Embryokine
Embryokines(Greek:embryuon"embryo" +kinōs"movement" ) are regulatory molecules produced by the oviduct and endometrium in the reproductive tract that modulateembryonic growth and development.[1][2]
Embryokines include growth factors such asinsulin-like growth factor-1,andactivinatransforming growth factor;cytokinessuch ascolony stimulating factor 2,[3][4]WNT regulatory proteins includingDKK1;[5]Other small moleculeamino acidsare included that regulate embryonic development through themTORsignalling pathway.Prostacyclin 1can activateperoxisome proliferator-activated receptor 6to increaseblastocysthatching, andcannabinoidsthat can also act to regulate implantation and development.[2]
References
[edit]- ^Hansen PJ, Dobbs KD, Denicol AC (September 2014). "Programming of the preimplantation embryo by the embryokine colony stimulating factor 2".Animal Reproduction Science.149(1–2): 59–66.doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.05.017.PMID24954585.
- ^abHansen, PJ; Dobbs, KB; Denicol, AC; Siqueira, LGB (January 2016)."Sex and the preimplantation embryo: implications of sexual dimorphism in the preimplantation period for maternal programming of embryonic development".Cell and Tissue Research.363(1): 237–247.doi:10.1007/s00441-015-2287-4.PMC4703572.PMID26391275.
- ^Block J, Hansen PJ, Loureiro B, Bonilla L (December 2011)."Improving post-transfer survival of bovine embryos produced in vitro: actions of insulin-like growth factor-1, colony stimulating factor-2 and hyaluronan".Theriogenology.76(9): 1602–1609.doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.07.025.PMID21890189.
- ^Yoshioka K, Suzuki C, Iwamura S (January 2000). "Effects of activin A and follistatin on developmental kinetics of bovine embryos: cinematographic analysis in a chemically defined medium".Journal of Reproduction and Fertility.118(1): 119–125.doi:10.1530/jrf.0.1180119(inactive 2024-03-30).PMID10793633.
{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (link) - ^Denicol AC, Block J, Kelley KG, Dobbs KB, Mortensen CJ, Ortega MS, Hansen PJ (September 2014)."The WNT signaling antagonist Dickkopf-1 directs lineage commitment and promotes survival of the preimplantation embryo".FASEB Journal.28(9): 3975–3986.doi:10.1096/fj.14-253112.PMC5395727.PMID24858280.