Earl Marischal
Earl Marischal of Scotland | |
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![]() Arms of the house of Keith, hereditary holders of the title ofEarl Marischal. | |
George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal,last holder of the office of Earl Marischal | |
Type | Great Officer of State |
Formation |
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First holder |
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Succession | Hereditary |
The title ofEarl Marischalwas created in thePeerage of Scotlandfor William Keith, theGreat Marischal of Scotland.
History[edit]
The office ofMarischal of Scotland(orMarascallus ScotieorMarscallus Scotiae) had been hereditary, held by the senior member andChiefofClan Keith,sinceHervey(Herveus)de Keith,who held the office of Marischal underMalcolm IVandWilliam I.The descendant of Herveus, Sir Robert de Keith (d.1332), was confirmed in the office ofGreat Marischal of ScotlandbyKing Robert the Brucearound 1324.
Robert de Keith's great-grandson, William, was raised to the Peerage as Earl Marischal byJames IIin about 1458. The peerage died out when George Keith, the 10th Earl, forfeited it by joining theJacobite Rising of 1715.
The role of the Marischal was to serve as custodian of the RoyalRegalia of Scotland,and to protect the king's person when attending parliament. The former duty was fulfilled by the 7th Earl during theWars of the Three Kingdoms,who hid them atDunnottar Castle.The role of regulation of heraldry carried out by the EnglishEarl Marshalis carried out in Scotland by theLord Lyon King of Arms.
The separate office ofKnight Marischalwas first created for the Scottish coronation ofKing Charles Iin 1633. The office is not heritable, although it has been held by members of the Keith family.
The title was forfeited in 1715, due to the last Earl's participation in theJacobite Rising.
Marischals and Great Marischals of Scotland[edit]
- Hervey de Keith(d. c. 1196)
- Philip de Keith(d. c. 1225), paternal grandson of Hervey de Keith, older brother of David de Keith
- David de Keith,paternal grandson of Hervey de Keith, younger brother of Philip de Keith (co-jointly with his brother above and paternal nephew below)
- Hervey de Keith(d. c. 1250), paternal nephew of David de Keith
- Richard de Keith(fl. 12??)[1]
- David de Keith(fl. 1269)[2]
- John de Keith(d. c. 1270)
- William de Keith(d. c. 1293)
- SirRobert Keith(d. 1332)
- SirRobert Keith(d. 1346)
- SirEdward Keith(d. c. 1351)
- SirWilliam Keith(d. c. 1410)
- SirRobert Keith(d. c. 1430)
- William Keith, Marischal of Scotland(d. 1463)
Earls Marischal of Scotland (c. 1458)[edit]
- William Keith, 1st Earl Marischal(d. 1483)[3][4]
- William Keith, 2nd Earl Marischal(d. 1530)[4]
- William Keith, 3rd Earl Marischal(d. 1581)[5]
- William Keith, 4th Earl Marischal(d. 15??)
- George Keith, 5th Earl Marischal(c. 1553 – 1623)[6]
- William Keith, 6th Earl Marischal(c. 1585 – 1635)[7]
- William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal(1614 – 1671)[8]
- George Keith, 8th Earl Marischal(d. 1694)[9]
- William Keith, 9th Earl Marischal(c. 1664 – 1712)[9]
- George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal(c. 1693 – 1778) (forfeit 1715)[10]
Before the sequence was revised byThomas Innes of Learneyin 1927, the 1st Earl's father, William Keith (died 1463), was deemed to be the first Earl Marischal, so that the final Earl was the eleventh.[5][11]
Arms[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Surtees Society; Three Early Assize Rolls for the County of Northumberland 1891; pages 204-205
- ^Surtees Society; Three Early Assize Rolls for the County of Northumberland 1891; pages 204-205
- ^Marischal, Earl (S, 1458 - forfeited 1716)Cracroft's Peerage
- ^abMcGladdery, C. A. 2004 "Keith family (per. c. 1300–c. 1530), nobility." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
- ^abWasser, Michael. 2016 "Keith, William, third Earl Marischal (c. 1510–1581), magnate." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
- ^Simmons, John. 2004 "Keith, George, fourth Earl Marischal (1549/50–1623), magnate and founder of Marischal College, Aberdeen." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
- ^Henderson, T. F. 2004 "Keith, William, fifth Earl Marischal (c. 1585–1635), naval official." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
- ^Stevenson, David. 2006 "Keith, William, sixth Earl Marischal (1614–1671), nobleman." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
- ^abNicholson, Eirwen E. C. 2004 "Drummond (married name Keith), Mary, Countess Marischal (1675–1729), Jacobite sympathizer." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^Furgol, Edward M. 2006 "Keith, George, styled tenth Earl Marischal (1692/3?–1778), Jacobite army officer and diplomatist in the Prussian service." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^Innes, Thomas. "The First Earl Marischal." The Scottish Historical Review 24, no. 96 (1927): 280-97
- Balfour Paul, Sir James-The Scots PeerageVol. VI.Edinburgh 1909
- Taylor, James(1887)."The Great Historic Families of Scotland: The Keiths".Retrieved31 August2007.