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Elizabeth Dole

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Elizabeth Dole
Official portrait, 2003
United States Senator
fromNorth Carolina
In office
January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2009
Preceded byJesse Helms
Succeeded byKay Hagan
Chair of theNational Republican Senatorial Committee
In office
January 3, 2005 – January 3, 2007
LeaderBill Frist
Preceded byGeorge Allen
Succeeded byJohn Ensign
20thUnited States Secretary of Labor
In office
January 25, 1989 – November 23, 1990
PresidentGeorge H. W. Bush
Preceded byAnn McLaughlin Korologos
Succeeded byLynn Morley Martin
8thUnited States Secretary of Transportation
In office
February 7, 1983 – September 30, 1987
PresidentRonald Reagan
Preceded byDrew Lewis
Succeeded byJames H. Burnley IV
Director of the Office of Public Liaison
In office
January 20, 1981 – February 7, 1983
PresidentRonald Reagan
Preceded byAnne Wexler
Succeeded byFaith Whittlesey
Commissioner of theFederal Trade Commission
In office
December 4, 1973 – March 9, 1979
Appointed byRichard Nixon
Preceded byMary Gardiner Jones
Succeeded byPatricia Bailey
Personal details
Born
Mary Elizabeth Alexander Hanford

(1936-07-29)July 29, 1936(age 87)
Salisbury,North Carolina, U.S.
Political partyRepublican(1975–present)
Other political
affiliations		Democratic(before 1975)
Spouse
​
​
(m.1975;died2021)​
EducationDuke University(BA)
Harvard University(MEd,JD)
AwardsPresidential Medal of Freedom(2024)
Signature
Elizabeth Dole's voice
Dole opens aSenate Aging Committeehearing on Medicare drug benefit implementation
Recorded February 2, 2006

Mary Elizabeth Alexander Dole(néeHanford;born July 29, 1936)[1]is an American attorney, author, and politician who served as aUnited States SenatorfromNorth Carolinafrom 2003 to 2009. A member of theRepublican Party,she previously served in five presidential administrations, including asU.S. Secretary of Transportationunder PresidentRonald Reaganfrom 1983 to 1987 and asU.S. Secretary of Laborunder Reagan's successor,George H. W. Bush,from 1989 until 1990. Dole then left government to serve as president of theAmerican Red Crossfrom 1991 to 1999; she departed from that position to seek theRepublican nominationin the2000 presidential electionbut eventually withdrew from the race.

Dole graduated fromDuke Universityin 1958 and earned aJuris Doctordegree fromHarvard Law Schoolin 1965. Throughout her public career, she was the first woman to hold a number of positions, including secretary of transportation, becoming the first woman to serve in two differentpresidential cabinetpositions for two presidents after being appointed secretary of labor, as well as the first femaleU.S. senator from North Carolinaand chair of theNational Republican Senatorial Committee.She was also the third female secretary of labor and just the second woman to lead the American Red Cross since its founder,Clara Barton.She is the widow of U.S. SenatorBob DolefromKansas,who served as the RepublicanSenate leaderand was the party's presidential nominee in the1996 electionand vice presidential nominee in the1976 election.

Early life and education[edit]

Dole was born Mary Elizabeth Alexander Hanford inSalisbury, North Carolina,to Mary Ella (néeCathey; 1901–2004) and John Van Hanford (1893–1978).[1][2]

Dole attendedDuke Universityand graduated with distinction inpolitical scienceon June 2, 1958. She was a finalist for an Angier B. Duke scholarship, a full-tuition award given to outstanding applicants who matriculate at Duke.[3]She was elected toPhi Beta Kappaand was a recipient of the Algernon Sydney Sullivan Award, a national prize given to those exemplifying the ideal of service to others.

Among her activities at Duke were the chapel choir,Chanticleer(yearbook) business staff, freshman advisory council, the Order of the White Duchy (a local honorary society for outstanding women student leaders, a female counterpart of theOrder of the Red Friars), Phi Kappa Delta (a local leadership honorary for senior women), andPi Sigma Alpha(a national political-science honorary society). Dole is a sister ofDelta Delta Delta.[4]She was also elected president of the woman's student government association, 1958 May queen, and "leader of the year" by the student newspaper,The Chronicle.Dole has remained involved with Duke University, serving at various points in time as president of the Duke University alumnae association, and a member of the board of trustees and board of visitors.[5]She has spoken formally at Duke several times.

Following her graduation from Duke, she did her post-graduate work atOxfordin 1959. After Oxford, she took a job as a student teacher atMelrose High SchoolinMelrose, Massachusetts,for the 1959–1960 school year.[6]While teaching, she also pursued her master's degree in education fromHarvard University,which she earned in 1960, followed by aJ.D.fromHarvard Law Schoolin 1965.[7]At graduation, she was one of 24 women in a class of 550 students.[8]She is an alumna of thePhi Beta Kappahonor society.

White House years[edit]

Johnson administration[edit]

Dole, who had campaigned for theKennedy–Johnsonpresidential ticketin 1960,[9]began working in 1967 as a staff assistant to theSecretary of Health, Education, and Welfarein theLyndon B. Johnsonadministration.[10]

Nixon and Ford administrations[edit]

When manyDemocratsleft the White House followingRichard Nixon's replacement of Johnson, Dole did not. From 1969 to 1973, she served as deputy assistant to President Nixon for consumer affairs.[11]In 1973, Nixon appointed her to a seven-year term on theFederal Trade Commission.[7]

Elizabeth Dole with friend and mentorVirginia Knauer

Dole first met her future husband, Bob Dole, in the spring of 1972 at a meeting arranged by her boss and mentor,Virginia Knauer.[12]The couple dated, and she became his second wife on December 6, 1975, in theWashington National Cathedral.[13]They had no children, though she is stepmother to Bob's adult daughter Robin from his first marriage of 24 years, which ended in divorce in 1972. She attended individually, and later with her husband, theFoundry United Methodist Churchin Washington, D.C., before joining theNational Presbyterian Churchin 1996.[13]Articles at the time reported that the Doles stopped attending Foundry in 1995, finding the pastor at the time,J. Philip Wogaman,too liberal.[14]

In 1975, she became a Republican. She took a leave from her post as a Federal Trade Commissioner for several months in 1976 to campaign for her husband for vice president of the United States, when he ran on the Republican ticket withGerald Ford.[7]She later resigned from the FTC in 1979, to campaign for her husband's 1980 presidential run. During the 1970s, Dole was a self-described member of theWomen's Liberation Movementand helped reform laws to ensure equal credit for women. She was also a supporter of theEqual Rights Amendmentto theUnited States Constitution.[15]

Reagan administration and Secretary of Transportation[edit]

She served as director of theWhite House Office of Public Liaison,from 1981 to 1983 and asUnited States Secretary of Transportationfrom 1983 to 1987 under Ronald Reagan. She was also appointed by Reagan to chair task forces that sought to reform federal and state laws to ensure equal rights for women. She was thefirst womanappointed Secretary of Transportation. In this role, she was the first woman to have served as the head of a branch of theUnited States military,as theUnited States Coast Guardwas under the Department of Transportation at the time. Dole's appointment was "particularly irritating" toconservativeactivists, since "though at least nominally opposed to abortion, [she was] viewed by the right as [an] aggressivefeminist."[16]

The official Department of Labor portrait of Elizabeth Dole
First LadyNancy Reagangreets Dole and other Senate wives in the Blue Room. 1988

During her tenure, theNational Highway Traffic Safety Administrationmandated the installation of acenter high-mounted stop lampon new cars; these are sometimes called "Liddy Lights" in her recognition.[17]She worked with MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Driving) to pass laws withholding federal highway funding from any state that had a drinking age below 21. The state government ofSouth Dakotaopposed the drinking age law and sued Dole in the caseSouth Dakota v. Dole,but the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Dole. She oversaw the privatization of the national freight railroad,Conrail.She initiated randomdrug testingwithin the Department of Transportation. By 1984 Dole had stopped trying to get Reagan to support the Equal Rights Amendment. She was quoted in the press that year saying, "He's not going to change on that."[18]

Bush administration and Secretary of Labor[edit]

Dole served asUnited States Secretary of Laborfrom 1989 to 1990 under George H. W. Bush; she is the first woman to serve in two different Cabinet positions in the administrations of two presidents. Her tenure as both U.S. Transportation Secretary and U.S. Labor Secretary focused heavily on improving public safety and workplace safety and health.[citation needed]

American Red Cross presidency[edit]

In 1991, Dole became thepresidentof the American Red Cross.[19]She served until 1999. She was the second woman to serve as president sinceClara Bartonfounded the organization in 1881. She restructured the world's largest humanitarian organization during her eight years as president, serving as a volunteer in her first year. She also led a transformation of the way the Red Cross collects, tests, and distributes one-half of the nation's blood supply.[20]

1996 Republican National Convention[edit]

Dole's husbandBob Dolewas the Republican nominee in theUS presidential election of 1996.Elizabeth Dole, who would have becomeFirst Ladyhad her husband won the election, or theSecond Lady of the United States,had Gerald Ford won the1976 election,received recognition for her speech at the1996 Republican National Convention,during which she walked out into the audience while talking conversationally about her husband's qualities.[citation needed]

2000 United States presidential candidacy[edit]

Dole's presidential campaign logo

Elizabeth Dole ran for theRepublican nominationin the2000 United States presidential election.

Speculation of a presidential campaign became widespread after Dole announced her departure from her job as president of the Red Cross on January 4, 1999.[21]

Dole announced she was forming an exploratory committee on March 10, 1999.[22]

While Dole had been an active participant in her husband's campaign four years prior, he was largely absent from the campaign trail during her campaign.[23][24]

In August, Dole placed third – behindGeorge W. BushandSteve Forbes– in a large field in theIowa Straw Poll(the first, non-binding, test of electability for theRepublican Partynomination). The Iowa Straw Poll differed from the national polls where she was second only to Bush; SenatorJohn McCainwas in third place.[citation needed]

Dole withdrew from race in October 1999 before any of theprimaries,largely due to inadequatefundraisingeven though aGallup pollhad her in second place in the presidential race at 11% behind George W. Bush at 60% as late as October 1999.[25]

2000 vice presidential vetting[edit]

See also:2000 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection

Shortly before the2000 Republican National Conventionin Philadelphia, Bush campaign sources said Elizabeth Dole was on the short list to be named the vice-presidential nominee, along with Michigan GovernorJohn Engler,New York GovernorGeorge Pataki,Pennsylvania GovernorTom Ridge,and former Missouri SenatorJohn Danforth.[26]Many pundits believed that Dole was the frontrunner for the vice presidential nomination. Bush then surprised most pundits by selecting formerU.S. Secretary of DefenseDick Cheney,who was actually in charge of leading Bush's search for a vice presidential nominee.[citation needed]

United States Senate career[edit]

2002 Senate campaign[edit]

Main article:2002 United States Senate election in North Carolina

In late December 2001, Dole shifted her official residency from the Doles' condominium in theWatergate complexto her mother's home in Salisbury to seek election to the U.S. Senate.[27][28]The seat was made available by the retirement of RepublicanJesse Helms.Although Dole had not lived regularly in North Carolina since 1959 and had been a resident of the Washington area for most of the time since the mid-1960s, the state and national Republican establishment quickly cleared the field for her. She handily won the Republican primary with 80 percent of the vote over a lesser-known candidate,Ada Fisher.In the November general election, she defeated herDemocraticopponentErskine Bowles,a formerchief of staffto former PresidentBill Clinton,by an eight-point margin.

Her election to the Senate marked the first time a spouse of a former Senator was elected to the Senate from a different state from that of her spouse. (AlthoughKansasSenatorNancy Landon Kassebaummarried formerTennesseeSenatorHoward Baker,the marriage occurred after Kassebaum and Baker both had finished their service in the Senate.) Dole was criticized by Democrats (including then-North CarolinaSenatorJohn Edwardsand her challenger,Erskine Bowles) during her first Senate campaign over the fact that for over 40 years prior to her nomination, she had not lived in North Carolina.

In November 2004, following Republican gains in the United States Senate, Dole narrowly edged out SenatorNorm Colemanof Minnesota for the post of chairman of theNational Republican Senatorial Committee.She is the first woman to become chair of the NRSC. During her election cycle as chairperson, her Democratic Party counterpart, SenatorChuck Schumerraised significantly more money, and experienced more success in recruiting candidates. In the November election, Dole's party lost six U.S. Senate seats to the Democrats, thus losing control of the U.S. Senate. Dole was replaced as NRSC chair by SenatorJohn EnsignofNevadafollowing the 2006 midterms.

2008 Senate re-election campaign[edit]

Main article:2008 United States Senate election in North Carolina

Dole was initially a heavy favorite for re-election, especially after several potential top-tier challengers such as CongressmanBrad Miller,GovernorMike Easleyand former GovernorJim Huntall declined to compete against Dole.[29][30]Ultimately,Kay Hagan,astate senatorfromGreensboro,won the Democratic primary election against Jim Neal and became Dole's general election opponent. Reports late in the campaign suggested that Dole suffered fromBarack Obama's decision to aggressively contest North Carolina in the presidential election,[31]while Hagan received substantial support from independent527 groupslobbying/advertising against Dole,[30]as well as the Democratic Senate Campaign Committee, which spent more money in North Carolina than in any other state during the 2008 election season.[30]Dole undertook an eight-day "ElizaBus" tour of the state in the days leading up to election day.[32]

In late October, Dole released a controversial television ad attacking Hagan for reportedly taking donations from individuals involved in theGodless Americans PAC,a group that advocates for the rights of people who do not believe in God. The ad also included a female voice saying, "There is no god." Hagan's campaign said the ad sought to put inflammatory words in their candidate's mouth. Hagan, who was a member of thePresbyterian Churchand a formerSunday schoolteacher,[33]condemned the ad as "fabricated and pathetic," and, according to Hagan's campaign website, a cease-and-desist letter was "hand-delivered to Dole's Raleigh office and to her home at the Watergate in Washington, DC."[34]Hagan also filed a lawsuit inWake CountySuperior Court accusing Dole ofdefamationandlibel.[35][36]The ad met significant criticism from some members of the public as well as national media outlets. After the first ad Hagan received over 3,600 contributions, including major donors as well as individual support from a range of persons who believed in the right to participate in civil government free of religious orthodoxy requirements. Following the second ad Hagan's lead doubled according to some polls.[37]

In the 2008 election, Dole lost by a wider-than-expected margin, taking 44 percent of the vote to Hagan's 53 percent. It has been speculated that the outcry over the "Godless" ad contributed to Dole's loss.[38]Hagan trounced Dole in the state's five largest counties –Mecklenburg,Wake,Guilford,ForsythandDurham.Hagan also dominated most of the eastern portion of the state, which had been the backbone of Helms' past Senate victories. While Dole dominated theCharlottesuburbs and most of the heavily Republican Foothills region, it was not enough to save her seat.

Political positions[edit]

Dole's voting record was somewhat more conservative than that of her husband, though slightly less conservative than that of Helms. She has a lifetime rating of 92 from theAmerican Conservative Union.[citation needed]

Dole worked with other senators such asChuck Hagelto draft and attempt to pass legislation reforming housing financing regulation; the bill did not go up for a vote.[39]

In September 2008, Dole joined theGang of 20,a bipartisan group working towards comprehensive energy reform, which pushed for a bill that would encourage state-by-state decisions onoffshore drillingand authorize billions of dollars for conservation and alternative energy.[40]

As a member of theU.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services,Dole is credited with helping to prevent any closures of North Carolina military bases despite threats from theDepartment of Defense.[41]In 2007, she sponsored legislation which would have granted federal recognition of a North Carolina Native American tribe, theLumbeebased inRobeson County.[42]

Committee assignments[edit]

Dole was a member of the following U.S. Senate committees:

After politics: Elizabeth Dole Foundation[edit]

Dole withNancy PelosiandJohn McCainat a 2014 meeting of the congressional "Hidden Heroes Caucus"

In 2012, Dole established the Elizabeth Dole Foundation,[43]dedicated to helping caregivers of "wounded warriors".[44]

Dole commissioned theRAND Corporationto develop the first nationwide comprehensive, evidence-based report on the needs of military and veteran caregivers.[45]The two-year study includes an environmental scan of available services, a gap analysis, and recommendations for meeting the enormous challenges of America's hidden helpers – the young spouses, mothers, fathers and other loved ones caring for those who cared for us. The study was generously supported by theWounded Warrior Project,theLilly Endowment,and the Cannon Foundation.[46]

The foundation selects military and veteran caregivers from each state to serve a two-year Fellowship with the foundation. The Dole Fellows represent a vast array of military caregivers: spouses, parents, siblings and friends, and use their voice to help bring awareness on a national scale.[47]The foundation also has a National Coalition Program to bring together private and public entities to create substantial change.[48]in 2022 the foundation selected and began working with the civil rights icon and veteranBobby Grier.[49][50]

ActorTom Hanksjoined the foundation's Hidden Heroes Campaign to bring awareness to the over 5.5 million military caregivers across America who are facing enormous challenges every day caring for members of the military and gravely injured veterans.[51]

Books[edit]

Author[edit]

  • Dole, Bob & Elizabeth with Richard Norton Smith (1988).The Doles: Unlimited Partners.Simon & Schuster.ISBN0-671-60202-0.The book was first released during Bob Dole's presidential candidacy.[52](re-release)Unlimited Partners: Our American Story.Simon & Schuster, 1996.ISBN0-684-83401-4
  • Dole, Elizabeth (2004)Hearts Touched by Fire: My 500 Most Inspirational Quotations.Carroll & Graf.ISBN0-7867-1428-X

Subject[edit]

  • Lucas, Eileen (1998)Elizabeth Dole: A Leader In Washington.The Millbrook Press.ISBN0-7613-0203-4
  • Wertheimer, Molly Meijer and Gutgold, Nichola D. (2004)Elizabeth Hanford Dole: Speaking from the Heart.Praeger Publishers.ISBN0-275-98378-1online

Charity work[edit]

Dole accepted no salary from the Red Cross during her first year as president of the organization.[53]

Dole is an honorary board member of the humanitarian organizationWings of Hope.[54]

Awards[edit]

In 1995, Dole was inducted into theNational Women's Hall of Fame.[55]

In 1999, Dole received the S. Roger Horchow Award for Greatest Public Service by a Private Citizen, an award given out annually byJefferson Awards.[56]

In 2014, Dole was inducted intoIndiana Wesleyan University's Society of World Changers for her humanitarian public service efforts.[57]

In July 2018, Dole was honored with the 4th annualLeo K. ThorsnessLeadership Award. Named after the Medal of Honor recipient, the award recognizes outstanding service to veteran communities.[58][59]

In September 2023, Dole was awarded the United States Military Academies highest civilian award, theSylvanus Thayer Award.Named after the father of the academy, the award recognizes outstanding selfless service to the nation.

In 2024, Dole was awarded thePresidential Medal of Freedomby PresidentJoe Biden.[60]

Electoral history[edit]

See also:2002 United States Senate election in North Carolinaand2008 United States Senate election in North Carolina
North Carolina U.S. Senate election, 2002[61]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Elizabeth Dole 1,248,664 53.56 +0.92
Democratic Erskine Bowles 1,047,983 44.96 -0.96
Libertarian Sean Haugh 33,807 1.45 +0.46
write-in Paul DeLaney 727 0.03 +0.02
Majority 200,681 8.6 +1.88
Turnout 2,331,181
Republicanhold
North Carolina U.S. Senate Republican primary election, 2008[62]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Elizabeth Dole (incumbent) 460,665 90.0
Republican Pete DiLauro 51,406 10.0
Turnout 512,071
North Carolina U.S. Senate election, 2008[63]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Kay Hagan 2,249,311 52.65 +7.7
Republican Elizabeth Dole (incumbent) 1,887,510 44.18 -9.4
Libertarian Chris Cole 133,430 3.12 +1.6
Other write-ins 1,719 0.0 0
Majority 361,801 8.47
Turnout 4,271,970
DemocraticgainfromRepublican Swing

See also[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ^abMary Ella Cathey Hanford, "Asbury and Hanford Families: Newly Discovered Genealogical Information"The Historical Trail33 (1996), pp. 44–45, 49.
  2. ^"Ancestry of Elizabeth Dole (b. 1936)".Wargs.com.RetrievedJune 17,2010.
  3. ^Duke University Archives. The Registrar's statistics for Fall 1957 show that 25 men and 12 women seniors were majoring in political science. In the 1958 Commencement Program, hers is the only name listed for departmental honors.
  4. ^"Distinguished Deltas". Delta Delta Delta. Retrieved March 25, 2010
  5. ^"Elizabeth Dole at Duke University".Duke University Archives. Archived fromthe originalon January 11, 2010.RetrievedJuly 23,2013.
  6. ^Leonard, Mary (September 21, 1999)."Dole Returns to Melrose Classroom".The Boston Globe.RetrievedJanuary 8,2009.
  7. ^abcGreenhouse, Linda (December 25, 1988)."A Career in the Capital; Woman in the News: Elizabeth Hanford Dole".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedMarch 18,2020.
  8. ^"DOLE, Elizabeth Hanford - US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives".history.house.gov.
  9. ^"Elizabeth Dole | Distinguished Service Medal | The American Legion".www.legion.org.The American Legion.RetrievedFebruary 21,2021.
  10. ^"DOLE, Elizabeth Hanford | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives".history.house.gov.United States House of Representatives.RetrievedFebruary 21,2021.
  11. ^"Dole to Give HBS Class Day Speech | News | The Harvard Crimson".www.thecrimson.com.RetrievedMarch 18,2020.
  12. ^"Elizabeth Dole".CNN.RetrievedMay 1,2010.
  13. ^abElizabeth Hanford Dole, "For Such a Time As This: A Personal Statement of Faith"The Historical Trail33 (1996) p. 26
  14. ^"Moscow-Pullman Daily News - Google News Archive Search".news.google.com.
  15. ^"History Day - Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)".Robert and Elizabeth Dole Archive and Special Collections.April 17, 2013. Archived fromthe originalon May 17, 2022.RetrievedApril 17,2022.
  16. ^Kornacki, Steve."Liberals are not uniquely" unreasonable "".Salon.Archived fromthe originalon May 2, 2012.RetrievedNovember 26,2011.
  17. ^"The 'L' Word".Newsweek.March 17, 1996.Archivedfrom the original on May 1, 2009.RetrievedDecember 14,2021.
  18. ^"CAMPAIGN NOTES; Elizabeth Dole Suspends Push for Rights Measure".The New York Times.RetrievedApril 17,2022.
  19. ^"Robert and Elizabeth Dole Archive and Special Collections".dolearchives.ku.edu.RetrievedApril 12,2023.
  20. ^"Senator Elizabeth Dole".elizabethdolefoundation.org.Archivedfrom the original on October 30, 2017.RetrievedDecember 14,2021.
  21. ^Balz, Dan (January 4, 1999)."Elizabeth Dole Set to Leave Red Cross".The Washington Post.RetrievedMay 29,2021.
  22. ^"Dole announces presidential exploratory committee - March 10, 1999".CNN.March 10, 1999.RetrievedMay 29,2021.
  23. ^West, Paul (October 21, 1999)."Elizabeth Dole drops presidential campaign".The Baltimore Sun.RetrievedMay 29,2021– via Newspapers.com.
  24. ^"ELECTION 2000: Elizabeth Dole: What killed her campaign?".products.kitsapsun.com.Kitsap Sun. Archived fromthe originalon August 12, 2022.RetrievedMay 29,2021.
  25. ^"Cain Surges, Nearly Ties Romney for Lead in GOP Preferences".Gallup.com.RetrievedOctober 10,2011.
  26. ^Starr, Alexandra (July 1999)."Running Mates: Who will be on the ticket in 2000?".The Washington Monthly.Archived fromthe originalon March 5, 2000.
  27. ^"Elizabeth Dole FEC Filing and Deed"(PDF).Pam's House Blend. December 26, 2001.RetrievedAugust 1,2008.[permanent dead link]
  28. ^"Elizabeth Dole Gives Hint of Senate Race".The New York Times.August 24, 2001.RetrievedAugust 1,2008.
  29. ^"Winston-Salem Journal - Democrats are scouting candidates to beat Dole".September 27, 2007. Archived fromthe originalon September 27, 2007.
  30. ^abc"Is the Southern Strategy Dead?".American Prospect.October 24, 2008. Archived fromthe originalon August 10, 2011.RetrievedOctober 26,2008.
  31. ^"Scrambling the red states".The Economist.October 23, 2008.RetrievedOctober 23,2008.
  32. ^"Dole, Hagan finishing pitch to voters".Raleigh News & Observer.November 2, 2008. Archived fromthe originalon December 6, 2008.RetrievedNovember 24,2008.
  33. ^Brown, Campbell.Commentary: Mudslinging to get elected.CNN.October 29, 2008.
  34. ^KayHagan.com.Kay on Dole Ad Attacking Her Christian Faith: A Fabricated, Pathetic AdArchivedMay 30, 2012, at theWayback Machine.October 30, 2008.
  35. ^Dole Sued for 'Godless' Attack AdArchivedJanuary 20, 2016, at theWayback Machine,ABC News.October 30, 2008.
  36. ^Dole challenger irate over suggestion she is 'godless'⁠.CNN.October 30, 2008.
  37. ^"Dole's mistake: 'Godless' ad drove donors, voters to Hagan".The Miami Herald.November 11, 2008.RetrievedNovember 18,2008.[dead link]
  38. ^Barbara Barrett (November 5, 2008)."N.C. voters deny Dole, elect Hagan to U.S. Senate".The Miami Herald.RetrievedJanuary 22,2009.
  39. ^"Watt and Cobb battle for 12th District seat".Davidson County Dispatch. October 16, 2008. Archived fromthe originalon December 25, 2008.RetrievedOctober 16,2008.
  40. ^"Klobuchar joins bipartisan energy group".Star Tribune.September 12, 2008.RetrievedJune 17,2010.
  41. ^"Looking for real reform in the governor's race".Independent Weekly.October 15, 2008. Archived fromthe originalon November 23, 2008.RetrievedNovember 25,2008.
  42. ^"A steadfast few".Daily Tarheel.November 25, 2008. Archived fromthe originalon April 8, 2009.RetrievedNovember 26,2008.
  43. ^"The Elizabeth Dole Foundation".The Elizabeth Dole Foundation.
  44. ^"Newly established Elizabeth Dole Foundation to help 'hidden heroes'".Salisbury Post.March 9, 2013. Archived fromthe originalon February 22, 2014.
  45. ^Ramchand, Rajeev; Tanielian, Terri; Fisher, Michael P.; Vaughan, Christine Anne; Trail, Thomas E.; Batka, Caroline; Voorhies, Phoenix; Robbins, Michael W.; Robinson, Eric; Ghosh-Dastidar, Bonnie (December 26, 2017)."Hidden Heroes: America's Military Caregivers".RetrievedAugust 3,2018.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  46. ^"Landmark Research - The Elizabeth Dole Foundation".RetrievedAugust 3,2018.
  47. ^"Dole Caregiver Fellows - The Elizabeth Dole Foundation".RetrievedAugust 3,2018.
  48. ^"Hidden Heroes - The Elizabeth Dole Foundation".RetrievedAugust 3,2018.
  49. ^"Robert Grier".February 11, 2018.
  50. ^"Neighbor Spotlight: Wexford man's family featured in film chronicling sandwich generation of caregivers".July 2021.
  51. ^"Hidden Heroes - The Elizabeth Dole Foundation".RetrievedAugust 3,2018.
  52. ^Kolbert, Elizabeth (November 3, 1996)."Memoirs without Revelations".The New York Times.RetrievedOctober 28,2007.
  53. ^"Women in Congress - Elizabeth Dole, Senator from North Carolina".Archived fromthe originalon November 3, 2010.RetrievedNovember 14,2010.
  54. ^".: The Official Wings Of Hope Homepage".Wings-of-hope.org.RetrievedJune 17,2010.
  55. ^"Dole, Elizabeth Hanford".National Women’s Hall of Fame.
  56. ^"National - Jefferson Awards Foundation".Archived fromthe originalon November 24, 2010.RetrievedAugust 3,2018.
  57. ^"Dole - World Changers - About - Indiana Wesleyan University".www.indwes.edu.
  58. ^"Elizabeth Dole to receive award named for Medal of Honor recipient Leo K. Thorsness".Stars and Stripes.Archived fromthe originalon January 21, 2021.RetrievedJanuary 15,2021.
  59. ^"America's Warrior Partnership Honors Former U.S. Senator Elizabeth Dole With Fourth Annual Leo Thorsness Leadership Award – Veterans News Report".July 31, 2018.RetrievedJanuary 15,2021.
  60. ^"President Biden Announces Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom".The White House. May 3, 2024.RetrievedMay 3,2024.
  61. ^"Breaking News".CNN.
  62. ^"NC State Board of Elections website".Results.enr.clarityelections.com.RetrievedJune 17,2010.
  63. ^"NC State Board of Elections website".Results.enr.clarityelections.com. November 14, 2008.RetrievedJune 17,2010.

External links[edit]

Political offices
Preceded by Director of the Office of Public Liaison
1981–1983 		Succeeded by
Preceded by United States Secretary of Transportation
1983–1987 		Succeeded by
Preceded by United States Secretary of Labor
1989–1990 		Succeeded by
Non-profit organization positions
Preceded by President of theAmerican Red Cross
1991–1999 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Republicannominee forU.S. SenatorfromNorth Carolina
(Class 2)
2002,2008 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chair of theNational Republican Senatorial Committee
2005–2007 		Succeeded by
U.S. Senate
Preceded by U.S. Senator (Class 2) from North Carolina
2003–2009
Served alongside:John Edwards,Richard Burr 		Succeeded by
U.S. order of precedence(ceremonial)
Preceded byas Former US Cabinet Member Order of precedence of the United States
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