El Mono Azul
 Cover page dated 8 July 1937 | |
| Categories | Cultural magazine |
|---|---|
| Frequency |
|
| Founder | |
| Founded | 1936 |
| First issue | 27 August 1936 |
| Final issue | February 1939 |
| Country | Spain |
| Based in | Madrid |
| Language | Spanish |
El Mono Azul(Spanish:Blue Overalls) was an anti-fascist magazine which was published in Madrid during theSpanish Civil War.The magazine existed between 1936 and 1939 and was one of the major cultural, intellectual and artistic publications during the war with the subtitlehoja semanal de la Alianza de Intelectuales Antifascista para la Defensa de la Cultura(Spanish:Weekly publication of the Alliance of Anti-fascist Intellectuals for the Defense of Culture).[1]
History and profile[edit]
El Mono Azulwas started in Madrid in 1936 by theAlliance of Anti-Fascist Intellectualsled by communist writersRafael AlbertiandMaría Teresa Leónat the beginning of the Civil War.[1][2][3]The Alliance was part of theRepublicanside of the groups fighting in the civil war.[4]El Mono Azulfunctioned as the propaganda organ for the group.[5]
The first issue ofEl Mono Azulappeared on 27 August 1936,[6][7]a month after the start of the civil war.[5]From its start to November 1936 the magazine was published every Thursday on a weekly basis.[6]In the period December 1936–February 1937El Mono Azultemporarily ceased publication and was restarted on 11 February.[6]It became a section of the weekly newspaperLa Vozin June 1937 and continued its publication in this format until May 1938.[6]Then it produced three more issues last of which appeared in February 1939.[6]The final issue was an independent publication, but was published as part of a literary magazine entitledCuadernos de Madrid.[6]
Content and editors[edit]
El Mono Azurtargeted those fighting in the civil war.[5]It frequently featured articles on the tips for theproficiency in precision shootingand hygiene.[5]In addition, the magazine covered all literary genres such as poetry and literary criticism, political articles, editorials, documents, theatrical news, photographs or illustrations.[1]The latter were mostly produced by Alberti andPablo Picasso.[1]The poems published inEl Mono Azulwere read and written in thetrenchesbefore appearing in the magazine.[7][8]The 29th issue dated 19 August 1937 featured four poems ofLangston Hugheswhich were translated into Spanish by Rafael Alberti.[9]Hughes, an African American, was the onlyAnglophonepoet whose works were published inEl Mono Azul.[9]
Major directors and contributors includedJosé Bergamín,Rafael Dieste,Lorenzo Varela,Miguel Hernández,Vicente Aleixandre,Vicente Huidobro,Luis Cernuda,Antonio Machado,León Felipe,Rosa Chacel,Emilio Prados,Octavio Paz,César Vallejo,Tomás Navarro Tomás,Pablo Neruda,andRamón J. Sender.[1][4]
References[edit]
- ^abcde"Título: El Mono azul"(in Spanish). Hemeroteca Digital.Retrieved11 March2022.
- ^Lisa A. Kirschenbaum (2017). "The Russian Revolution and Spanish Communists, 1931–5".Journal of Contemporary History.52(4): 895.doi:10.1177/0022009417723974.S2CID159939003.
- ^Jordi Olivar (2014)."This Is Their Fight: Joris Ivens's The Spanish Earth and the Romantic Gaze".Forma. Revista d'Estudis Comparatius. Art, literatura, pensament(10): 62.
- ^abSilvina Schammah Gesser; Alexandra Cheveleva Dergacheva (2018)."An Engagé in Spain: Commitment and Its Downside in Rafael Alberti's Philo-Sovietism".In Raanan Rein; Joan Maria Thomás (eds.).Spain 1936: Year Zero.Brighton: Sussex Academic Press. p. 194.ISBN978-1845198923.
- ^abcdGeorge Lambie (2000). "Intellectuals, Ideology and Revolution: The Political Ideas of César Vallejo".Hispanic Research Journal.1(2): 159.doi:10.1179/hrj.2000.1.2.139.S2CID154672054.
- ^abcdefJohn Eric Gant (1993)."El mono azul" (1936-1939) and Spain's Civil War poetry(PhD thesis). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. pp. 16–22.ProQuest304044818.
- ^abCary Nelson, ed. (2002)."Introduction".The Wound and the Dream: Sixty Years of American Poems about the Spanish Civil War.Urbana; Chicago: University of Illinois Press. p. 24.ISBN978-0-252-07070-9.
- ^Gina Herrmann (December 2001)."Nostralgia: María Teresa León, Rafael Alberti, and the Memory of Absence".Revista Hispánica Moderna.54(2): 329.JSTOR30207965.
- ^abJuan Ignacio Guijarro González (September 2021). ""I looked upon the Nile" —and the Ebro: Reconstructing the History of Langston Hughes Translations in Spain (1930–1975) ".The Langston Hughes Review.27(2): 144–145.doi:10.5325/langhughrevi.27.2.0137.S2CID240529722.
| Authority control databases:National |
|---|
- 1936 establishments in Spain
- 1939 disestablishments in Spain
- Anti-fascism in Spain
- Defunct communist magazines
- Defunct literary magazines published in Europe
- Defunct political magazines published in Spain
- Defunct Spanish-language magazines
- Anti-Francoism
- Irregularly published magazines
- Literary magazines published in Spain
- Magazines established in 1936
- Magazines disestablished in 1939
- Magazines published in Madrid
- Poetry literary magazines
- Propaganda newspapers and magazines
- Weekly magazines published in Spain