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Elijah Cummings

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Elijah E. Cummings
Chair of theHouse Oversight Committee
In office
January 3, 2019 – October 17, 2019
Preceded byTrey Gowdy
Succeeded byCarolyn Maloney
Member of theU.S. House of Representatives
fromMaryland's7thdistrict
In office
April 16, 1996 – October 17, 2019
Preceded byKweisi Mfume
Succeeded byKweisi Mfume
Member of theMaryland House of Delegates
from the39thdistrict
In office
January 12, 1983 – January 10, 1996
Preceded byLena King Lee
Succeeded bySterling Page
Personal details
Born
Elijah Eugene Cummings

(1951-01-18)January 18, 1951
Baltimore,Maryland,U.S.
DiedOctober 17, 2019(2019-10-17)(aged 68)
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouses
Joyce Matthews
​
(div.1982)​
​
(m.2008)​
Children3
EducationHoward University(BA)
University of Maryland, Baltimore(JD)
Signature
Elijah Cummings's voice
Elijah Cummings speaks in support of theFor the People Act of 2019
Recorded March 6, 2019

Elijah Eugene Cummings(January 18, 1951 – October 17, 2019) was an American politician andcivil rightsadvocate who served in theUnited States House of RepresentativesforMaryland's 7th congressional districtfrom 1996 until his death in 2019, when he was succeeded by his predecessorKweisi Mfume.[1]The district he represented included over half of thecity of Baltimore,including most of the majority-black precincts ofBaltimore County,and most ofHoward County,Maryland. A member of theDemocratic Party,Cummings previously served in theMaryland House of Delegatesfrom 1983 to 1996.

Cummings served as the chair of theCommittee on Oversight and Reformfrom January 2019 until his death in October of the same year.

Early life, education, and career

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Cummings was born on January 18, 1951, in Baltimore, son of Ruth Elma (néeCochran) and Robert Cummings.[2]His parents weresharecroppers.[3]He was the third child of seven. When he was 11 years old, Cummings and some friends worked to integrate a segregated swimming pool in South Baltimore.[4]

Cummings graduated with honors fromBaltimore City Collegehigh school in 1969.[5][6]He then attendedHoward UniversityinWashington, D.C.,[6]where he served in thestudent governmentas sophomore class president, student government treasurer, and later student government president. He became a member of thePhi Beta Kappa Society[7]and graduated in 1973 with aBachelor's degree inPolitical Science.[6][8]

Cummings graduated fromlaw schoolat theUniversity of Maryland School of Law,receiving hisJuris Doctorin 1976, and was admitted to the bar in Maryland later that year.[9]He practiced law for 19 years before first being elected to the United States House of Representatives in the1996 election.[10]

For 14 years, Cummings served in theMaryland House of Delegates.His predecessor,Lena King Lee,raised funds and campaigned for him; years later, Cummings credited her with launching his political career.[11][12]In theMaryland General Assembly,he served as Chairman of theLegislative Black Caucus of Marylandand was the first African American in Maryland history to be namedSpeaker Pro Tempore.[13]

Cummings also served on several boards and commissions, both in and out of Baltimore. Those include SEED Schools of Maryland Board of Directors and the University of Maryland Law School Board of Advisors.[14]He served on numerous Maryland boards and commissions including the Board of Visitors to theUnited States Naval Academyand the Elijah Cummings Youth Program inIsrael.He was an honorary member of theBaltimore ZooBoard of Trustees.[15]

In addition to his speaking engagements, he wrote a biweekly column for theBaltimore Afro-Americannewspaper.[16]

Elijah Cummings was a member ofPhi Beta Sigmaand aPrince Hall Mason.[17][18]

U.S. House of Representatives

[edit]
Earlier photo of Cummings
Elijah Cummings,Xavier Becerra,andRobert Matsuiat a press conference on civil rights in 1997
Cummings withBill Clintonin 2000
Cummings withBarack Obamain 2004

Committee assignments

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In December 2010,Edolphus Townsannounced that he would not seek the position ofranking minority memberof the Oversight Committee in the next Congress, even though hisseniorityand service as chair would typically result in his filling this post. Reportedly, Towns withdrew because of a lack of support fromNancy Pelosiwho feared that he would not be a sufficiently aggressive leader of Democrats in an anticipated struggle with incoming committee chair RepublicanDarrell Issa.[19]Reportedly, the White House also wanted Towns to be replaced.[20]Cummings defeatedCarolyn Maloneyin a vote of the House Democratic Caucus.[19]

In his role as chair of the Oversight Committee, Cummings presided over the first public testimony by President Trump's former lawyer,Michael Cohen,[21][22][23]and was a leading figure in theimpeachment inquiry against Donald Trump.[24]Carolyn Maloneywas named acting chair bySpeakerNancy Pelosi,and won the subsequent election in theDemocratic caucusto serve as permanent chair.[25][26]

Caucus memberships

[edit]

Cummings was a member of theCongressional Progressive Caucus.[29]He served as chairman of theCongressional Black Caucus[30]during the108th United States Congress.

Cummings received praise following the congressional panel hearings onsteroidsin 2008. While investigating the use ofsteroids in sports,the panel called numerousbaseballplayers to testify, including former single season home run record holderMark McGwire.After McGwire answered many questions in a vague fashion, Cummings demanded to know if he was "taking the Fifth", referring to theFifth Amendment.McGwire responded by saying, "I am here to talk about the future, not about the past." The exchange came to epitomize the entire inquiry.[31]

Legislation

[edit]

Cummings introduced thePresidential and Federal Records Act Amendments of 2014,a bipartisan bill signed into law by then-PresidentBarack Obamain December 2014. The bill, which Cummings co-sponsored with RepresentativeDarrell Issa,(R-California), is a set of amendments to theFederal Records ActandPresidential Records Act.Among other provisions, the bill modernizes the definition of a federal record to expressly include electronic documents.[32][33]

He supported theSmart Savings Act,a bill that would make the default investment in theThrift Savings Plan(TSP) an age-appropriatetarget date asset allocation investment fund(L Fund) instead of the Government Securities Investment Fund (G Fund).[34]Cummings called the bill a "commonsense change" and argued that the bill "will enable workers to take full advantage of adiversifiedfund designed to yield higher returns ".[35]

He introduced theAll Circuit Review Extension Act,a bill that would extend for three years the authority for federal employees who appeal a judgment of theMerit Systems Protection Board(MSPB) to file their appeal at any U.S. circuit court of appeals, instead of only theU.S. Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit.[36]Cummings said that this program is important to extend because it "allowswhistleblowersto file appeals where they live rather than being limited to the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals ".[37]He also said that the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals has "an abysmal track record in whistleblower cases".[37]

In remarks at the2016 Democratic National Convention,Cummings declared: "Our party does not just believe, but understands, thatBlack Lives Matter.But we also recognize that our community and our law enforcement work best when they work together. "[38][39]

Tenure

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Rep. Cummings was shown to be very passionate and dedicated in his beliefs, and could often be seen becoming emotional in public as a result.[40]Cummings was seemingly very agreeable as well. According to many, Cummings would often befriend members of theRepublican Party,and was highly respected by both sides of the aisle.[41]

Political campaigns

[edit]
Cummings speaking at the2008 Democratic National Convention

The five-term Congressman for Maryland's 7th congressional district,Kweisi Mfume,resigned in February 1996 to take the presidency of theNAACP.Cummings won a crowded twenty-seven-way Democratic primary—the real contest in this heavily Democratic, black-majority district—with 37.5% of the vote.[42]In the special election, he defeatedRepublicanKenneth Kondner with over 80 percent of the vote. He defeated Kondner again in November by a similar margin to win the seat in his own right.[43][failed verification]

He was reelected 11 more times in the contests which followed, never dropping below 69 percent of the vote. He ran unopposed in 2006.[43][failed verification]

Congressman Elijah Cummings (l-r) along with Maryland DelegateCurt Andersonand Maryland GovernorMartin O'Malleyat the2008 Democratic National ConventioninDenver.

Obama campaign

[edit]

Early in 2007, Cummings began campaigning forBarack Obama's presidential bid, attempting to solidify Obama's support in the African American community.[citation needed]Early in 2008, Obama remained relatively unknown and Congressional Black Caucus support was split withHillary Clinton.[44]Cummings traveled extensively to campaign for Obama.[citation needed]

Electoral history

[edit]

Maryland's 7th congressional district:Results 1996–2018[45][46]

Year Type Winner Party Votes % Opponent Party Votes % Opponent Party Votes %
1996 Special Green tickYElijah Cummings Democratic 18,870 80.9% Kenneth Kondner Republican 4,449 19.1%
1996 General Green tickYElijah Cummings 115,764 83.5% 22,929 16.5%
1998 Green tickYElijah Cummings 112,699 85.7% 18,742 14.3%
2000 Green tickYElijah Cummings 134,066 87.0% 19,773 12.8%
2002 Green tickYElijah Cummings 137,047 73.5% Joseph E. Ward 49,172 26.4%
2004 Green tickYElijah Cummings 179,189 73.4% Tony Salazar 60,102 24.6% Virginia Rodino Green 4,727 1.9%
2006 Green tickYElijah Cummings 158,830 98.1% Write-in candidates 3,147 1.9%
2008 Green tickYElijah Cummings 227,379 79.5% Michael Hargadon Republican 53,147 18.6% Ronald Owens-Bey Libertarian 5,214 1.8%
2010 Green tickYElijah Cummings 152,669 75.2% Frank Mirabile 46,375 22.8% Scott Spencer Libertarian 3,814 1.9%
2012 Green tickYElijah Cummings 247,770 76.5% 67,405 20.8% Ronald Owens-Bey Libertarian 8,211 2.5%
2014 Green tickYElijah Cummings 144,639 69.9% Corrogan Vaughn 55,860 27.0% Scott Soffen Libertarian 6,103 3.0%
2016 Green tickYElijah Cummings 238,838 74.9% 69,556 21.8% Miles B. Hoenig Green 9,715 3.0%
2018 Green tickYElijah Cummings 202,345 76.4% Richmond Davis 56,266 21.3% David Griggs Libertarian 5,827 2.2%

Personal life

[edit]

Cummings lived in theMadison Park community in Baltimoreand was an active member of the New Psalmist Baptist Church.[43][failed verification]He married Joyce Matthews, with whom he had a daughter, Jennifer J. Cummings.[47][48]He had a son and a daughter, Adia Cummings, from other relationships.[47][48]He marriedMaya Rockeymoore Cummingsin 2009, who was elected chairwoman of theMaryland Democratic Partyin December 2018.[49][50]

In June 2011, his nephew Christopher Cummings, son of his brother James, was murdered at his off-campus house nearOld Dominion UniversityinNorfolk,Virginia,where he was a student.[51]On August 12, 2021, Norfolk Police charged four men with the murder.[52]

Cummings underwent surgery to repair hisaortic valvein May 2017 and was absent from Capitol Hill for two months. In July 2017, he developed a surgery-related infection but returned to work.[53]Cummings was later hospitalized for a knee infection.[54]

Cummings was diagnosed with a rare form of cancer calledthymic carcinomain 1994 while serving as a member of theMaryland House of Delegates.It was revealed in November 2019 that Cummings had lived with the cancer for 25 years, though it was not stated as the cause of death.[55]

Death

[edit]
External videos
video iconElijah Cummings funeral service, New Psalmist Baptist Church, Baltimore, October 25, 2019,C-SPAN
Barack Obama speaking at the funeral of Elijah Cummings.

Elijah Cummings died on October 17, 2019, atJohns Hopkins Hospitalat the age of 68 from "complications concerning longstanding health challenges", his spokeswoman stated.[54][56][57][58]Before his funeral service on October 25 at Baltimore's New Psalmist Baptist Church, where he was a member for 40 years, Cummings lay in state at the U.S. Capitol Building'sStatuary Hallon October 24.[59][60][56]

Cummings is the first African American lawmaker to achieve the honor oflying in stateat the nation's Capitol.[59]Prior to his death, the most recent people to lie in state were former SenatorJohn McCainand former PresidentGeorge H. W. Bush.Following a state funeral which was attended by family and members of Congress,[61][62]thousands of public mourners were seen entering the U.S. Capitol to see his casket and received greetings from his widow, Maya Rockeymoore-Cummings.[63][61]His casket departed from the U.S. Capitol at around 8:35 p.m.[61]

On October 25, 2019, the official funeral for Cummings was held at the New Psalmist Baptist Church in Baltimore. Many political figures of the Democratic Party, including former PresidentsBarack ObamaandBill Clinton,former Secretary of StateHillary Clinton,House SpeakerNancy Pelosi,Joe Biden,John Lewis,Amy Klobuchar,Elizabeth Warren,Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez,and his predecessorKweisi Mfume(who then became his successor) attended the funeral service.[64][65]His friend and colleagueMark Meadowsperformed the eulogy.[66]

Political positions

[edit]

Healthcare

[edit]

Cummings was in favor ofsingle-payer healthcare.While he supported TheAffordable Care Act,he believed the legislation should have added a public option.[67]

Marijuana

[edit]

Cummings believed thatmarijuanashould be legalized and taxed at the same rate asalcohol.[67]

Honors and awards

[edit]

Cummings was awarded many honors and awards in recognition of his political career. These include:

Honorary degrees

[edit]
Honorary degrees
Location Date School Degree
District of Columbia 2003 Howard University Doctor of Laws(LL.D)[70]
Maryland 2006 Morgan State University Doctor of Laws(LL.D)[71]
Maryland 2007 Goucher College Doctorate[72]
Maryland 2014 Maryland Institute College of Art Doctorate[73]
Maryland 2015 Johns Hopkins University Doctor of Humane Letters(DHL)[74]
Maryland December 20, 2017 University of Maryland, College Park Doctor of Public Service[75]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Gibbs Smith.Maryland Government.Suzanne Chapelle. p. 65.
  2. ^Rasmussen, Frederick N. (February 7, 2018)."Ruth Cummings, mother of U.S. Rep. Elijah Cummings and founder of Victory Prayer Chapel, dies".The Baltimore Sun.Archivedfrom the original on November 8, 2018.RetrievedNovember 14,2018.
  3. ^Stout, David; Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (October 17, 2019)."Elijah E. Cummings, Powerful Democrat Who Investigated Trump, Dies at 68".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on October 17, 2019.RetrievedOctober 17,2019.
  4. ^"A white mob attacked Elijah Cummings for integrating a swimming pool. He was 11".The Washington Post.
  5. ^"Baltimore City College alum: Elijah Cummings".The Baltimore Sun.Archivedfrom the original on September 10, 2016.RetrievedJuly 11,2016.
  6. ^abcDodge, Andrew R.; Koed, Betty K., eds. (2005).Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-2005.United States Congress. Government Printing Office. p. 904.ISBN9780160731761.
  7. ^"Congressman Elijah Cummings: We need to see each other to move forward".Watson Institute.Brown University. March 13, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on February 28, 2019.RetrievedFebruary 27,2019.
  8. ^"Elijah E. Cummings".The Washington Post.Archivedfrom the original on November 14, 2018.RetrievedNovember 14,2018.
  9. ^"Cummings, Elijah Eugene, (1951-)".Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.Archivedfrom the original on July 18, 2011.RetrievedNovember 17,2018.
  10. ^Folkenflik, David (October 17, 1999)."As Cummings rose, financial problems grew; Politician struggled with child support, taxes, mortgage".Archivedfrom the original on February 28, 2019.RetrievedFebruary 27,2019.
  11. ^"Pioneering Md. Delegate, Educator Lena Lee, 100".The Washington Post.August 28, 2006.Archivedfrom the original on December 11, 2017.RetrievedDecember 11,2017.
  12. ^"Post office branch renamed in tribute to pioneering delegate".The Washington Examiner.June 3, 2006.Archivedfrom the original on December 12, 2017.RetrievedDecember 12,2017.
  13. ^"Rep. Cummings to speak at Hood College".January 29, 2014.Archivedfrom the original on July 28, 2019.RetrievedFebruary 27,2019.
  14. ^Killough, Ashley (July 29, 2019)."Elijah Cummings has served for decades the city Trump attacked".CNN.Archivedfrom the original on August 4, 2019.RetrievedOctober 17,2019.
  15. ^"Board of Trustees - The Maryland Zoo in Baltimore".marylandzoo.org.Archivedfrom the original on March 25, 2016.RetrievedJuly 11,2016.
  16. ^Cummings, Congressman Elijah (August 2019)."The Thing I Love About Baltimore | Afro".Archivedfrom the original on August 1, 2019.RetrievedOctober 17,2019.
  17. ^Duster, Chandelis (October 17, 2019)."Obama says 'Cummings stood tallest and most resolute when our country needed him the most' | CNN Politics".CNN.RetrievedAugust 10,2024.
  18. ^"Famous Prince Hall Masons".Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Ohio.Archived fromthe originalon June 2, 2020.RetrievedAugust 10,2024.
  19. ^abBeutler, Brian (December 16, 2010)."Pelosi Power Play Doomed Towns On Oversight Committee".Talking Points Memo.Archivedfrom the original on March 19, 2012.RetrievedJuly 15,2012.
  20. ^"Ed Towns Steps Down; Sources Blame White House".Daily News.Archived fromthe originalon December 16, 2010.
  21. ^Pierce, Charles P. (February 28, 2019)."The Cohen Hearing Was the Start of a Reconstruction of the American Republic".Esquire.Archivedfrom the original on February 28, 2019.RetrievedFebruary 28,2019.
  22. ^Zurawik, David (February 27, 2019)."Maryland Congressman Cummings redeems Cohen hearing with passionate, poetic closing remarks".Capital Gazette.Archivedfrom the original on February 28, 2019.RetrievedFebruary 28,2019.
  23. ^Stableford, Dylan."Cohen brought to tears by Rep. Cummings at end of House hearing".Yahoo Finance.Archivedfrom the original on February 28, 2019.RetrievedFebruary 28,2019.
  24. ^Baynes, Chris (October 17, 2019)."Elijah Cummings death: Senior Democrat at centre of Trump impeachment probe dies, aged 68".The Independent.
  25. ^Chiacu, Doina; Heavey, Susan (October 17, 2019). Lambert, Lisa (ed.)."Maloney to be acting House oversight chair after Cummings death".Reuters.RetrievedOctober 17,2019.
  26. ^Ferris, Sarah (November 20, 2019)."Rep. Carolyn Maloney wins election to chair House Oversight Committee".POLITICO.RetrievedDecember 10,2019.
  27. ^"Membership".Congressional Arts Caucus. Archived fromthe originalon June 12, 2018.RetrievedMarch 13,2018.
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  32. ^"National Archives Welcomes Presidential and Federal Records Act Amendments of 2014".National Archives and Records Administration(Press release). December 1, 2014. Archived fromthe originalon October 7, 2015.
  33. ^Clark, Charles S. (December 1, 2014)."Obama Signs Modernized Federal Records Act".Government Executive.Archived fromthe originalon October 23, 2015.
  34. ^"H.R. 4193 - Summary".United States Congress.Archivedfrom the original on July 15, 2014.RetrievedJuly 14,2014.
  35. ^"Oversight Committee Passes Bipartisan Bills to Improve Federal Worker Savings, Whistleblower Protections".House Committee on Oversight & Government Reform. March 12, 2014. Archived fromthe originalon July 15, 2014.RetrievedJuly 14,2014.
  36. ^"CBO - H.R. 4197".Congressional Budget Office. April 2014.Archivedfrom the original on July 14, 2014.RetrievedJuly 15,2014.
  37. ^ab"Oversight Committee Passes Bipartisan Bills to Improve Federal Worker Savings, Whistleblower Protections".House Committee on Oversight & Government Reform. March 12, 2014. Archived fromthe originalon July 15, 2014.RetrievedJuly 15,2014.
  38. ^Dan Spinelli,Cummings declares 'Black Lives Matter' in convention speechArchivedAugust 3, 2018, at theWayback Machine,Politico(July 25, 2016).
  39. ^"Representative Elijah Cummings Delivers Remarks at the Democratic National Convention".C-SPAN.org.Archivedfrom the original on November 5, 2018.RetrievedAugust 3,2018.
  40. ^"'We can do better': Elijah Cummings' most memorable speeches ".YouTube.Archivedfrom the original on December 12, 2021.
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  45. ^"Candidate Details".Archivedfrom the original on November 5, 2014.RetrievedDecember 4,2014.
  46. ^"Elections By Year".Maryland State Board of Elections.Archivedfrom the original on October 27, 2014.RetrievedNovember 25,2014.
  47. ^abCarlson, Michael (October 17, 2019)."Elijah Cummings obituary".The Guardian.
  48. ^abRivera, Zayda (October 17, 2019)."Elijah Cummings' Family: The Congressman's Wife, Dr. Maya Rockeymoore Cummings, And His Children".BET.RetrievedOctober 19,2019.
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  50. ^"Rep. Elijah E. Cummings (D-Md.)".Roll Call.Archivedfrom the original on August 23, 2014.RetrievedJuly 8,2014.
  51. ^"Sailor gunned down on sentry duty, Navy says".CNN.July 3, 2009. Archived fromthe originalon March 31, 2012.RetrievedJune 15,2011.
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  53. ^Fritze, John (July 20, 2017)."Cummings plans to return to work during August recess".The Baltimore Sun.Archivedfrom the original on August 30, 2017.RetrievedAugust 29,2017.
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  55. ^Cohn, Meredith (November 13, 2019)."Rep. Elijah Cummings had a rare cancer. That he survived it for 25 years might be more rare".baltimoresun.com.
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  57. ^Stout, David; Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (October 17, 2019)."Elijah E. Cummings, Powerful Democrat Who Investigated Trump, Dies at 68".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on October 17, 2019.RetrievedOctober 17,2019.
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  61. ^abc"The Latest: Cummings' casket leaves US Capitol after service".Star Tribune.Associated Press. October 24, 2019.RetrievedOctober 25,2019.[permanent dead link]
  62. ^"In photos: Rep. Elijah Cummings lies in state at U.S. Capitol".Axios. October 24, 2019.RetrievedOctober 24,2019.
  63. ^"Thousands Of Mourners Pay Tribute To Rep. Elijah Cummings At U.S. Capitol".CBS Washington. October 24, 2019.RetrievedOctober 24,2019.
  64. ^"Final Respects Paid to Cummings at Baltimore Funeral".Voice of America.October 25, 2019.
  65. ^Richman, Talia."Here's the lineup for U.S. Rep. Elijah Cummings' funeral, including Obama, the Clintons and Warren".The Baltimore Sun.
  66. ^Brufke, Juliegrace (October 24, 2019)."GOP's Meadows offers tribute to Elijah Cummings".The Hill.RetrievedMay 21,2023.
  67. ^ab"The Voter's Self Defense System".Vote Smart.
  68. ^"Biography".Congressman Elijah Cummings.December 11, 2012.Archivedfrom the original on December 7, 2016.RetrievedDecember 4,2016.
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  70. ^"Recipients of Honorary Degrees (By Year)".Harvard University.Archived fromthe originalon August 14, 2011.
  71. ^"Commencement | Honorary Degrees Awarded".
  72. ^"Goucher community mourns the death of Rep. Elijah Cummings".Goucher College.
  73. ^"History of MICA's Honorary Degree Recipients".MICA.
  74. ^"Honorary Degrees Awarded".
  75. ^"UMD Celebrates 2017 Winter Graduates, Bestows…".UMD Right Now.December 20, 2017.
[edit]
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of theU.S. House of Representatives
fromMaryland's 7th congressional district
1996–2019 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chair of theCongressional Black Caucus
2003–2005 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chair of theHouse Oversight Committee
2019 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elijah_Cummings&oldid=1239622262"