Elections in Bulgaria
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Bulgariaelects on the national level ahead of state—thepresident—and alegislature.The president is elected for a five-year term directly by the people. TheNational Assembly(Narodno Sabranie) has 240 members elected for a four-year term byproportional representationin multi-seatconstituencieswith a 4% threshold. Bulgaria has amulti-partysystem in which often no one party has a chance of gaining power alone andpartiesmust work with each to form governments.
Parliamentary elections[edit]
Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on2 April 2023to elect the members of theNational Assembly.Parliamentary elections have been held in Bulgaria since 1879. There was a period when partisan politics was banned from 1934 to 1944; in the wake of theBulgarian coup d'état of 1934and the sequential personal rule ofTsar Boris III.There was also period ofsingle partysystem between 1945 and 1989, during thePeople's Republic of Bulgaria,during which only candidates sanctioned by authorities could run. This, in practice, gave theBulgarian Communist Partyand its collaborators a monopoly on power.
Until 1945 there was nouniversal suffragefor the women. The table below show the elections since 1990, when the government became a democratic republic.
All elections since 1991 have had 240 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies with a 4% threshold. The two elections that differed from this model was the1990Grand National Assemblyelection, where 400 representatives were elected: half by proportional representation and half byfirst-past-the-post voting.The other exception was the2009election when 209 representatives were elected by proportional representation and 31 through first past the post; seats corresponding to the provinces and the largest cities.
Parliamentary election results[edit]
Turnout | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1986 | 1990 | 1991 | 1994 | 1997 | 2001 | 2005 | 2009 | 2013 | 2014 | 2017 | April 2021 | July 2021 | Nov 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
99.92% | 90.78% | 83.87% | 75.23% | 58.87% | 66.63% | 55.76% | 60.64% | 52.47% | 49.51% | 52.57% | 49.1% | 40.39% | 38.64 | 39.30% | 40.63% | 33.4% |
Recent elections[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/2024_Bulgarian_parliamentary_election.svg/250px-2024_Bulgarian_parliamentary_election.svg.png)
The results showed that no party attained a majority in the National Assembly, with GERB attaining a plurality of seats. Turnout was 33 percent, the lowest since the end of communist rule in 1989.[1][2]
Presidential election[edit]
Presidential elections have been held since 1992. From 1996 onwards, presidential elections have been held every five years.
Candidate | Running mate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | ||||
Rumen Radev | Iliana Iotova | Independent (BSPzB,PP,ITN,IBG-NI) | 1,322,385 | 49.42 | 1,539,650 | 66.72 | |
Anastas Gerdzhikov | Nevyana Miteva | Independent (GERB–SDS) | 610,862 | 22.83 | 733,791 | 31.80 | |
Mustafa Karadayi | Iskra Mihaylova | Movement for Rights and Freedoms | 309,681 | 11.57 | |||
Kostadin Kostadinov | Elena Guncheva | Revival | 104,832 | 3.92 | |||
Lozan Panov | Maria Kasimova | Independent (Democratic Bulgaria) | 98,488 | 3.68 | |||
Luna Yordanova | Iglena Ilieva | Independent | 21,733 | 0.81 | |||
Volen Siderov | Magdalena Tasheva | Attack | 14,792 | 0.55 | |||
Svetoslav Vitkov | Veselin Belokonski | People's Voice | 13,972 | 0.52 | |||
Milen Mihov | Mariya Tsvetkova | VMRO – Bulgarian National Movement | 13,376 | 0.50 | |||
Rosen Milenov | Ivan Ivanov | Independent | 12,644 | 0.47 | |||
Goran Blagoev | Ivelina Georgieva | Republicans for Bulgaria | 12,323 | 0.46 | |||
Veselin Mareshki | Polina Tsankova | Volya Movement | 10,536 | 0.39 | |||
Valeri Simeonov | Tsvetan Manchev | Patriotic Front | 8,568 | 0.32 | |||
Nikolay Malinov | Svetlana Koseva | Russophiles for the Revival of the Fatherland | 8,213 | 0.31 | |||
Tsveta Kirilova | Georgi Tutanov | Independent | 7,706 | 0.29 | |||
Aleksandar Tomov | Lachezar Avramov | Bulgarian Social Democratic Party–EuroLeft | 7,235 | 0.27 | |||
Boyan Rasate | Elena Vatashka | Bulgarian National Union – New Democracy | 6,798 | 0.25 | |||
Marina Malcheva | Savina Lukanova | Independent | 6,315 | 0.24 | |||
Zhelyo Zhelev | Kalin Krulev | Society for a New Bulgaria | 6,154 | 0.23 | |||
Blagoy Petrevski | Sevina Hadjiyska | Bulgarian Union for Direct Democracy | 5,518 | 0.21 | |||
Yolo Denev | Mario Filev | Independent | 5,394 | 0.20 | |||
Maria Koleva | Gancho Popov | Pravoto | 4,666 | 0.17 | |||
Georgi Georgiev-Goti | Stoyan Tsvetkov | Bulgarian National Unification | 2,958 | 0.11 | |||
None of the above | 60,786 | 2.27 | 34,169 | 1.48 | |||
Total | 2,675,935 | 100.00 | 2,307,610 | 100.00 | |||
Valid votes | 2,675,935 | 99.65 | 2,307,610 | 99.83 | |||
Invalid/blank votes | 9,487 | 0.35 | 3,909 | 0.17 | |||
Total votes | 2,685,422 | 100.00 | 2,311,519 | 100.00 | |||
Registered voters/turnout | 6,949,938 | 38.64 | 6,868,737 | 33.65 | |||
Source:Electoral Commission of Bulgaria(first round),Electoral Commission of Bulgaria(second round) |
European Parliament elections[edit]
Past European Parliament elections since 2007[edit]
- 2007 European Parliament election in Bulgaria
- 2009 European Parliament election in Bulgaria
- 2014 European Parliament election in Bulgaria
- 2019 European Parliament election in Bulgaria
Referendums[edit]
Four nationwide referendums have been held in Bulgaria since it gained its De Facto independence in 1878:
- On19 November 1922the question was if criminals from the three previous wars were to be prosecuted;[3]
- On8 September 1946the question was if Bulgaria was to remain a monarchy to become a republic;[4]
- On16 May 1971the nation's approval of a new constitution was asked;[5]
- On27 January 2013the question was if Bulgaria should develop its nuclear power by building a new nuclear power plant.[6][7]
- On25 October 2015the question was if Bulgaria should introduce electronic voting.
- On6 November 2016voters were asked three questions. The questions were: Whether they supported limiting public funding of political parties; the introduction of compulsory voting in elections and referendums; and changing the electoral system for the National Assembly to the two-round system.
Several regional referendums have been held as well.
Local elections[edit]
Recent elections[edit]
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See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Snap election in Bulgaria: a worsening political crisis and a strengthening radical right,Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich (Centre for Eastern Studies)
- ^"Bulgarian election delivers another fragmented parliament".Al Jazeera.10 June 2024.Archivedfrom the original on 10 June 2024.Retrieved9 June2024.
- ^Bulgarien, 19. November 1922: Anklage gegen KriegsverbrecherDirect Democracy
- ^Nohlen, D& Stöver, P (2010)Elections in Europe: A data handbook,p368ISBN978-3-8329-5609-7
- ^Nohlen & Stöver, p368
- ^Q&A: Bulgaria's nuclear energy referendumBBC News, 25 January 2013
- ^Bulgarians vote in referendum on nuclear energyDeutsche Welle
External links[edit]
- Blog in English about the Bulgarian elections in 2009Archived2009-06-11 at theWayback Machine
- Adam Carr's Election Archive
- Ms Lyubka Savkova's Bulgarian Party Politics and Public Opinion Research Websitehosted by the University of Sussex
- Parties and Elections
- Народно събрание на Република България/National Assembly of the Republic of BulgariaArchived2005-06-24 at theWayback Machine
- Bulgarian News Agency
- Blog in English about the Bulgarian elections in 2009Archived2009-06-11 at theWayback Machine
- NSD: European Election Database - BulgariaArchived2016-03-20 at theWayback Machinepublishes regional level election data; allows for comparisons of election results, 1990-2009