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Duyfken

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Duyfken
The 1999 replica ofDuyfkenin 2006
History
Dutch Republic
NameDuyfken
Launched1595
FateCondemned beyond repair July 1608 atTernate
General characteristics
Displacement110 tons
Length65.4 ft (19.9 m)
Beam19.7 ft (6.0 m)
Draft8 ft (2.4 m)
PropulsionSail
Speed7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph)
Armament8 cannons

Duyfken(Dutch pronunciation:[ˈdœyfkə(n)];"Little Dove" ), also in the formDuifjeor spelledDuifkenorDuijfken,was a small ship built in theDutch Republic.She was a fast, lightly armed ship probably intended for shallow water, small valuable cargoes, bringing messages, sending provisions, or privateering.[1]The tonnage ofDuyfkenhas been given as 25-30lasten(50-60 tons).[2]: 14 

In 1606, duringa voyage of discoveryfrom Bantam (Banten),Java,captained byWillem Janszoon,she encountered the Australian mainland.[3]Janszoon is credited with the first authenticated European landing on Australia.[4]In 1608, the ship was damaged beyond repair.

AreproductionofDuyfkenwas built in Australia and launched in 1999.[5]

Voyages

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In 1595, a ship namedDuyfkensailed in the first expedition toBantam.After returning in august 1597, this ship was renamedOverijseland also sailed in the second and fourth expedition to the East Indies.[1]

On 23 April 1601, another ship namedDuyfkensailed fromTexelasjacht,or scout, under skipperWillem Cornelisz Schoutento theSpice Islands.After reaching Bantam, the "Moluccan Fleet", consisting of five ships includingDuyfkenunder admiral Wolphert Harmensz, encountered a blockading fleet of Portuguese ships totalling eight galleons and twenty-two galleys. They engaged this fleet in intermittent battle (theBattle of Bantam), driving them away on New Year's Day 1602. Thus, the undisputed dominance of theIberians(Portuguese and Spanish) in thespice tradeto Europe was ended.

The fleet received a warm welcome in Bantam, repairs were carried out to damage caused in the battle, and a survey ofJakartaBay was undertaken, where the Dutch would later buildBatavia,their capital in the Indies. Then, sailing by way ofTuban,East Java to the Spice Island ofTernate,cloveswere loaded on board and the ship returned toBandafor a cargo ofnutmeg.

An 1886 illustration depicting how the artist imaginedDuyfkenin theGulf of Carpentaria

Duyfkenwas then sent on a voyage of exploration to the east when the newly formedDutch East India Company(Dutch:Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie,commonly abbreviated to VOC) was granted a monopoly on trade to the Spice Islands by the Dutch government. On the voyage home from the IndiesDuyfkenwas separated from the larger ships in a storm offCape Agulhas,southern Africa and reachedFlushingin April 1603,[2]: 14 two months ahead of the larger ships.

On 18 December 1603,Duyfken,withWillem Janszoonas skipper, set out on a second voyage to the Indies in the VOC fleet ofSteven van der Haghen.The VOC fleet captured a Portuguese ship inMozambique Channeland sailed to the Spice Islands viaGoa,Calicut,Peguand finally reaching Bantam, Java on New Year's Eve 1604.

In 1605,Duyfkenwas in the fleet that recaptured the fort of Van Verre atAmbonin the Spice Islands, from the Portuguese. She was then sent to Bantam, Java for urgently needed provisions.

In 1605, theDutch East India Company(VOC) sentDuyfken,captained byWillem Janszoon,to search for trade opportunities in the "south and east lands" beyond the furthest reaches of their known world. Willem Janszoon took the ship southeast fromBandato theKei Islands,then along the south coast ofNew Guinea,skirting south of the shallow waters aroundFalse Cape (Irian Jaya)and then continuing east-southeast.

A 1670 copy of a map drawn on boardDuyfkenduring her voyage of discovery along the Australian coast in 1606 from the Atlas Van der Hem

Inearly 1606, Janszoonencountered and then charted the shores of Australia'sCape York Peninsula.[6][7]The ship made landfall at thePennefather Riverin theGulf of Carpentaria.This is the first authenticated sighting of Australia by Europeans, and also the first authenticated landing of Europeans on Australian soil.[8]For the first time all the inhabited continents of the world were known to the European science of geography. The ship sailed back to Bantam.

In 1607,Duyfkenmay have made a second voyage east to Australia. Later in the year, she was sent to Java to get supplies for the beleaguered Dutch fortress on Ternate. In February or March 1608,Duyfkenwas involved in hunting Chinesejunksnorth ofTernate.[9]: 311–312 

In May 1608, the ship was engaged in a five-hour battle with three Spanish galleys.[2]In June, she was sent with larger ships to capture the fortress of Taffaso onMakian Island.A month later, she was brought inside the reef at Ternate for repairs. It seems that she was hauled on her side to repair the bottom but this caused further damage, and the ship was condemned as beyond repair.

Replica

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The 1999 replica ofDuyfkenunder sail inc.2006

The Duyfken Replica Project was founded by the Dutch-born Australian historian Michael John Young.[10]Young became aware ofDuyfkenas early as 1976 and lobbied extensively for a new replica project after the launch of theEndeavour replicain Fremantle, Australia in the mid-1990s.

The Duyfken Replica committee was established in 1995 by Michael Young and retired journalist James Henderson. This led to the establishment of the Friends of the Duyfken group then ultimately, the Duyfken 1606 Replica Foundation. The Foundation was initially chaired by entrepreneur Michael G. Kailis of Perth, who led the charge in raising the $3.5 million building budget.

On 27 March 1997, Dutch Crown PrinceWilliam-Alexanderlaid theDuyfkenreplica's keel at the Duyfken Replica Ship Yard in front of the Fremantle Maritime Museum in Fremantle, Western Australia.

Decorated stern ofDuyfkenreplica inCooktownharbour in 2009

A full size reproduction ofDuyfkenwas built by the "Duyfken 1606 Replica Foundation" jointly with theMaritime Museum of Western Australiaand launched on 24 January 1999 inFremantle.She then undertook an expedition to Banda in Indonesia and sailed on a reenactment voyage to the Pennefather River in Queensland. Then to mark the 400th anniversary of the United Dutch East India Company (VOC) the ship sailed fromSydney,toQueensland,Indonesia,Sri Lanka,Mauritius,South Africa, Namibia,and finallyTexelin the Netherlands. The ship then conducted a six month exhibition tour of The Netherlands. While in the Netherlands, the floor of the hold was replaced by antiqueDutch bricks.

The story of the construction of the replica and the ship's major voyages is published in a book, "Through Darkest Seas", by the former Project Director and Chair of the Duyfken 1606 Replica Foundation, Graeme Cocks.[11]

For a period in 2005,Duyfkenwas berthed alongside theOld Swan Breweryon theSwan RiverinPerth, Western Australia.The replica was open for visits by the public.

In 2006,Western Australiaplayed a big role in the 400th anniversary of the originalDuyfken's visit to Australia. A national group calledAustralia on the Map: 1606–2006[a]was formed to commemorate the arrival ofDuyfken[12]and to mark this important milestone in Australia's history, by also giving recognition to all who followed her and contributed to the mapping of the Australian coast.

Duyfkenwas berthed at theQueensland Maritime Museumin Southbank, Brisbane,Queenslanduntil early 2011, when she was then placed on display at theAustralian National Maritime Museumin Sydney. In 2012 she returned to Fremantle.

In November 2020, the Foundation announced thatDuyfkenwould return to the Australian National Maritime Museum.COVID-19 pandemic travel restrictionsprevented the crew travelling from New South Wales to Fremantle to sail the ship, so it was transported on a larger vessel toNewcastle,then sailed from there to Sydney, arriving on 22 December 2020.[13][14]

Notes

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  1. ^Now "Australia on the Map", a division of the Australasian Hydrographic Society.

References

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  1. ^ab"De Eerste Expeditie naar Indië"[The First Expedition to India] (in Dutch). Arie Saksono. 2007.Archivedfrom the original on 30 January 2020.Retrieved6 April2020.
  2. ^abcMutch, Thomas Davies(1942).The First Discovery of Australia; With an Account of the Voyage of the "Duyfken" and the Career of Captain Willem Jansz.Sydney: Thomas Davies Mutch.OCLC1058014886.Archivedfrom the original on 14 February 2020.Retrieved5 April2020– viaProject Gutenberg Australia.
  3. ^van Huystee, Marit (1995).On the yacht Duyfken (1601): The first European Ship known to explore the Australian coast(PDF).Western Australian Museum(Report). Maritime Archaeology Department Western Australian Maritime Museum.Archived(PDF)from the original on 14 February 2019.Retrieved6 April2020.
  4. ^Gerritsen, Rupert;Wensley, Penelope;Ruigrok, Annemieke; Guivarra, Peter; Sheehan, Colin; McHugh, Evan; Karntin, Jack Spear; Cocks, Graeme; Wharton, Geoff;Australia on the Map;Western Australian Museum;Netherlands, Ambassade (Australia) (2015). Western Australian Museum (ed.).The Duyfken: Unveiling of the First Contact Memorial at Mapoon, Queensland(PDF)(2nd ed.). Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Canberra and the Mapoon Aboriginal Shire Council.ISBN978-1-925040-13-5.Archived(PDF)from the original on 7 April 2020.Retrieved7 April2020.
  5. ^Kennedy, Sharon (5 September 2016)."Replica of first recorded ship to visit Australia docks in Bunbury".Australian Broadcasting Corporation.Archivedfrom the original on 24 December 2016.Retrieved7 April2020.
  6. ^"Janszoon maps northern Australian coast".National Museum of Australia.Archivedfrom the original on 13 March 2020.Retrieved8 April2020.
  7. ^"Chart of Duyfken's voyage".State Library of New South Wales.7 December 2007.Retrieved8 April2020.
  8. ^Randall, Brian (30 April 2013)."Queensland Places - Cape York and the Voyage of the Duyfken".State Library Of Queensland.Retrieved18 September2023.
  9. ^van Opstall, Magaretha Elisabeth (1972).De reis van de vloot vanPieter Willemsz Verhoeffnaar Azië 1607–1612[The Voyage of the fleet of Pieter Willemsz Verhoeff to Asia, 1607–1612] (PhD). Linschoten-Vereeniging (in Dutch). 's-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff.ISBN90-247-1287-4.OCLC780420104.
  10. ^"The Duyfken dream".Duyfken 1606 Replica Foundation.Archivedfrom the original on 6 April 2020.Retrieved6 April2020.
  11. ^"Through Darkest Seas Duyfken Book | Ship".My Site.Retrieved22 June2023.
  12. ^"About – Australia on the Map".Australasian Hydrographic Society.Retrieved22 November2020.
  13. ^Emma Wynne (22 November 2020)."Fremantle's historic Duykfen 'little dove' tall ship replica to relocate east for new chapter in Sydney Harbour".Australian Broadcasting Corporation.Retrieved22 November2020.
  14. ^Steve Mills (22 December 2020)."Duyfken replica arrives in Sydney Harbour".Retrieved4 June2022.

Further reading

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