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Elif Shafak
Shafak in 2021
Shafak in 2021
Native name
Elif Şafak
BornElif Bilgin
(1971-10-25)25 October 1971(age 52)
Strasbourg,France
Occupation
  • Novelist
  • essayist
  • public speaker
  • activist
Language
  • English
  • Turkish
  • Spanish
EducationMiddle East Technical University
Period1990s–present
GenreLiterary fiction
Notable works
Signature
Website
www.elifshafak.com

Elif ShafakFRSL(Turkish:Elif Şafak,pronounced[eˈlifʃaˈfak];néeBilgin;born 25 October 1971) is aTurkish-British[1]novelist,essayist,public speaker,political scientist[2]and activist.

Shafak[a]writes inTurkishandEnglish,and has published 21 books. She is best known for hernovels,which includeThe Bastard of Istanbul,The Forty Rules of Love,Three Daughters of Eveand10 Minutes 38 Seconds in This Strange World.Her works have been translated into 57 languages and have been nominated for several literary awards. She has been described by theFinancial Timesas "Turkey's leading female novelist",[3]with several of her works having been bestsellers in Turkey and internationally.

Her works have prominently featured the city ofIstanbul,and dealt with themes ofEastern and Western culture,roles of women in society, and human rights issues. Certain politically challenging topics addressed in her novels, such as child abuse and theArmenian genocide,have led tolegal actionfrom authorities in Turkey[4][5]that prompted her to emigrate to the United Kingdom.

Shafak has a PhD inpolitical science.An essayist and contributor to several media outlets, Shafak has advocated forwomen's rights,minority rights, andfreedom of speech.[6][7]

Early life and education

[edit]

Shafak was born inStrasbourg,France,to Nuri Bilgin, a philosopher, and Şafak Atayman, who later became adiplomat.After her parents separated, Shafak returned toAnkara,Turkey, where she was raised by her mother and maternal grandmother.[8]She says that growing up in a dysfunctional family was difficult, but that growing up in a non-patriarchal environment had a beneficial impact on her. Having grown up without her father, she met her half-brothers for the first time when she was in her mid-twenties.[9]

Shafak added her mother's first name, Turkish for "dawn",to her own when constructing her pen name at the age of eighteen. Shafak spent her teenage years inMadrid,Jordanand Germany.[9]

Shafak studied an undergraduate degree ininternational relationsatMiddle East Technical University,and earned a master's degree inwomen's studies.[10]She holds a Ph.D. inpolitical science.[11][12]She has taught at universities in Turkey. Later emigrating to the United States, she was a fellow atMount Holyoke College,a visiting professor at theUniversity of Michigan,and was atenuredprofessor at theUniversity of ArizonainNear Eastern studies.[9][13]

In the UK, she held the Weidenfeld Visiting Professorship in Comparative European Literature atSt Anne's College,University of Oxford,for the 2017–2018 academic year,[14]where she is an honorary fellow.[15]

Career

[edit]

Shafak has published 21 books, fiction and nonfiction.[16]

Fiction

[edit]

Shafak's first novel,Pinhan,was awarded the Rumi Prize in 1998, a Turkish literary prize.[17]

Shafak's 1999 novelMahrem(The Gaze)was awarded "Best Novel" by theTurkish Authors' Associationin 2000.[18]

Her next novel,Bit Palas(The Flea Palace,2002), was shortlisted for Independent Best Foreign Fiction in 2005.[19][20]

Shafak released her first novel in English,The Saint of Incipient Insanities,in 2004.[9]

Her second novel in English,The Bastard of Istanbul,was long-listed for theOrange Prize.[21]It addresses theArmenian genocide,which isdenied by the Turkish government.Shafak was prosecuted in July 2006 on charges of "insulting Turkishness" (Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code) for discussing the genocide in the novel. Had she been convicted, she would have faced a maximum prison sentence of three years.The Guardiancommented thatThe Bastard of Istanbulmay be the first Turkish novel to address the genocide.[22]She was acquitted of these charges in September 2006 at the prosecutor's request.[23]

Shafak's novelThe Forty Rules of Love(Aşkin Turkish) became a bestseller in Turkey upon its release;[24]it sold more than 200,000 copies by 2009, surpassing a previous record of 120,000 copies set byOrhan Pamuk'sThe New Life.[25]In France, it was awarded a Prix ALEF* – Mention Spéciale Littérature Etrangère.[26]It was also nominated for the 2012 International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award.[27]In 2019, it was listed by theBBCas one of the100 "most inspiring" novels[28]and one of the "100 novels that shaped our world".[29]

Her 2012 novelHonour,which focuses on anhonour killing,[30]was nominated for the 2012Man Asian Literary Prizeand 2013Women's Prize for Fiction,[31][32][33]followed byThe Architect's Apprentice,a historical fiction novel about a fictional apprentice toMimar Sinan,in 2014.[9]

Her novelThree Daughters of Eve(2017), set in Istanbul and Oxford from the 1980s to the present day,[34]was chosen by London MayorSadiq Khanas his favourite book of the year.[35]American writerSiri Hustvedtalso praised the book.[36]The book explores themes of secular versus orthodox religious practice, conservative versus liberal politics and modern Turkish attitudes towards these.[37]

FollowingMargaret Atwood,David MitchellandSjon,Shafak was selected as the 2017 writer for theFuture Library project.Her workThe Last Taboo[citation needed]is the fourth part of a collection of 100 literary works that will not be published until 2114.[38]

Shafak's 2019 novel10 Minutes 38 Seconds in This Strange World,revolving around the life of an Istanbul sex worker, was shortlisted for theBooker Prize.[39]In 2019, Shafak was investigated by Turkish prosecutors for addressing child abuse and sexual violence in her fiction writing.[5]

Shafak released her twelfth novelThe Island of Missing Treesin 2021.[40]

Her latest novel isThere are Rivers in the Sky,a split-timeline novel about water, that reaches from the Assyrian kingAshurbanipalto a hydrologist in present day London.[41]

Non-fiction

[edit]

Shafak's non-fiction essays in Turkish have been collected in four books:Med-Cezir(2005),[42]Firarperest(2010),[43]Şemspare(2012)[44]andSanma ki Yalnızsın(2017).[45]

In 2020, Shafak publishedHow to Stay Sane in an Age of Division.[2]

In the media

[edit]

Shafak has written forTime,[46]The Guardian,[47]La Repubblica,[48]The New Yorker,[49]The New York Times,[50]Der Spiegel[51]andNew Statesman.[52]

Shafak has been a panellist or commentator onBBC World,[53]Euronews[54]andAl Jazeera English.[55]

Until 2009 when she transferred toHabertürk,Shafak was a writer for the newspaperZaman,which was known for its affiliation withFethullah Gülen.

In July 2017, Elif Shafak was chosen as a "castaway" on BBC Radio 4'sDesert Island Discs.[56]

Shafak has been aTEDGlobalspeaker three times.[57]

Plagiarism

[edit]

In January 2024, Shafak found guilty of plagiarism in her bookBit Palas.She plagiarised characters and plot of Mine Kırıkkanat's book,Sinek Sarayı.[58]Shafak has appealed the decision of the court.[59]

Themes

[edit]

Istanbul

[edit]

Istanbulhas been prominent in Shafak's writing. She depicts the city as amelting potof different cultures and various contradictions.[60]Shafak has remarked: "Istanbul makes one comprehend, perhaps not intellectually but intuitively, thatEast and Westare ultimately imaginary concepts, and can thereby be de-imagined and re-imagined. "[46]In the same essay written forTimemagazine Shafak says: "East and West is no water and oil. They do mix. And in a city like Istanbul they mix intensely, incessantly, amazingly."[46]The New York Times Book Reviewsaid of Shafak, "she has a particular genius for depicting backstreet Istanbul, where the myriad cultures of theOttoman Empireare still in tangled evidence on every family tree. "[4]

In a piece she wrote for theBBC,Shafak said, "Istanbul is like a huge, colourfulMatrushka– you open it and find another doll inside. You open that, only to see a new doll nesting. It is a hall of mirrors where nothing is quite what it seems. One should be cautious when using categories to talk about Istanbul. If there is one thing the city doesn't like, it is clichés. "[61]

Eastern and Western cultures

[edit]

Shafak blendsEastern and Westernways of storytelling, and draws onoraland written culture. InThe Washington Post,Ron CharlesWrote: "Shafak speaks in a multivalent voice that captures the roiling tides of diverse cultures."[62]Mysticismand specificallySufismhas also been a theme in her work, particularly inThe Forty Rules of Love.[63][64][24]

Feminism

[edit]

Afeministand advocate forgender equality,Shafak's writing has addressed numerous feminist issues and the role of women in society.[63][60][34]Examples include motherhood[63]andviolence against women.[60]In an interview with William Skidelsky forThe Guardian,she said: "In Turkey, men write and women read. I want to see this change."[65]

Human rights

[edit]

Shafak's novels have exploredhuman rightsissues, particularlythose in Turkey.She has said: "What literature tries to do is to re-humanize people who have been dehumanized... People whose voices we never hear. That's a big part of my work".[66]Specific topics have includedpersecution of Yazidis,theArmenian genocide[60]and the treatment of variousminorities in Turkey.[66]

Views

[edit]

Freedom of speech

[edit]

Shafak is an advocate forfreedom of expression.[67]While taking part in the Free Speech Debate, she commented: "I am more interested in showing the things we have in common as fellow human beings, sharing the same planet and ultimately, the same sorrows and joys rather than adding yet another brick in the imaginary walls erected between cultures/religions/ethnicities."[68]

Political views

[edit]

Shafak has been critical of thepresidencyofRecep Tayyip Erdoğan,describing his tenure as leading to increasedauthoritarianismin Turkey.[69]She signed an open letter in protest againstTurkey's Twitter banin 2014, commenting: "the very core ofdemocracy... is lacking in today's Turkey ".[70]

Shafak has spoken and written about various global political trends. In the 2010s, she drew parallels betweenTurkish political historyand political developments in Europe and the United States.[64]Writing inThe New Yorkerin 2016, she said "Wave after wave of nationalism,isolationism,and tribalism have hit the shores of countries across Europe, and they have reached the United States. Jingoism and xenophobia are on the rise. It is an Age of Angst—and it is a short step from angst to anger and from anger to aggression. "[49]

Shafak signed an open letter in protest against Russianpersecution of homosexualsandblasphemy lawsbeforeSochi 2014.[71]

Personal life

[edit]

Shafak had lived inIstanbul,and in the United States before moving to theUK.[72]Shafak has lived inLondonsince 2013,[9][73]but speaks of "carrying Istanbul in her soul".[74]As of 2019, Shafak had been in self-imposedexilefrom Turkey due to fear of prosecution.[64][75]

Shafak is married to the Turkish journalistEyüp Can Sağlık,a former editor of the liberal newspaperRadikal,with whom she has a daughter and a son.[73][76]In 2017, Shafak came out asbisexual.[77]

Following the birth of her daughter in 2006, Shafak suffered frompostnatal depression,a period she addressed in her memoirBlack Milk.[78]

Awards and recognition

[edit]

Book awards

[edit]

Other recognition

[edit]
  • Maria Grazia CutuliAward – International Journalism Prize, Italy 2006.[89]
  • Turkish Journalists and Writers Foundation "The Art of Coexistence Award, 2009";[90]
  • Marka Conference 2010 Award;[91]
  • Women To Watch Award, Mediacat & Advertising Age, March 2014;[92]
  • Asian Women of Achievement Awards 2015: Global Empowerment Award;[93]
  • 2016 GTF Awards for Excellence in Promoting Gender Equality;[94]
  • BBC's 100 most inspiring and influential women, 2021.[95]

Bibliography

[edit]
Turkish English
Name Year Publisher ISBN Name Year Publisher ISBN
Kem Gözlere Anadolu 1994 Evrensel 9789757837299
Pinhan 1997 Metis 975-342-297-0
Şehrin Aynaları 1999 Metis 975-342-298-9
Mahrem 2000 Metis 975-342-285-7 The Gaze 2006 Marion Boyars Publishers Ltd 978-0714531212
Bit Palas 2002 Metis 975-342-354-3 The Flea Palace 2007 Marion Boyars Publishers Ltd 978 0714531205
Araf 2004 Metis 978-975-342-465-3 The Saint of Incipient Insanities 2004 Farrar, Straus and Giroux 0-374-25357-9
Beşpeşe(withMurathan Mungan,Faruk Ulay, Celil Oker andPınar Kür) 2004 Metis 975-342-467-1
Med-Cezir 2005 Metis 975-342-533-3
Baba ve Piç 2006 Metis 978-975-342-553-7 The Bastard of Istanbul 2007 Viking 0-670-03834-2
Siyah Süt 2007 Doğan 975-991-531-6 Black Milk: On Writing, Motherhood, and the Harem Within 2011 Viking 0-670-02264-0
Aşk 2009 Doğan 978-605-111-107-0 The Forty Rules of Love:A Novel ofRumi 2010 Viking 0-670-02145-8
Kâğıt Helva 2010 Doğan 978-605-111-426-2
Firarperest 2010 Doğan 978-605-111-902-1
The Happiness of Blond People: A Personal Meditation on the Dangers of Identity 2011 Penguin 9780670921768
İskender 2011 Doğan 978-605-090-251-8 Honour 2012 Viking 0-670-92115-7
Şemspare 2012 Doğan 978-605-090-799-5
Ustam ve Ben 2013 Doğan 978-605-09-1803-8 The Architect's Apprentice 2014 Viking 978-024-100-491-3
Sakız Sardunya 2014 Doğan 978-605-09-2291-2
Havva'nın Üç Kızı 2016 Doğan 978-605-09-3537-0 Three Daughters of Eve 2016 Viking 978-024-128-804-7
Sanma ki Yalnızsın 2018 Doğan 978-605-095-146-2
On Dakika Otuz Sekiz Saniye 2018 Doğan 978-605-096-309-0 10 Minutes 38 Seconds in This Strange World 2019 Viking 978-024-129-386-7
Aşkın Kırk Kuralı(compilation based onAşk) 2019 Doğan Novus 978-605-095-864-5
Bölünmüş Bir Dünyada Akıl Sağlığımızı Nasıl Koruruz 2022 Doğan 978-625-821-547-2 How to Stay Sane in an Age of Division 2020 Welcome Collection /Profile Books 978-178-816-572-3
Kayıp Ağaçlar Adası 2023 Doğan 978-625-684-315-8 The Island of Missing Trees 2021 Viking 978-024-143-499-4
There Are Rivers in the Sky 2024 Viking 978-024-143-501-4
Novel
Essay/Anthology
Autobiography
Children's book
Short story

NOTE: Marion Boyars Publishers Ltd was bought out by Viking in 2011.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Her name is spelled "Shafak" (with the digraph ⟨Sh⟩ in place of the ⟨Ş⟩) on her books published in English, including the Penguin Books edition ofThe Forty Rules of Love.

References

[edit]
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Further reading

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  • Kalpaklı, Fatma. Amitav Ghosh ile Elif Şafak’ın Romanlarında Öteki/leştirme/Us and Them Attitude in the Works of Amitav Ghosh and Elif Şafak. Konya: Çizgi Kitabevi, 2016.ISBN978-605-9427-28-9
[edit]
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