Eddie Gaedel
Eddie Gaedel | |
---|---|
![]() Gaedel batting in August 1951, in his only plate appearance inbaseball | |
Pinch hitter | |
Born: Chicago,Illinois, U.S. | June 8, 1925|
Died:June 18, 1961 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. | (aged 36)|
Batted:Right Threw:Left | |
MLB debut | |
August 19, 1951, for the St. Louis Browns | |
Last MLB appearance | |
August 19, 1951, for the St. Louis Browns | |
MLB statistics | |
On-base percentage | 1.000 |
Batting average | – |
Plate appearances | 1 |
Base on balls | 1 |
Teams | |
Career highlights and awards | |
|
Edward Carl Gaedel(June 8, 1925 – June 18, 1961) was the smallest player to appear in aMajor League Baseballgame.[1]
Gaedel gained recognition in the second game of aSt. Louis Brownsdoubleheaderon August 19, 1951.[2]Weighing 60 pounds (27 kg) and standing 3 feet 7 inches (109 cm) tall, he became the shortest player in the history of the Major Leagues. Gaedel made a single plate appearance and was walked with four consecutive balls before being replaced by apinch-runneratfirst base.His jersey, bearing the uniform number "1⁄8",is displayed in theSt. Louis Cardinals Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.
St. Louis BrownsownerBill Veeck,in his 1962 autobiographyVeeck – As in Wreck,said of Gaedel, "He was, by golly, the best darn midget who ever played big-league ball. He was also the only one."[3]
Early life
[edit]Edward Carl Gaedele (Gaedel) was born InCook County, Illinois,on June 8, 1925.[4]His father, Carl Gaedele (1886–1949), was a Lithuanian immigrant who managed a department store and worked as a parking lot checker. His mother, Helen (née Janicki), was a homemaker. In 1930, the Gaedele family lived in Chicago'sGarfield Ridgeneighborhood, and by 1940, the family lived inBack of the Yards.[5][6][7]
Appearance
[edit]Gaedel had worked as ariveterduringWorld War II,as he was able to crawl inside the wings of airplanes.[8]He was a professional performer, belonging to theAmerican Guild of Variety Artists(AGVA). After the war, Gaedel was hired in 1946 byMercury Recordsas a mascot to portray the "Mercury Man". He sported a winged hat similar to the record label's logo, to promote Mercury recordings.[9][10][11]Some early Mercury recordings featured a caricature of him as its logo.[12][13]
Browns' ownerBill Veeck,a showman who enjoyed staging publicity stunts, found Gaedel through a booking agency. Secretly signed by the Browns, he was added to the team roster and put in uniform (with the number "1⁄8"on the back). The uniform was that of futureSt. Louis Cardinalsmanaging partnerandchairmanWilliam DeWitt, Jr.who was a 9-year-old batboy for the Browns at the time.
Gaedel came out of apapier-machecake between games of a doubleheader atSportsman's Parkin St. Louis to celebrate theAmerican League's 50th anniversary.[14]The stunt was also billed as aFalstaff Brewerypromotion. Falstaff, and the fans, had been promised a "festival of surprises" by Veeck. Before the second game got underway, the press agreed that the "midget-in-a-cake" appearance had not been up to Veeck's usual promotional standard. Falstaff personnel, who had been promised national publicity for their participation, were particularly dissatisfied. Keeping the surprise he had in store for the second game to himself, Veeck just meekly apologized.
Although Veeck denied the stunt was directly inspired by it, the appearance of Gaedel was similar to the plot of "You Could Look It Up", a 1941 short story byJames Thurber.Veeck later said he got the idea from listening to the conversations of Giants managerJohn McGrawdecades earlier when Veeck was a child.[15]
At the plate
[edit]On August 19, 1951, Gaedel entered the second half of thedoubleheaderbetween the Browns andDetroit Tigersin the bottom of the first inning as apinch-hitterforleadoffbatterFrank Saucier.Immediately,umpireEd Hurleycalled for Browns managerZack Taylor.Veeck and Taylor had the foresight to have a copy of Gaedel's contract on hand,[16]as well as a copy of the Browns' active roster, which had room for Gaedel's addition.
The contract had been filed late in the day on Friday, August 17. Veeck knew the league office would summarily approve the contract upon receipt, and that it would not be scrutinized until Monday, August 20. Upon reading the contract, Hurley motioned for Gaedel to take his place in the batter's box (as a result of Gaedel's appearance, all contracts must now be approved by theCommissioner of Baseballbefore a player can appear in a game). The change to that day's St. Louis Browns scorecard, listing Gaedel and his uniform number, had gone unnoticed by everyone except Harry Mitauer, a writer for theSt. Louis Globe-Democrat.The Browns' publicity man shunted Mitauer's inquiry aside.[15]Until Gaedel stepped up to the plate, even his teammates had no idea he was actually going to play in the game.[17]
Gaedel was under strict orders not to attempt to move the bat off his shoulder. When Veeck got the impression that Gaedel might be tempted to swing at a pitch, he warned Gaedel that he had taken out a $1 million insurance policy on his life, and that he would be standing on the roof of the stadium with a rifle prepared to kill Gaedel if he even looked like he was going to swing.[15]Veeck had carefully trained Gaedel to assume a tight crouch at the plate; he had measured Gaedel'sstrike zonein that stance and claimed it was just one and a half inches (3.8 cm) high.[15]However, when Gaedel came to the plate, he abandoned the crouch he had been taught for a pose that Veeck described as "a fair approximation ofJoe DiMaggio's classic style ",[15]leading Veeck to fear he was going to swing (in the Thurber story, the player withdwarfismcannot resist swinging at a 3–0 pitch, grounds out, and the team loses the game).
WithBob Cainon the mound—laughing at the absurdity that he actually had to pitch to Gaedel[15]—and catcherBob Swiftcatching on his knees, Gaedel took his stance.[1]The Tigers catcher offered his pitcher a piece of strategy: "Keep it low". Cain deliveredfour consecutive balls,all high (the first two pitches were legitimate attempts at strikes; the last two were half-speed tosses). Gaedel took his base (stopping twice during his trot to bow to the crowd) and was replaced by pinch-runnerJim Delsing.The 18,369 fans gave Gaedel a standing ovation.
Baseball reaction
[edit]Veeck had hoped that Delsing would go on to score in a one-run Browns victory, but he ended up stranded at third base and the Tigers won the game 6–2.[18]American LeaguepresidentWill Harridge,saying Veeck was making a mockery of the game, voided Gaedel's contract the next day. In response, Veeck threatened to request an official ruling on whether Yankees shortstop and reigning American League MVPPhil Rizzuto,who stood 5 feet 6 inches (1.68 m), was a short ballplayer or a tall dwarf.
Initially, Major League Baseball struck Gaedel from its record book, as if he had not been in the game. He was relisted a year later, as a right-handed batter and left-handed thrower (although he did not play the field).[19]Eddie Gaedel finished his major league career with anon-base percentageof 1.000. His total earnings as a pro athlete were $100 (equivalent to $1,200 in 2023), the scale price for anAmerican Guild of Variety Artistsappearance.
Later life
[edit]Gaedel's major league career lasted just the one plate appearance, but with Veeck's 1959 acquisition of theWhite Soxhe began working for Veeck in other capacities. On May 26, 1959, a helicopter carrying Gaedel and three other dwarfs dressed as spacemen "invaded"Comiskey Park,its apparent mission being the delivery of "ray guns" to two of the White Sox' smallest players,Nellie FoxandLuis Aparicio,[20]to whom Gaedel reportedly confided, "I don't want to be taken to your leader. I've already met him."[21]On April 19, 1961, Veeck hired several dwarfs, including Gaedel, as vendors, allegedly due to "some complaints" from fans regarding hitherto blocked sight lines.[22]
Death
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Grave_of_Edward_Carl_Gaedele_%281925%E2%80%931961%29_at_Saint_Mary_Catholic_Cemetery%2C_Evergreen_Park%2C_IL.jpg/220px-Grave_of_Edward_Carl_Gaedele_%281925%E2%80%931961%29_at_Saint_Mary_Catholic_Cemetery%2C_Evergreen_Park%2C_IL.jpg)
On June 18, 1961, the unemployed Gaedel, who had just turned 36, was at a bowling alley inChicago,his birthplace and hometown. Gaedel was followed home and beaten. His mother discovered him lying dead in his bed. He had bruises about his knees and on the left side of his face.[23]Acoroner's inquestdetermined that he also had a heart attack.Bob Cain,who had pitched to Gaedel, was the only Major League Baseball figure to attend the funeral, despite the fact that the two never formally met.[24]Gaedel was interred at Saint Mary Catholic Cemetery and Mausoleum in Cook County, Illinois. His tombstone indicates that his family name may actually have beenGaedele,not Gaedel.[25]
Legacy
[edit]Gaedel is one of only five Major League players who drew a walk in their only plate appearance and never played the field. The first three all played in the 1910s:Dutch Schirick(September 17, 1914 with theBrowns),Bill Batsch(September 9, 1916 withPittsburgh) andJoe Cobb(April 25, 1918 with Detroit; although recent research shows that Cobb may have actually struck out in his only plate appearance). On June 24, 2007,Kevin Melilloof theOakland Athleticsdid so against theNew York Mets.Other than Gaedel, the other four players pinch-hit for pitchers; all five appeared in games their teams ultimately lost.
Gaedel's one-day career has been the subject of programs onESPNandMLB Network.He was mentioned by name in the lyrics ofTerry Cashman'shomageto 1950s baseball, "Talkin' Baseball(Willie, Mickey, and the Duke). "His at-bat was the No. 1 choice on a 1999 list of" Unusual and Unforgettable Moments "in baseball history published by theSporting News.[26]
In 1994, Veeck's son Mike Veeck owned the minor leagueSt. Paul Saintsteam. He brought the then 69-year-oldBob Cainto the park to "reenact" the at-bat, by pitching to the 10-year-old son of the Saints manager.[27]
Because of its scarcity, Gaedel's autograph now sells for more thanBabe Ruth's.[9]
Gaedel's grandnephew, Kyle Gaedele, was selected in the2011 MLB draftby theSan Diego Padresand played minor league baseball as high as the Double-A level.[28][29]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ab"Veeck's latest gimmick - a midget big leaguer".Youngstown Vindicator.(Ohio). AP photo. August 20, 1951. p. 8.
- ^"Browns hit all-time low; use 3-foot 7-inch player".Spokesman-Review.(Spokane, Washington). Associated Press. August 20, 1951. p. 7.
- ^Veeck, Bill.Veeck – As in Wreck.University of Chicago.RetrievedAugust 30,2011.
- ^U.S., World War II Draft Cards Young Men, 1940–1947 for Edward Carl Gaedel
- ^National Archives and Records Administration. 1930 Census.
- ^"Edward Gaedele in the 1940 United States Federal Census".Ancestry.com.
- ^Name: Carl Gaedele Birth Date: 24 Sep 1886 Service Number: 3779726 Unit: Jefferson Brks, Mo. 27th Recruit Co., GENERAL SERV. INFANTRY Enlistment Date: 1 Oct 1918 Discharge Date: 9 Dec 1918 Death Date: 14 Aug 1949 Cemetery: St Mary's Cemetery Cemetery Location: Evergreen Park, Illinois, USA
- ^"Outside the Lines: At Bat – Eddie Gaedel".ESPN Page2. August 19, 2001.RetrievedApril 11,2022.
- ^ab"The Only Eddie Gaedel Signed Photograph Known To Exist".Robertedwardauctions.com. Archived fromthe originalon May 13, 2013.RetrievedApril 2,2013.
- ^Billboard - Google Books.June 8, 1946.RetrievedApril 2,2013.
- ^Billboard - Google Books.May 27, 1972.RetrievedApril 2,2013.
- ^"Image: merc9.jpg, (400 × 400 px)".nugrape.net.RetrievedSeptember 3,2015.
- ^Billboard - Google Books.June 8, 1946.RetrievedApril 2,2013.
- ^"Tigers defeat Browns twice on 7 hitters".Chicago Daily Tribune.Associated Press. August 20, 1951. p. 2, sec. 4.
- ^abcdef"Bill Veeck, Veeck-As In Wreck, excerpt".Press.uchicago.edu.RetrievedApril 2,2013.
- ^Ferraro, Michael X.; Veneziano, John (2007).Numbelievable!.Chicago: Triumph Books. p. 92.ISBN978-1-57243-990-0.
- ^Garver, Ned; Bozman, Bill; Joyner, Ronnie (2003).Touching All the Bases.Pepperpot Productions, Inc. pp. 65, 67.ASINB00B6JBVV6.
- ^"August 19, 1951 Tigers-Browns box score".Baseball-reference.com.RetrievedJanuary 4,2012.
- ^"Eddie Gaedel Statistics and History".Baseball-Reference.com.RetrievedApril 2,2013.
- ^"Veeck's Latest Stunt: Midget Spacemen Invade Comiskey Park".Chicago Tribune.(Chicago, Illinois). Tribune Photos. May 27, 1959. p. 68.
- ^"Veeck Science Fiction".Binghamton Press.(Binghamton, New York). AP Wirephoto. May 27, 1959. p. 52.
- ^"Veeck Employing Midgets Again".The Pittsburgh Press.(Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). UPI. April 20, 1961. p. 42.
- ^"Ask Inquest Into Death of Gaedel".Rock Island Argus.Chicago. AP. June 20, 1961. p. 15.RetrievedOctober 29,2022– via Newspapers.com.
- ^"Gaedel made a big mark in his own small way Veeck's tallest tale is a walk in the park".August 18, 1991.
- ^"The Baseball Biography Project".Bioproj. Sabr. Org.RetrievedApril 2,2013.
- ^Tootle, Jim (2002). "Bill Veeck and James Thurber: The Literary Origins of the Midget Pinch Hitter".NINE.10(2): 110–119.doi:10.1353/nin.2002.0021.S2CID154062355.Project MUSE24183.
- ^"Short Hitter, Long Memory Bob Cain is Best Known as the Pitcher Who Walked Midget Eddie Gaedel".Sports Illustrated Vault | Si.com.
- ^"Gaedel's relative has full-sized baseball goals".August 19, 2015.
- ^"Kyle Gaedele Minor League Statistics & History".Baseball-Reference.com. November 1, 1989.RetrievedApril 2,2013.
External links
[edit]- Career statistics and player information fromMLB,orBaseball Reference,orRetrosheet
- Eddie Gaedel at Baseball Biography
- ESPN.com article: "Short on size, long on history"
- Box score for the Gaedel game
- Tales from the Ballpark excerpt @ Google Books
- See one of Eddie Gaedel's only existing autographs.
- The Athletic article: Tragic Spectacle of Eddie Gaedel