

Cultural impact and legacy[edit]

A shuttle bus featuring Doraemon
Shuttle bus featuring Doraemon to Fujiko F. Fujio Museum inKawasaki
Doraemon at National Museum of Singapore
Doraemon atNational Museum of Singaporein October 2020

TheDoraemonmanga has inspired many othermangakas;these includeEiichiro Oda,the creator ofOne Piecewith the idea of "Devil Fruits",[229][230]andMasashi Kishimoto,the creator ofNaruto,who showed interest in drawing characters from anime shows during his childhood, including Doraemon.[231]The manga has also been mentioned inGin TamaandGreat Teacher Onizuka.[232][233]The character Doraemon is considered one of the cultural icons in Japan,[10][234]and one of the most well-known characters in manga history;[179]some critics compared his notability withMickey MouseandSnoopy.[235][236]Mark Schillingnoted that Doraemon's "Take-Copter" is familiar among Japanese people "just as Snoopy's biplane is familiar to most Americans".[237]

On April 22, 2002, on the special issue ofAsian HeroinTimemagazine,Doraemon was the only anime character to be named one of the twenty-two Asian Heroes, and was described as "The Cuddliest Hero in Asia".[238]A 2007 poll byOriconshown that Doraemon was the second-strongest manga character ever, behind onlySon GokuofDragon Ball.[239]Doraemon is also referred as something with the ability to satisfy all wishes.[205]

In 2005, the Taiwan Society of New York selectedDoraemonas a culturally significant work of Japaneseotakupop-culture in its exhibitLittle Boy: The Arts of Japan's Exploding Subculture,curated by renowned artistTakashi Murakami.[240]In 2008, theJapanese Ministry of Foreign Affairsappointed Doraemon as the first anime cultural ambassador;[241]a Ministry spokesperson explained the decision as an attempt to help people in other countries understand Japanese anime better and to deepen their interest in Japanese culture.[242]On September 3, 2012, Doraemon was granted official residence in the city ofKawasaki, Kanagawa,one hundred years before he was born.[243]In the same year,Hong Kongcelebrated the birthday of Doraemon 100 years early with a series of displays of the character.[244]In April 2013, Doraemon was chosen as Japan's ambassador inTokyo's bid to host the2020 Summer Olympicsand2020 Summer Paralympics.[245]He appeared in the2016 Summer Olympics closing ceremonyto promote the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.[246][247]

A Fujiko F. Fujio museum opened inKawasakion September 3, 2011, featuring Doraemon as the star of the museum.[248][249]TheNational Museum of Singaporeheld a time-travelling exhibition in October 2020 as a tribute to the manga.[250]After the2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami,Shogakukan released an earthquake survival guidebook, which included the main cast of theDoraemonmanga series.[251]TV Asahilaunched theDoraemon Fundcharity fund to raise money for natural disasters in 2004,[252]and in 2011.[253]In 2020, Mumbai's Sion Friends Circle group distributed food and books to kids using mascots, one being Doraemon, to help during theCOVID-19 pandemic.[254]In Vietnam, a Doraemon scholarship fund was established in 1996,[255]and the Doraemon character has been used for education of traffic safety.[256]Doraemon's creator, Fujiko F. Fujio, received the Culture Fighter Medal from theVietnamese Ministry of Culturein 1996 for his contributions to young education through the manga.[257]

Many prominent figures have been nicknamed after the cast ofDoraemon:politicianOsamu Fujimurais known as the "Doraemon of Nagatacho" due to his figure and warm personality,[258]and sumo wrestlerTakamisugiwas nicknamed "Doraemon" because of his resemblance to the character.[259]In 2015, a group of people in a drought-affected village in northern Thailand used a Doraemon toy to complete a rain-ritual, in order to avoid controversies that would occur by using real animals.[260]

AparodyofDoraemoncreated by Hikari Fujisaki, titledNozoemon(のぞえもん),was first serialized inNihon Bungeisha'sComic Heavenmagazine in September 2014, with the compiled book volume released on June 9, 2015; however, it was discontinued in August 2015 due to content issues.[261]

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^Doraemonlicensed merchandise sales:
    • Royalties (1979–1994) –¥15.3 billion($153 million)[175]
    • Japan (1999–2000, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010) –¥223.75 billion($2.549 billion)[187]
      • 1999 –¥84.21 billion[188]
      • 2000 –¥50 billion[189]
      • 2003 –¥30 billion[189]
      • 2005 –¥24.96 billion[190]
      • 2007 –¥17.6 billion[191]
      • 2010 –¥16.98 billion[192]
    • Worldwide (2015–2016) –$1.108 billion
      • 2015 –$557 million[193]
      • 2016 –$551 million[193]
    • Japan (2018–2019) –¥64.01 billion[194][195][196]($587 million)

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ab"Shogakukan-Shueisha Productions grants merchandise rights for beloved Doraemon franchise to Viz Media for Americas region".Viz Media.Archivedfrom the original on January 22, 2019.RetrievedJanuary 22,2019.
  2. ^Ong, Bang (August 28, 2015)."10 Asian heroes we worshipped while growing up".Stuff.Archivedfrom the original on January 22, 2019.RetrievedJanuary 22,2019.
  3. ^abcFujimoto's work.
  4. ^Fの sâm の bộ き phương[How to walk in the forest of F] (in Japanese). Tokyo:Shogakukan.2010. p. 3.ISBN9784091434340.
  5. ^abドラえもん hoàn toàn tác phẩm リスト cải đính nhị bản[Perfect data of the Doraemon] (in Japanese). Tokyo: NeoUtopia. 2000.
  6. ^IGN Staff (October 1, 1996)."Doraemon Creator Dies".IGN.Archivedfrom the original on June 18, 2013.RetrievedMay 25,2021.
  7. ^abSchilling 2004,p. 39
  8. ^"Đằng tử ・F・ bất nhị hùng (ふじこエフふじお)"[Fujiko F. Fujio].Doraemon Channel(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on December 22, 2012.RetrievedJune 4,2013.
  9. ^abMin Chew, Hui (December 23, 2014)."Why Doraemon is blue and 4 other things you might not have known about the cat robot".The Straits Times.Archivedfrom the original on July 5, 2015.RetrievedJanuary 18,2021.
  10. ^abcdSchodt 1999,p. 218
  11. ^Schodt 1999,pp. 217–218
  12. ^Pelliteri 2008,p. 200
  13. ^abFujio, Fujiko F. (September 1999).ドラえもんカラー tác phẩm tập 1[Doraemon Color Works 1] (in Japanese).Shogakukan.ISBN4091495710.Archivedfrom the original on March 28, 2016.RetrievedMarch 31,2018.For conception, see pp. 158–159.
  14. ^abcShiraishi 1997,p. 238
  15. ^Schilling 2004,p. 42
  16. ^Schodt 1999,p. 219
  17. ^Izawa, Eri (2000)."Environmentalism in Manga and Anime".MIT.Archivedfrom the original on May 26, 2001.RetrievedMay 25,2021.
  18. ^Arico, Giacomo (November 5, 2014)."Ambientalista e di sani valori: arriva al cinema Doraemon, il gatto robot creato da Fujio nel 1969"[Environmentalist and of healthy values: Doraemon, the robot cat created by Fujio in 1969, arrives at the cinema].Cameralook.it(in Italian).Archivedfrom the original on November 10, 2014.RetrievedJanuary 13,2022.
  19. ^abShiraishi 2000,pp. 292–293
  20. ^Schilling 2004,pp. 42–43
  21. ^An Nhiên (August 29, 2007).""Độ dài thời gian của vũ trụ" là yếu tố cơ bản để nhà văn Fujiko F Fujio sáng tác nên bộ truyện Đôrêmon? "[ "The length of time of the universe" is the basic factor for writer Fujiko F Fujio to create the Doraemon series?] (in Vietnamese).Kim Đồng Publishing House.Archived fromthe originalon December 24, 2007.RetrievedJune 1,2021.
  22. ^Peters 2002,pp. 104–105
  23. ^Peters 2002,pp. 105–107, 109
  24. ^abc"'Doraemon' fanatic boasts Ding Dong's 1,963 gadgets ".The Japan Times.April 3, 2004. Archived fromthe originalon January 29, 2009.RetrievedJune 4,2013.
  25. ^This meaning is explained by Nobita's father in"ぼくの sinh まれた nhật" [The Day I Was Born].ドラえもん 2[Doraemon 2] (in Japanese).Shogakukan(published August 26, 1974). September 1974. p. 56.ISBN4091400027.Archivedfrom the original on April 23, 2016.RetrievedJanuary 13,2022.
  26. ^"ぼく, ドラえもん đệ 4 hào"[I, Doraemon No. 4].Fujiko F. Fujio Wonderland(in Japanese). April 20, 2004.ASINB005NH6RU2.RetrievedMay 25,2021.
  27. ^abShiraishi 2000,p. 296
  28. ^Shiraishi 2000,pp. 292, 296–297
  29. ^abRogolino, Letizia (January 27, 2017)."Doraemon, 10 cose che (forse) sapete sul gatto robot che viaggia nel tempo"[Doraemon, 10 things you (maybe) don't know about the time-traveling robot cat].Movieplayer.it(in Italian).Archivedfrom the original on February 1, 2017.RetrievedMay 25,2021.
  30. ^Miller, Evan (May 30, 2007)."Author of False Doraemon Ending Issues Apology".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on June 1, 2007.RetrievedJune 1,2021.
  31. ^Guglielmino, Andrea (November 4, 2014)."L'afflato tragico di Doraemon"[The tragic inspiration of Doraemon].Cinecittà(in Italian).Archivedfrom the original on March 25, 2018.RetrievedMay 25,2021.
  32. ^Đằng tử ・F・ bất nhị hùng WORKS ドラえもんリスト[Fujiko F. Fujio Works Doraemon List] (in Japanese). Tokyo: NeoUtopia. 2019.
  33. ^"『てれびくん』 yết tái tác phẩm"[Works published in "Televi-kun" ].Coocan(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on October 17, 2018.RetrievedOctober 16,2018.
  34. ^S. Yada, Jason (October 2009).The Rough Guide to Manga.Rough Guides.pp. 114–115.ISBN978-1-85828-561-0.
  35. ^Loveridge, Lynzee (February 18, 2017)."Doraemon Figure Recreates His 1st Corocoro Comic Cover".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on February 20, 2017.RetrievedMarch 31,2018.
  36. ^Fujio, Fujiko F.(July 31, 1974).ドラえもん 1[Doraemon 1] (in Japanese).Shogakukan.ISBN4091400019.Archivedfrom the original on April 15, 2016.RetrievedMarch 31,2018.
  37. ^Fujio, Fujiko F. (May 1996).ドラえもん 45[Doraemon 45] (in Japanese).Shogakukan(published April 26, 1996).ISBN4091416659.Archivedfrom the original on May 25, 2020.RetrievedMarch 31,2018.
  38. ^"ぼくドラえもん! “ドラえもん văn khố” khai thiết "[I, Doraemon! "Doraemon Bunko" opens] (in Japanese). Toyama Brand. April 7, 2004.Archivedfrom the original on October 4, 2018.RetrievedOctober 3,2018.
  39. ^Fujio, Fujiko F. (April 2005).ドラえもん プラス 1[Doraemon Plus 1] (in Japanese).Shogakukan.ISBN4091433014.Archivedfrom the original on April 1, 2018.RetrievedMarch 31,2018.
  40. ^Fujio, Fujiko F. (March 2006).ドラえもん プラス 5[Doraemon Plus 5] (in Japanese).Shogakukan.ISBN4091433057.Archivedfrom the original on April 1, 2018.RetrievedMarch 31,2018.
  41. ^Ressler, Karen (November 15, 2014)."1st Doraemon Manga Volume in 8 Years Ships in December".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2014.RetrievedDecember 24,2014.
  42. ^Fujio, Fujiko F. (October 2006).ドラえもんカラー tác phẩm tập 6[Doraemon Color Works 6] (in Japanese).Shogakukan.ISBN4091402488.Archivedfrom the original on December 16, 2018.RetrievedMarch 31,2018.
  43. ^Fujio, Fujiko F. (July 24, 2009).Đằng tử ・Ｆ・ bất nhị hùng đại toàn tập ドラえもん １[Doraemon: The Complete Collection of Fujiko F. Fujio 1] (in Japanese).Shogakukan.ISBN9784091434036.Archivedfrom the original on January 15, 2013.RetrievedJanuary 5,2015.
  44. ^Fujio, Fujiko F. (September 2012).Đằng tử ・Ｆ・ bất nhị hùng đại toàn tập ドラえもん ２０[Doraemon: The Complete Collection of Fujiko F. Fujio 20] (in Japanese).Shogakukan(published September 25, 2012).ISBN9784091435019.Archivedfrom the original on January 13, 2015.RetrievedJanuary 5,2015.
  45. ^Sherman, Jennifer (November 9, 2019)."1st Doraemon Manga Volume in 23 Years Features 6 Versions of 1st Chapter".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on November 8, 2019.RetrievedNovember 14,2020.
  46. ^ab"Tiểu học quán イングリッシュコミックス"[Shogakukan English Comics] (in Japanese).Shogakukan.Archivedfrom the original on October 19, 2016.RetrievedOctober 16,2016.
  47. ^abThompson, Jason(2007).Manga: The Complete Guide.Del Rey Books. pp. 85–86.ISBN978-0-345-48590-8.
  48. ^"Đa lạp A mộng anh hán song ngữ tinh hoa bổn 1"[Doraemon English-Chinese Bilingual Essence Book 1] (in Chinese). 21st Century Publishing House. Archived fromthe originalon August 3, 2019.RetrievedDecember 1,2018.
  49. ^"Đa lạp A mộng anh văn bản ( trung anh đối chiếu )(01)"[Doraemon English Version (Chinese and English) (01)] (in Chinese).Chingwin Publishing Group.Archivedfrom the original on January 27, 2021.RetrievedMay 5,2021.
  50. ^Loveridge, Lynzee (July 28, 2013)."Classic Kids' Manga Doraemon Coming to N. America Digitally".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on December 3, 2013.RetrievedDecember 4,2013.
  51. ^ab"DORAEMON Vol.1 [Kindle Edition]".Shogakukan.November 22, 2013.ASINB00GTG4776.Archivedfrom the original on November 20, 2018.RetrievedDecember 4,2013.
  52. ^"DORAEMON vol.200 [Kindle Edition]".Shogakukan.March 3, 2016.ASINB01CJ34UA6.Archivedfrom the original on January 13, 2022.RetrievedJanuary 13,2022.
  53. ^Uehara, Yoshihisa; Ohara, Atsushi (November 23, 2013)."English version of 'Doraemon' to enter North American market".Asahi Shimbun.Archived fromthe originalon December 3, 2013.RetrievedDecember 4,2013.
  54. ^Fujio, Fujiko F. (August 27, 2014).Doraemon 1.Shogakukan Asia.ISBN978-981-09-0310-7.Archivedfrom the original on January 13, 2016.RetrievedJune 3,2021.
  55. ^Fujio, Fujiko F. (November 26, 2014).Doraemon 4.Shogakukan Asia.ISBN978-981-09-0313-8.Archivedfrom the original on October 12, 2016.RetrievedOctober 16,2016.
  56. ^Chapman, Paul (July 16, 2015).""Doraemon" Begins Digital Distribution in Japan ".Crunchyroll.Archivedfrom the original on April 24, 2016.RetrievedApril 17,2016.
  57. ^Fujio, Fujiko F. (November 28, 1983).Đại trường biên ドラえもん1 のび thái の khủng long[Doraemon Long Stories 1: Nobita's Dinosaur]. Shogakukan.ISBN4-09-140602-5.Archivedfrom the original on March 31, 2016.RetrievedMarch 5,2022.
  58. ^Fujiko F. Fujio Pro (August 27, 2004).Đại trường biên ドラえもん24 のび thái のワンニャン thời không vân[Doraemon Long Stories 24: Nobita in the Wan-Nyan Spacetime Odyssey]. Shogakukan.ISBN4-09-142864-9.Archivedfrom the original on April 26, 2019.RetrievedMarch 5,2022.
  59. ^Tanaka, Michiaki (1996).ザ☆ドラえもんズ 1[The Doraemons 1] (in Japanese).Shogakukan.ISBN4-09-142401-5.Archivedfrom the original on January 12, 2022.RetrievedJanuary 12,2022– viaNational Diet Library.
  60. ^Tanaka, Michiaki (2001).ザ・ドラえもんズ đệ 6 quyển[The Doraemons 6] (in Japanese).Shogakukan.ISBN4-09-142406-6.Archivedfrom the original on January 12, 2022.RetrievedJanuary 12,2022– viaNational Diet Library.
  61. ^Miyazaki, Masaru; Mitani, Yukihiro (1997).ザ☆ドラえもんズスペシャル 1[The Doraemons Special 1] (in Japanese).Shogakukan.ISBN4-09-149301-7.Archivedfrom the original on January 12, 2022.RetrievedJanuary 12,2022– viaNational Diet Library.
  62. ^Miyazaki, Masaru; Mitani, Yukihiro (2002).ザ☆ドラえもんズスペシャル 12[The Doraemons Special 12] (in Japanese).Shogakukan.ISBN4-09-149692-X.Archivedfrom the original on January 12, 2022.RetrievedJanuary 12,2022– viaNational Diet Library.
  63. ^Mitani, Yukihiro (1999).ザ☆ドラえもんズスペシャル ロボット dưỡng thành học giáo biên[The Doraemons Special Robot Training School Edition] (in Japanese).Shogakukan.ISBN4-09-149531-1.Archivedfrom the original on January 12, 2022.RetrievedJanuary 12,2022– viaNational Diet Library.
  64. ^Miyazaki, Masaru; Mitani, Yukihiro (2003).ザ☆ドラえもんズスペシャル ロボット dưỡng thành học giáo biên 3[The Doraemons Special Robot Training School Edition 3] (in Japanese).Shogakukan.ISBN4-09-149533-8.Archivedfrom the original on January 12, 2022.RetrievedJanuary 12,2022– viaNational Diet Library.
  65. ^Shintarō, Mugiwara (May 2001).ドラベース ドラえもん siêu dã cầu (スーパーベースボール) ngoại vân １[Dorabase: Doraemon Super Baseball Gaiden 1] (in Japanese).Shogakukan(published April 26, 2001).ISBN4091428517.Archivedfrom the original on August 9, 2020.RetrievedJanuary 12,2022.
  66. ^Shintarō, Mugiwara (November 2011).ドラベース ドラえもん siêu dã cầu ( スーパーベースボール ) ngoại vân ２３[Dorabase: Doraemon Super Baseball Gaiden 23] (in Japanese).Shogakukan(published October 28, 2011).ISBN9784091413468.Archivedfrom the original on March 6, 2021.RetrievedJanuary 12,2022.
  67. ^NeoUtopia No.50(in Japanese). Tokyo: NeoUtopia. 2010. p. 30.
  68. ^"Đặc tập nhật bổn テレビ bản ドラえもん"[Special feature Nippon TV version Doraemon].Fujiko Fujio FC Neo Utopia(in Japanese).43:10–18. January 2007.
  69. ^abc"Information on Works (Series) - ドラえもん"(in Japanese).Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs.Archived fromthe originalon April 2, 2019.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  70. ^abcMasami, Jun."Chân tá mỹ ジュンのドラえもん thời đại"[Jun Masami's Doraemon era] (in Japanese). NipponTeleAnima Labor Union.Archivedfrom the original on September 11, 2016.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  71. ^Kenji 2008,pp. 61–63
  72. ^Oohata, T."Chân tá mỹ ジュンさんに văn く"[Interview with Jun Masami].Anime Old Doraemon Great Research(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on January 15, 2007.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  73. ^Kenji 2008,p. 45
  74. ^Kenji 2008,pp. 41–45, 120–127
  75. ^Kenji 2008,pp. 29–32
  76. ^Brubaker, Charles (May 28, 2013)."The Strange Case of the 1973" Doraemon "Series".Cartoon Research.Archivedfrom the original on July 3, 2013.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  77. ^ab"Information on Works (Series) - ドラえもん［ tân ］"(in Japanese). Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs. Archived fromthe originalon July 5, 2019.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  78. ^abNeoUtopia No.50(in Japanese). Tokyo: NeoUtopia. 2010. p. 30.
  79. ^Interview with Eiichi Nakamura in the book attached withDoraemon Time Machine BOX 1979DVD collection, released by Warner Home Video in 2009."ドラえもん タイムマシンBOX 1979"[Doraemon Time Machine BOX 1979] (in Japanese). Surugaya.Archivedfrom the original on July 6, 2019.RetrievedJuly 6,2019.
  80. ^ab"Đông áo ・ đệ 59 hồi đông áo thưởng"[Tō-Ō / 59th Tō-Ō Award].Tō-Ō Nippō(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on August 12, 2018.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  81. ^ab"Cựu tửu tân bình? Nùng hậu dã"[Old Wine In New Bottle? It's Rich] (in Chinese). Hong Kong Independent Media Network. February 25, 2009.Archivedfrom the original on August 16, 2016.RetrievedJune 9,2016.
  82. ^"TV アニメ ドラえもん"(in Japanese). Allcinema.Archivedfrom the original on May 18, 2004.RetrievedMarch 30,2018.
  83. ^"TV bản ドラえもんVol. 1 - Blu-ray/DVD"(in Japanese).Toho.Archivedfrom the original on March 31, 2018.RetrievedMarch 30,2018.
  84. ^"The all-new" Doraemon "premieres on TV Asahi with an hour-long special and more".The Japan Times.April 10, 2005.Archivedfrom the original on April 28, 2016.RetrievedApril 16,2016.
  85. ^"NEW TV bản ドラえもんシリーズ"[Doraemon series NEW TV version] (in Japanese).Toho.Archivedfrom the original on October 18, 2014.RetrievedJuly 7,2019.
  86. ^"NEW TV bản ドラえもんvol. 1 “タイムマシンがなくなった!!” ほか toàn 5 thoại ＋ミニシアター "[Doraemon NEW TV Version Vol. 1 "The Time Machine is Gone!!" and 5 other episodes + mini theater] (in Japanese).Toho.Archivedfrom the original on July 6, 2019.RetrievedJuly 7,2019.
  87. ^Hongo, Jun (May 9, 2014)."Japanese Anime Star Doraemon Finally Makes U.S. Debut".The Wall Street Journal.Archivedfrom the original on April 20, 2016.RetrievedApril 16,2016.
  88. ^Kagawa, Marcie (June 25, 2014)."Doraemon hitting U.S. airwaves this summer".The Japan Times.Archivedfrom the original on April 28, 2016.RetrievedApril 16,2016.
  89. ^"Doraemon plans to make US debut this summer".Nikkey Shimbun.May 9, 2014.Archivedfrom the original on May 23, 2014.RetrievedApril 16,2016.
  90. ^Loo, Egan (May 11, 2014)."Doraemon Anime's Visual & Script Changes for U.S. TV Detailed".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on May 13, 2014.RetrievedApril 16,2016.
  91. ^Kagawa, Marcie (July 9, 2014)."Doraemon charms U.S. viewers in first remake for a foreign market".The Japan Times.Archivedfrom the original on April 27, 2016.RetrievedApril 16,2016.
  92. ^Loo, Egan (January 30, 2016)."Disney XD's Doraemon Adaptation to Run in Japan With Bilingual Tracks".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on January 31, 2016.RetrievedMay 31,2021.
  93. ^ab"Doraemon ドラえもん".TV Asahi.Archivedfrom the original on January 1, 2020.RetrievedAugust 13,2018.
  94. ^Yasuyuki, Yokoyama (December 10, 2012)."Celebrating Exactly 100 Years Before Doraemon's Birthday".Nippon.com.Nippon Communications Foundation.Archivedfrom the original on December 13, 2012.RetrievedAugust 13,2018.
  95. ^Cabuag, VG (August 1, 2015)."Makers of Doraemon to push the Japanese character in Philippines".Business Mirror.Archivedfrom the original on March 30, 2018.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  96. ^"Hungama TV to launch Indian superhero show 'Hero'".Afaqs.May 5, 2005.Archivedfrom the original on April 9, 2017.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  97. ^Hạ Chinh (November 12, 2009)."Kinh doanh phim hoạt hình Nhật và hình ảnh nhân vật - Từ nay phải có bản quyền"[Carrying Japanese anime and characters on business - from now, copyright must be obtained].Sài Gòn Giải Phóng(in Vietnamese).Archivedfrom the original on November 14, 2020.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  98. ^"Doraemon đã chính thức đến với các bạn trẻ Việt Nam"[Doraemon has officially come to Vietnamese young people] (in Vietnamese). VietNamNet. December 28, 2009.Archivedfrom the original on April 2, 2011.RetrievedOctober 21,2020.
  99. ^Shiraishi 2000,pp. 301, 304
  100. ^"Catalogue / DORAEMON".LUK International.Archivedfrom the original on November 29, 2016.RetrievedNovember 29,2016.
  101. ^"Doraemon, El Gato Cósmico (1979)".El Doblaje(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on January 30, 2008.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  102. ^Clement, Stéphane."Doraemon".Planète Jeunesse(in French).Archivedfrom the original on May 28, 2014.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  103. ^"Popular anime Doraemon retorna à TV aberta no Brasil"[Popular anime Doraemon returns to television broadcast in Brazil].Mundo-Nipo(in Portuguese). January 6, 2019.Archivedfrom the original on January 12, 2019.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  104. ^"Doraemon alcanza excelentes resultados en Caracol"[Doraemon achieves excellent results in Caracol].Produ(in Spanish). December 2, 2003.Archivedfrom the original on July 5, 2019.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  105. ^de Prensa, Comunicado (July 2, 2015)."Llegan a Chile capítulos exclusivos de Doraemon"[Exclusive Doraemon episodes arrive in Chile].BioBioChile(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on July 5, 2019.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  106. ^Ngát Ngọc (August 12, 2017)."Việt Nam có bản quyền phim hoạt hình 'Doraemon' trên YouTube đầu tiên"[Vietnam first to have the copyright of 'Doraemon' anime on YouTube].Thanh Niên(in Vietnamese).Archivedfrom the original on November 14, 2020.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  107. ^abcdClements, Jonathan; McCarthy, Helen (2006).The Anime Encyclopedia, Revised & Expanded Edition: A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917.Stone Bridge Press. p. 158.ISBN978-1-61172-515-5.
  108. ^Schilling 2004,p. 43
  109. ^Boon Chan (June 8, 2016)."Movie review: The comforting charms of Doraemon".The Straits Times.Archivedfrom the original on June 8, 2016.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  110. ^abKomatsu, Mikikazu (August 19, 2014)."3DCG Film" Stand By Me Doraemon "to be Released in 21 Regions/Countries".Crunchyroll.Archivedfrom the original on August 22, 2014.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  111. ^"“ドラえもん” が sơ の3DCG ánh họa hóa lai hạ công khai へ "[ "Doraemon" will be released as the first 3DCG movie next summer].Oricon News(in Japanese). November 14, 2013.Archivedfrom the original on August 13, 2014.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  112. ^"3DCG『ドラえもん』, đằng tử ・F・ bất nhị hùng tiên sinh も tri らなかった vật ngữ"[3DCG "Doraemon", a story that Fujiko F. Fujio didn't even know].Oricon News(in Japanese). August 16, 2014.Archivedfrom the original on August 19, 2014.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  113. ^"Stand by Me Doraemon".Box Office Mojo.IMDb.Archivedfrom the original on September 7, 2020.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  114. ^Mateo, Alex (October 7, 2020)."Stand By Me Doraemon 2 CG Film's Trailer Reveals Masaki Suda's Song, November 20 Debut".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on October 9, 2020.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  115. ^"2112 niên ドラえもん đản sinh"[2112: The Birth of Doraemon].Eiga.com(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on January 24, 2013.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  116. ^"Ánh họa のび thái の kết hôn tiền dạ: Tác phẩm tình báo"[Doraemon: Nobita's the Night Before a Wedding: Work Information].Eiga.com(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on January 23, 2013.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  117. ^"ぼくの sinh まれた nhật: Tác phẩm tình báo"[The Day When I Was Born: Work Information].Eiga.com(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on January 26, 2013.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  118. ^"おばあちゃんの tư い xuất: Tác phẩm tình báo"[Doraemon: A Grandmother's Recollections: Work Information].Eiga.com(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on June 27, 2013.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  119. ^"ドラえもん ぼく đào thái lang のなんなのさ: Tác phẩm tình báo"[What Am I for Momotaro: Work Information].Eiga.com(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on January 25, 2013.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  120. ^"WEBアニメスタイル canh tân tình báo とミニニュース"[WEB Anime Style Update Information and Mini News].WEB Anime Style(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on September 28, 2019.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  121. ^"Tạp chí ぼくドラえもん13"[Magazine I, Doraemon 13].Fujiko F. Fujio Wonderland(in Japanese). September 3, 2004.RetrievedJune 4,2021.
  122. ^Dennison, Kara (October 30, 2018)."Doraemon Prepares to Buddy up with Cop Drama AIBOU".Crunchyroll.Archivedfrom the original on March 6, 2019.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  123. ^"テレビアニメ phóng tống 40 chu niên ký niệm ドラえもん うたのコレクション"[TV Anime Broadcast 40th Anniversary Doraemon Uta Collection] (in Japanese).Nippon Columbia.Archivedfrom the original on March 12, 2010.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  124. ^"Information on Works (Series) ドラえもん［ tân ・ đệ 2 kỳ ］".Media Art Database(in Japanese). Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs.Archivedfrom the original on April 2, 2019.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  125. ^Sawada, Kan."ドラえもん"[Doraemon].Kan Sawada Official Website(in Japanese). Archived fromthe originalon August 15, 2015.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  126. ^"ドラえもん｜テレビ triều nhật"(in Japanese). TV Asahi.Archivedfrom the original on April 15, 2005.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  127. ^"ドラえもんOPテーマついに tân khúc に giao đại, ca は hạ xuyên りみ"[Doraemon OP theme finally changed to a new song, the song of Rimi Natsukawa].Ratelog(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on December 15, 2005.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  128. ^"スタッフ＆ thanh の xuất diễn giả"[Staff & voice performers] (in Japanese).TV Asahi.Archivedfrom the original on March 18, 2013.RetrievedJuly 6,2019.
  129. ^"Tinh dã nguyên “ドラえもん” tân オープニング khúc に! "[Gen Hoshino's "Doraemon" New Opening Song!] (in Japanese).TV Asahi.September 6, 2019.Archivedfrom the original on November 17, 2020.RetrievedNovember 17,2020.
  130. ^"パチソン ドラえもんのうた のぶ đại ドラ カセットテープ"[Pachison Doraemon no Uta Nobuyo Dora Cassette Tape] (in Japanese).Rakuten.Archivedfrom the original on November 17, 2020.RetrievedNovember 17,2020.
  131. ^"ドラえもん ánh họa chủ đề ca tập ~ vân がゆくのは"[Doraemon movie theme songbook ~ Kumo ga Yuku no Wa].ASINB00005MX5J.Archivedfrom the original on November 17, 2020.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  132. ^"ドラえもん"[Doraemon].Music Store(in Japanese). RecoChoku Co., Ltd.Archivedfrom the original on November 17, 2020.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  133. ^"ドラえもん Sound Track History～ cúc trì tuấn phụ âm lặc tập ～"[Doraemon Sound Track History ~ Shunsuke Kikuchi Music Collection ~].ASINB00005HQSK.Archivedfrom the original on March 7, 2007.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  134. ^"ドラえもん サウンドトラックヒストリー２"[Doraemon Soundtrack History 2] (in Japanese).Billboard Japan.Archivedfrom the original on January 11, 2015.RetrievedNovember 17,2020.
  135. ^"Ánh họa ドラえもん のび thái の vũ trụ anh hùng ký オリジナル・サウンドトラック＆モア ánh họa ドラえもんサウンドトラックヒストリー３"[Doraemon: Nobita's Space Heroes Movie Original Soundtrack & More Movie Doraemon Sound Track History 3] (in Japanese).Billboard Japan.Archivedfrom the original on July 14, 2016.RetrievedNovember 17,2020.
  136. ^"Play of the month: Shoji Kokami".Performing Arts Network Japan.September 30, 2008.Archivedfrom the original on April 19, 2018.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  137. ^"Vũ đài bản ドラえもん のび thái とアニマル hoặc tinh"[Doraemon: Nobita and the Animal Planet stage version].Third Stage(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on December 30, 2008.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  138. ^Loo, Egan (February 4, 2017)."1st Doraemon Stage Play in 9 Years Unveils Visual".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on February 5, 2017.RetrievedFebruary 9,2021.
  139. ^ab"Vũ đài bản ドラえもん のび thái とアニマル hoặc tinh"[Doraemon: Nobita and the Animal Planet stage version].Third Stage(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on April 20, 2017.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  140. ^Dennison, Kara (December 28, 2016).""Doraemon" Takes to the Stage in "Nobita and the Animal Planet"".Crunchyroll.Archivedfrom the original on December 29, 2016.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  141. ^Loo, Egan (December 27, 2016)."Doraemon Stage Play Returns After 9 Years".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on December 28, 2016.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  142. ^Morgan, Rik."Bandai Dokodemo Dorayaki Doraemon".Handheld Museum.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2004.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  143. ^"ドラえもん".Media Arts Database(in Japanese). Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs.Archivedfrom the original on May 30, 2016.RetrievedMay 28,2021.
  144. ^"Japan Platinum Game Chart".The Magic Box.Archivedfrom the original on March 3, 2016.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  145. ^"“セガコンシューマ tân tác phát biểu hội 2007Autumn” で phát biểu された tối tân タイトルSSを đại công khai "[The latest title SS announced at "SEGA Consumer New Release 2007 Autumn" is released to the public].Dengeki Online(in Japanese). September 14, 2007.Archivedfrom the original on December 18, 2007.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  146. ^Romano, Sal (June 22, 2017)."Taiko Drum Master: Session de Dodon ga Don! first details, screenshots".Gematsu.Archivedfrom the original on June 23, 2017.RetrievedJune 3,2021.
  147. ^"Doraemon Story of Seasons launches June 13 in Japan, first trailer and details".Gematsu.April 2, 2019.Archivedfrom the original on April 2, 2019.RetrievedJanuary 22,2021.
  148. ^"Doraemon Story of Seasons for PS4 coming west on September 4".Gematsu.April 23, 2020.Archivedfrom the original on April 26, 2020.RetrievedJanuary 22,2021.
  149. ^"Dorainfo"(in Japanese). Epoch Co., Ltd.Archivedfrom the original on October 30, 2007.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  150. ^"UNOに tân ルール コラボカードが nhất cử に3つ đăng tràng “ドラえもん” “ドラゴンボール” “ワンピース” の thế giới quan を phản ánh "[Three new rule collaboration cards appear in UNO at once, reflecting the world view of "Doraemon", "Dragon Ball" and "One Piece" ].Print & Promotion(in Japanese). September 30, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 21, 2016.RetrievedMay 26,2021.
  151. ^"Doraemon Business Department".ShoPro.Archivedfrom the original on December 6, 2010.RetrievedJanuary 14,2022.
  152. ^abcShiraishi 1997,p. 240
  153. ^Benson, Anya (March 9, 2015)."The utopia of suburbia: the unchanging past and limitless future in Doraemon".Japan Forum.27(2): 235–256.doi:10.1080/09555803.2015.1015597.S2CID143711601.See especially p. 243.
  154. ^"ドラえもんとハローキティが mộng のコラボ “どこでもドア” から nhất tự に đăng tràng "[Doraemon and Hello Kitty appear together from the dream collaboration "Anywhere Door" ].アニメ! アニメ!(in Japanese). July 22, 2015.Archivedfrom the original on July 24, 2015.RetrievedJanuary 14,2022.
  155. ^"Baby All Star N Doraemon Z"(in Japanese).Converse.Archived fromthe originalon February 12, 2016.RetrievedJanuary 14,2022.
  156. ^"Doraemon Limited Edition Collection".Moleskine.Archivedfrom the original on June 14, 2018.RetrievedJanuary 14,2022.
  157. ^"ESP X Doraemon".ESP Guitars.Archivedfrom the original on September 3, 2013.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  158. ^"UNIQLO Presents Doraemon UT Featuring Works by Master Contemporary Artist Takashi Murakami"(Press release).Uniqlo.May 9, 2018. Archived fromthe originalon May 24, 2018.RetrievedJanuary 14,2022.
  159. ^"“Jack Bunny!!” と nhân khí キャラクター “ドラえもん” とのコラボがパワーアップして đăng tràng! サングラスをしたドラえもんアイテムなど hạn định phẩm が phát mại 8 nguyệt 9 nhật ( kim )からは “ドラえもん tế り” を khai thôi! "[A collaboration between "Jack Bunny!!" and the popular character "Doraemon" has been enhanced! Limited items such as Doraemon items wearing sunglasses will be on sale. The "Doraemon Festival" will be held from August 9th (Friday)!] (in Japanese). PR Times. August 5, 2019.Archivedfrom the original on November 2, 2021.RetrievedNovember 2,2021.
  160. ^"ゴルフアパレルブランド “Jack Bunny!!” から, いつものゴルフを “ドラえもん” と lặc しく quá ごせるコラボアイテムが kim niên も đăng tràng! Phát mại を ký niệm して8 nguyệt 7 nhật ( kim )からは “ドラえもん tế り” を khai thôi! "[From the golf apparel brand "Jack Bunny!!", collaboration items that allow you to enjoy your usual golf with "Doraemon" will be released this year as well! To commemorate the release, the "Doraemon Festival" will be held from August 7th (Friday)!] (in Japanese). PR Times. July 31, 2020.Archivedfrom the original on November 5, 2021.RetrievedNovember 2,2021.
  161. ^"“DORAEMON JackBunny!! FESTIVAL'21” 8/6( kim )～の8/22( nhật ) khai thôi! "[ "DORAEMON Jack Bunny!! FESTIVAL'21" will be held from August 6th (Friday) to August 22nd (Sunday)!] (in Japanese). PR Times. August 4, 2021.Archivedfrom the original on November 5, 2021.RetrievedNovember 2,2021.
  162. ^"ドラえもん50 chu niên 『マミーポコパンツ』ハッピーデザイン"[Doraemon 50th Anniversary "MamiPoko Pants" Happy Design] (in Japanese). Fujiko Pro. May 14, 2021.Archivedfrom the original on November 3, 2021.RetrievedNovember 2,2021.
  163. ^"“LINE POP2” に “ドラえもん” たちが đăng tràng! 『 ánh họa ドラえもん のび thái の bảo đảo 』とコラボレーション khai thủy! "[ "Doraemon" and others have appeared in "LINE POP2"! Collaboration with "Doraemon: Nobita's Treasure Island" has started!] (in Japanese). PR Times. March 20, 2018.Archivedfrom the original on November 5, 2021.RetrievedNovember 2,2021.
  164. ^"【 truy ký: 3/6】 “Ánh họa ドラえもん のび thái の tân khủng long” と “モンスト” のコラボイベントを3/6 ( kim ) より kỳ gian hạn định で khai thôi! ドラえもん, のび thái, しずか, ジャイアン, スネ phu がモンストに đăng tràng! "[[Addition: 3/6] A collaboration event between "Movie Doraemon Nobita's New Dinosaur" and "Monster Strike" will be held for a limited time from March 6th (Friday)! Doraemon, Nobita, Shizuka, Gian, and Suneo appear in Monster Strike!] (in Japanese). XFLAG. February 28, 2020.Archivedfrom the original on November 22, 2021.RetrievedNovember 2,2021.
  165. ^Stenbuck, Kite (November 1, 2021)."Granblue Fantasy Doraemon Crossover Will Appear in December 2021".Siliconera.Archivedfrom the original on November 17, 2021.RetrievedNovember 2,2021.
  166. ^"Granblue Fantasy announces Doraemon collab for December".GamerBraves. October 31, 2021.Archivedfrom the original on November 5, 2021.RetrievedNovember 2,2021.
  167. ^"Viz Media announces new officially licensed collectables and apparel based on the celebrated anime property Doraemon".Viz Media.Archivedfrom the original on July 6, 2016.RetrievedJanuary 14,2022.
  168. ^"McDonald's hopes to make kids happy — by teaming up with Japan's favorite blue friend Doraemon!".SoraNews24.March 14, 2015.Archivedfrom the original on June 14, 2018.RetrievedJanuary 14,2022.
  169. ^"Doraemon - the gadget cat from the future!".Viz Media Europe.Archived fromthe originalon September 21, 2016.RetrievedJanuary 14,2022.
  170. ^"Licensing & Promotions / DORAEMON".LUK International.Archivedfrom the original on July 18, 2018.RetrievedJanuary 14,2022.
  171. ^"Cool Japan Initiative"(PDF).METI.July 2015. p. 3.Archived(PDF)from the original on March 28, 2016.RetrievedJanuary 14,2022.
  172. ^Denny, Mac (November 20, 2011)."Toyota Introduces Increasingly Impressive Cast for Live-Action Doraemon Commercials".SoraNews24.Archivedfrom the original on August 5, 2018.RetrievedJanuary 14,2022.
  173. ^Loo, Egan (July 15, 2012)."Jean Reno Goes to Olympics as Doraemon in New Live-Action Ad – News".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on November 8, 2012.RetrievedJanuary 31,2013.
  174. ^abSchilling, Mark (1993)."Doraemon: Making Dreams Come True"(PDF).Japan Quarterly.40(4): 405–417.
  175. ^abSchodt 1999,p. 217
  176. ^Ressler, Karen (February 15, 2018)."Japan's Animation TV Ranking, February 5–11".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on February 16, 2018.RetrievedMay 27,2021.Doraemon... Average Household Rating: 8.3
  177. ^Sekiguchi, Toko (March 26, 2013)."Godzilla Loses Top Spot to Kittybot Doraemon".The Wall Street Journal.Archivedfrom the original on March 30, 2013.RetrievedMarch 26,2013.
  178. ^Blair, Gavin J. (April 6, 2015)."Japan Box Office: 'Doraemon' Anime Still All-Conquering".The Hollywood Reporter.Archivedfrom the original on May 28, 2015.RetrievedMay 28,2015.
  179. ^abShiraishi 1997,p. 234
  180. ^Shiraishi 1997,pp. 264–265, 268–269
  181. ^McCurry, Justin (June 3, 2015)."Japanese robot cat Doraemon helps ease diplomatic tensions with China".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on July 22, 2016.RetrievedJuly 18,2016.
  182. ^Shiraishi 1997,p. 267
  183. ^Cooper-Chen, Anne (2010).Cartoon Cultures: The Globalization of Japanese Popular Media.Peter Lang. p. 85.ISBN978-1433103681.
  184. ^abIwamoto, Tetsuo (September 3, 2012)."Happy birthday! Doraemon will be born 100 years from today".Asahi Shimbun.Archived fromthe originalon January 24, 2015.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  185. ^Easton, Yukari (August 31, 2016)."Tokyo 2020 and Japan's Soft Power".The Diplomat.Archivedfrom the original on September 2, 2016.RetrievedNovember 18,2020.
  186. ^"ドラえもん, đản sinh ５０ chu niên にビックリ tân khan! “Đệ ０ quyển” ２７ nhật phát mại "[Doraemon, surprise new publication on the 50th anniversary! "Volume 0" released on the 27th of November].サンスポ(in Japanese). Sankei Digital, Inc. November 27, 2019.RetrievedMarch 30,2022.
  187. ^"Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) - Japan".World Bank.2010. Archived fromthe originalon September 26, 2018.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  188. ^Tsukada, Yuko (September 7, 2001)."Action! Report No.3: Thị tràng hoàn cảnh を điều べる"[Action! Report No.3: Examine the market environment].クリエイターのための tự 営 học[Self-employment studies for creators] (in Japanese). Creative Work Station /Asuka Publishing.ISBN4756911501.Archived fromthe originalon April 20, 2021.RetrievedSeptember 7,2018.
  189. ^abMarket Share in Japan.Yano Research Institute. 2005. p. 18.Archivedfrom the original on November 20, 2018.RetrievedSeptember 6,2018.7 | Doraemon | 500... 8 | Doraemon | 300
  190. ^"Nhật bổn のアニメ・マンガを thủ り quyển く trạng huống"[The situation surrounding Japanese animation and manga](PDF)(in Japanese).Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.March 6, 2007. pp. 25–26. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on March 18, 2013.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  191. ^"キャラクターが nhật bổn を cứu う"[Characters Save Japan].NTTCom Online Marketing Solutions(in Japanese).NTT Communications.January 26, 2009. Archived fromthe originalon April 15, 2014.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  192. ^コンテンツ2 thứ lợi dụng thị tràng ( ライセンス thị tràng ) に hệ る cạnh tranh hoàn cảnh cập び hải ngoại thị tràng động hướng thật thái điều tra[Research on the competitive environment and overseas market trends in the secondary content use market (licensing market)](PDF)(in Japanese).Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry(METI). 2011. pp. 22–23. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on January 5, 2013.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  193. ^ab"Top 20 Preschool Properties in the $12.8 Billion Industry".The Licensing Letter.July 17, 2017.Archivedfrom the original on June 23, 2018.RetrievedSeptember 6,2018.
  194. ^"Content Tokyo 2020 》Vtuber, dịch tình trung trọng tố phẩm bài, dĩ AI sang tác, nhật bổn nội dung sản nghiệp nhiệt nghị đích 3 kiện sự"[Content Tokyo 2020 》Vtuber, Rebranding During the Epidemic, Creating With AI, 3 Things That Are Hotly Discussed in the Japanese Content Industry].Central News Agency(in Chinese). December 30, 2020. Archived fromthe originalon January 8, 2021.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  195. ^CharaBiz DATA 2019(18)(in Japanese). Character Databank. May 2019. Archived fromthe originalon February 8, 2021.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  196. ^CharaBiz DATA 2020(19)(in Japanese). Character Databank. May 2020. Archived fromthe originalon January 27, 2021.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  197. ^abThomas, Russell (February 1, 2020)."Back to the future: The world celebrates the 50th anniversary of Doraemon".The Japan Times.Archivedfrom the original on February 2, 2020.RetrievedJanuary 23,2022.
  198. ^Shiraishi 2000,p. 288
  199. ^Giao Hưởng; Minh Hoa (March 21, 2006)."6 kỉ lục trong lĩnh vực xuất bản - in - phát hành của Việt Nam"[6 records in the publishing-printing-distribution sector of Vietnam].Thanh Niên(in Vietnamese). Archived fromthe originalon January 24, 2008.RetrievedOctober 21,2020.
  200. ^abNguyễn Phú Cương (October 16, 2010)."Nguyễn Thắng Vu: Ông" bố nuôi "của Đôrêmon đã ra đi"[Nguyễn Thắng Vu: Doraemon's "adoptive-father" is gone].Thể thao & Văn hóa(in Vietnamese).Archivedfrom the original on April 9, 2017.RetrievedOctober 21,2020.
  201. ^Nữ Lâm (May 14, 2020)."Thế giới đã sẵn sàng chia tay Doraemon chưa?"[Is the world ready to say goodbye to Doraemon?].Tuổi Trẻ(in Vietnamese).Archivedfrom the original on May 22, 2020.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  202. ^""Ngày hội Đôrêmon""[ "Doraemon Festival" ].Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper(in Vietnamese). March 12, 2010.Archivedfrom the original on September 23, 2015.RetrievedJanuary 13,2018.
  203. ^Phùng Hà (December 15, 2012)."'Doraemon' - cơn sốt 20 năm chưa hạ nhiệt "['Doraemon' - the 20-year phenomenon which never dies down].VnExpress(in Vietnamese).Archivedfrom the original on December 16, 2012.RetrievedJune 2,2021.
  204. ^Schilling 2004,p. 44
  205. ^abNicora, Massimo (2016).C'era una volta... prima di Mazinga e Goldrake. Storia dei robot giapponesi dalle origini agli anni Settanta[Once upon a time... before Mazinger and Grendizer. History of Japanese robots from the origins to the seventies] (in Italian). Youcanprint. p. 161.ISBN978-8892635418.
  206. ^Scala, Elisabetta (2016)."Un anno di zapping - Guida critica family friendly ai programmi televisivi"[A year of zapping - Family friendly critical guide to television programs](PDF).Moige. p. 211.Archived(PDF)from the original on December 4, 2020.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  207. ^Ching, Leo (2000). Appadurai, Arjun (ed.).Globalizing the Regional, Regionalizing the Global: Mass Culture and Asianism in the Age of Late Capital.Duke University Press. p. 297.ISBN0822327236.
  208. ^Allison, Anne(2002).Playing with Power: Morphing Toys and Transforming Heroes in Kids' Mass Culture.Cambridge University Press.p. 83.ISBN0521004608.
  209. ^"Vox Populi: 'Doraemon' manga series at age 50 still proves prescient".Asahi Shimbun.March 4, 2020. Archived fromthe originalon March 5, 2020.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  210. ^"Đệ 2 hồi (1973 niên độ )"[2nd (1973)] (in Japanese). Japan Cartoonists Association. June 17, 2009. Archived fromthe originalon December 15, 2013.RetrievedJune 10,2018.
  211. ^"Đệ 23 hồi (1994 niên độ )"[23rd (1994)] (in Japanese). Japan Cartoonists Association. June 17, 2009. Archived fromthe originalon December 15, 2013.RetrievedJune 10,2018.
  212. ^Tiểu học quán mạn họa thưởng: Lịch đại thụ thưởng giả ( đệ １ hồi – đệ 59 hồi )[Shogakukan Manga Award: Winners (1st – 59th)] (in Japanese).Shogakukan.Archived fromthe originalon June 26, 2015.RetrievedNovember 3,2022.
  213. ^Hahn, Joel (2006)."Shogakukan Manga Award".Comic Book Awards Almanac.Archivedfrom the original on April 5, 2008.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  214. ^"Đệ 1 hồi マンガ đại thưởng đằng tử ・Ｆ・ bất nhị hùng 『ドラえもん』( tiểu học quán )"[1st Manga Award Fujiko F. Fujio "Doraemon" (Shogakukan)].Asahi Shimbun(in Japanese). Archived fromthe originalon May 3, 2009.RetrievedJuly 18,2010.
  215. ^"Tác phẩm thụ thưởng lịch"[Work award history] (in Japanese). Shin-Ei Animation. Archived fromthe originalon February 5, 2020.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  216. ^Macdonald, Christopher (October 4, 2006)."Top 10 Anime and Manga at Japan Media Arts Festival".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on December 18, 2006.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  217. ^Macdonald, Christopher (September 24, 2005)."TV Asahi Top 100 Anime".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on December 18, 2006.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  218. ^Macdonald, Christopher (October 13, 2006)."Japan's Favorite TV Anime".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on December 17, 2006.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  219. ^Loo, Egan (May 20, 2010)."Japan Surveyed on Anime, Manga, Other Cultural Exports".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on May 22, 2010.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  220. ^Komatsu, Mikikazu (February 26, 2013)."Survey: 17 Recommended Anime Titles for Foreign People".Crunchyroll.Archivedfrom the original on February 28, 2013.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  221. ^Cain, Rob (May 31, 2015)."Japan's Unlikely Ambassador: a Cartoon Robot Cat From the Future Wins China's Hearts and Minds".Forbes.Archivedfrom the original on June 2, 2015.RetrievedFebruary 2,2021.
  222. ^McCurry, Justin (October 12, 2014)."Doraemon a character of subversion, claim Chinese media".The Star.Archivedfrom the original on December 2, 2014.RetrievedJanuary 18,2021.
  223. ^Piao, Vanessa (September 29, 2014)."A Warning in China: Beware the 'Blue Fatty' Cat".Sinosphere Blog.The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on September 29, 2014.RetrievedJanuary 18,2021.
  224. ^"“Đa lạp A mộng” kịch tình thiệp bá lăng giáo đoàn yếu cầu hạ giá "[Doraemon plot involve bullying, education groups demand removal] (in Chinese (Taiwan)).Liberty Times.July 15, 2014. Archived fromthe originalon July 19, 2014.RetrievedJuly 17,2014.
  225. ^abRessler, Karen (August 4, 2016)."Resolution to Ban Doraemon Anime Series Submitted in Pakistan".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on August 5, 2016.RetrievedJanuary 12,2022.
  226. ^McCurry, Justin (October 7, 2016)."Japanese robot cat Doraemon raises hackles in India and Pakistan".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on October 7, 2016.RetrievedJanuary 16,2021.
  227. ^AFP (February 15, 2013)."Bangladesh bans Japanese cartoon Doraemon to halt Hindi invasion".The Straits Times.Archivedfrom the original on January 5, 2018.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  228. ^Ahmad, Imtiaz (December 30, 2017)."Pakistan lawmaker calls for Doraemon ban to be fully implemented".Hindustan Times.Archivedfrom the original on December 30, 2017.RetrievedJanuary 16,2021.
  229. ^Wuyuan, Guan (July 3, 2014)."Vĩ điền vinh nhất lang: Hàng hải vương mạo hiểm tái 10 niên"[Eiichiro Oda: Another 10 Years of One Piece Adventure].China Times(in Chinese).Archivedfrom the original on July 7, 2014.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  230. ^"Eiichiro Oda Interview With China Times (Updated)".The One Piece Broadcast.July 4, 2014.Archivedfrom the original on July 8, 2014.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  231. ^Kishimoto, Masashi (2005).Naruto, Volume 7.Viz Media.pp. 66, 104.ISBN978-1-59116-875-1.
  232. ^McNulty, Amy (May 21, 2015)."Gintama - Episode 272".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on May 21, 2015.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  233. ^Santos, Carlo (September 24, 2012)."Review - GTO: 14 Days in Shonan".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on September 25, 2012.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  234. ^Allen, Jordan (May 23, 2020)."Fifty years of Doraemon, and still there are lessons to be learned".The Japan Times.Archivedfrom the original on June 2, 2020.RetrievedJanuary 20,2021.
  235. ^Pelliteri 2008,p. 85
  236. ^Hoover, William D. (2011).Historical Dictionary of Postwar Japan.Scarecrow Press. p. 62.ISBN978-0810875395.
  237. ^Schilling 2004,p. 41
  238. ^Iyer, Pico (April 29, 2002)."The Cuddliest Hero in Asia".Time Asia.Archived fromthe originalon March 8, 2010.RetrievedFebruary 17,2010.
  239. ^"1000 nhân が tuyển んだ! Mạn họa sử thượng" tối cường "キャラクターランキング!"[Selected by 1000 people! "The strongest" character ranking in manga history!].Oricon News(in Japanese). June 22, 2007.Archivedfrom the original on September 22, 2014.RetrievedJune 1,2021.
  240. ^"Little Boy: The Arts of Japan's Exploding Subculture".Japan Society.Archived fromthe originalon January 17, 2018.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  241. ^McCurry, Justin (March 20, 2008)."Japan enlists cartoon cat as ambassador".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on March 23, 2008.RetrievedApril 17,2016.
  242. ^AFP (March 15, 2008)."Doraemon named 'anime ambassador'".Japan Today.Archived fromthe originalon March 18, 2008.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  243. ^AFP (September 4, 2012)."Doraemon becomes official resident of Kawasaki a century before his birth".The Japan Times.Archivedfrom the original on November 8, 2012.RetrievedSeptember 4,2012.
  244. ^West, David (August 13, 2012)."Hong Kong Celebrates Doraemon's 100th Birthday (Early!)".Neo.Archived fromthe originalon July 16, 2018.RetrievedJuly 18,2016.
  245. ^Chavez, Amy (April 20, 2013)."Doraemon trumps Hello Kitty for Olympic Games ambassador".The Japan Times.Archivedfrom the original on April 22, 2013.RetrievedJanuary 21,2021.
  246. ^Palazzo, Chiara (August 22, 2016)."Shinzo Abe emerges from a green pipe disguised as Super Mario during Rio Closing Ceremony".The Daily Telegraph.Archivedfrom the original on August 22, 2016.RetrievedAugust 22,2016.
  247. ^Samuelson, Kate (August 22, 2016)."Shinzo Abe Dresses as Super Mario for Rio Closing Ceremony".Time.Archivedfrom the original on August 22, 2016.RetrievedAugust 22,2016.
  248. ^"Anime star Doraemon to have own museum".The Independent.August 29, 2011.Archivedfrom the original on September 25, 2015.RetrievedAugust 22,2017.
  249. ^"Doraemon museum opens its doors".The Japan Times.September 4, 2011.Archivedfrom the original on November 20, 2018.RetrievedApril 17,2016.
  250. ^Sor Fern, Ong (October 27, 2020)."Doraemon invades National Museum of Singapore for an Instagram fest".The Straits Times.Archivedfrom the original on October 27, 2020.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  251. ^Hodgkins, Crystalyn (June 22, 2011)."Shogakukan Publishes Doraemon Earthquake Survival Guide".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on September 24, 2015.RetrievedJanuary 5,2014.
  252. ^"Doraemon Fund".TV Asahi.Archivedfrom the original on January 11, 2004.RetrievedMay 27,2021.
  253. ^"Doraemon Charity Fund for the Japan Tohoku-Kanto Earthquake".TV Asahi.Archivedfrom the original on April 3, 2011.RetrievedMay 28,2021.
  254. ^Jamal, Alfea (June 29, 2020)."Mickey Mouse, Doraemon distribute books, food to children of Mumbai's slum areas".Hindustan Times.Archivedfrom the original on June 30, 2020.RetrievedJanuary 27,2021.
  255. ^Hoàng Nguyên (May 20, 2010)."Mèo máy Doremon tái xuất và... đổi tên"[Doraemon the robot cat reappeared and... renamed].Thể thao & Văn hóa(in Vietnamese).Archivedfrom the original on October 13, 2019.RetrievedMay 28,2021.
  256. ^Hoàng Sơn (January 9, 2020)."Phát động cuộc thi Doraemon với An toàn giao thông năm 2019-2020"[Doraemon and Traffic Safety 2019-2020 contest launched].Công an nhân dân(in Vietnamese).Archivedfrom the original on November 23, 2020.RetrievedMay 28,2021.
  257. ^Gia Hạ (October 21, 2016)."Fujiko F. Fujio: Người họa sĩ đến từ tương lai"[Fujiko F. Fujio: The artist from the future].Zing(in Vietnamese). Archived fromthe originalon October 21, 2016.RetrievedJanuary 12,2022.
  258. ^"Noda chooses 'Doraemon' as chief Cabinet secretary".Asahi Shimbun.September 2, 2011. Archived fromthe originalon March 4, 2016.RetrievedJanuary 29,2015.
  259. ^Sharnoff, Lora (1993).Grand Sumo.Weatherhill. p. 216.ISBN0-8348-0283-X.
  260. ^"Thailand: Japan's Doraemon cartoon cat in rain ritual".BBC News.June 29, 2015. Archived fromthe originalon June 30, 2015.RetrievedJanuary 27,2021.
  261. ^Pineda, Rafael Antonio (August 12, 2015)."Risqué Doraemon Parody Manga Nozoemon Abruptly Halted".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on August 12, 2015.RetrievedJanuary 12,2022.

Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toDoraemon.
Wikiquote has quotations related toDoraemon.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doraemon&oldid=1232751299"