Eva Hart

Eva Hart MBE
Hart in 1993
Born	(1905-01-31)31 January 1905 Ilford,Essex,England
Died	14 February 1996(1996-02-14)(aged 91) Chadwell Heath,London,England

Eva Miriam HartMBE(31 January 1905 – 14 February 1996) was a British woman who was one of the last remaining survivors ofthe sinkingofRMSTitanicon 15 April 1912. At the time of the sinking of the Titanic, she was 7 years old.

Biography

Early life

Eva's father Benjamin (who died aboardTitanic), Eva and her motherEsther

Eva Hart was born on 31 January 1905 inIlford,Essex(now part ofGreater London),England,to a Jewish father and a Christian mother.Her parents were Benjamin Hart and his wifeEsther (née Bloomfield).Eva was their only child. Esther had been previously married and had nine children from her first marriage. Eva was educated at St. Mary's Convent (later St. Mary's Hare Park) inGidea Park,London. In early 1912, Benjamin decided his family would emigrate toWinnipeg,Manitoba,Canada. He was influenced by his brother, who already lived there and economic recessions at that time in England, in his decision to emigrate.

AboardTitanic

Eva was seven years old when she and her parents boardedTitanicas second-class passengers on April 10, 1912. They had been booked on theSSPhiladelphia,but a coal strike atSouthamptonthat spring kept her from sailing and many of her passengers were transferred toTitanic.Eva's mother allegedly felt uneasy aboutTitanicand feared that some catastrophe would happen; thehubrisof calling a ship unsinkable was, in her mind, flying in the face of God.With such fear, Eva's mother slept only during the day and stayed awake in their cabin at night fully dressed.

Eva was sleeping whenTitanicstruck anicebergat 11:40 pm on April 14. Her mother was awake at the time and felt "a slight bump". She immediately asked her husband to investigate the disturbance and he reluctantly left the cabin. Upon his return, he alerted her and Eva to the collision and, after wrapping Eva in a blanket, he carried her to the boat deck. Eva's father placed his wife and daughter inLifeboat No. 14and told her to "be a good girl and hold Mummy's hand".It was the last thing he ever said to her and the last time she ever saw him; he perished in the sinking and his body, if recovered, was never identified.

Eva and her mother were rescued the following morning by the rescue shipRMSCarpathia.Soon after arriving inNew York Cityon April 18, Eva and her mother returned to the UK, because her mother never wanted to set sail for New York in the first place. Eva was plagued with nightmares and upon the death of her mother in 1928, when Hart was 23, she confronted her fears head-on by booking a ticket on a passenger ship heading toSingapore,upon which she locked herself in her cabin for four straight days until the nightmares went away.

In April 2012, an audio walking guide toTitanicmemorials inSouthamptonwas produced, featuring audio clips of Hart talking about her experience. The guide takes the listener on a walking route around Southampton, whereTitanicset sail on her maiden voyage. Being seven years old at the time of the sinking, she maintained several vivid memories:

We went on the day on the boat train. I was 7, I had never seen a ship before. It looked very big. Everybody was very excited. We went down to the cabin and that's when my mother said to my father that she had made up her mind quite firmly that she would not go to bed in that ship. She would sit up at night. She decided that she wouldn't go to bed at night and she didn't! One fact about the beautifulTitanicis that some said theTitanicwas 'unsinkable' but now it went world wide that theTitanichas sunk and there were an estimated 700-1,500 survivors. "I saw that ship sink," Hart said in a 1993 interview. "I never closed my eyes. I didn't sleep at all. I saw it, I heard it, and nobody could possibly forget it. I can remember the colours, the sounds, everything... The worst thing I can remember are the screams. It seemed as if once everybody had gone, drowned, finished, the whole world was standing still. There was nothing, just this deathly, terrible silence in the dark night with the stars overhead.Hart recalled hearing theship's bandplaying "Nearer My God to Thee"as the ship succumbed to the ocean.

Career

Hart had several jobs during her life. She was a professional singer in Australia, aConservative Partyorganiser,and amagistrate.As a volunteer in theSecond World War,Hart organised entertainment for the troops and distributed emergency supplies to people afterThe Blitz.She was a member ofSoroptimist Internationalof East London from 1962 until her death, serving as club president during 1970–71 and as a member for 34 years.

Honours

In the1974 New Year Honours List,Hart was appointed aMember of the Order of the British Empire(MBE) "for political and public services in London."It was presented to her by theDuke of Kentduring theThree-Day Week.

Commentary about the disaster

Letter written by Eva and her mother Esther, to Eva's grandmother, on the night of the sinking. It was auctioned in April 2014 for the price of £119,000. It only survived because it had been placed in Benjamin Hart's jacket which was given to her to keep her warm. It is reported to be the last written communication from the RMS Titanic.

Hart frequently criticised theWhite Star Linefor failing to provide enough lifeboats for all aboardTitanic:"If a ship is torpedoed, that's war. If it strikes a rock in a storm, that's nature. But just to die because there weren't enough lifeboats, that's ridiculous."The official report of the British Inquiry suggests, however, that additional boats would not necessarily have made any difference; the crew did not properly launch all of the boats it had in the available time, and there was no boat drill and no advance information given to the crew on what should be done in the event of emergency.

Hart insisted in interviews that the ship had broken in half,a widely debated rumour that was later proven to be true after the discovery of the wreck site byRobert Ballardin 1985. She was also adamant regarding the controversy surroundingSSCalifornian,a ship that was only a few miles fromTitanicand yet failed to respond to distress rockets and calls for help.Hart claimed the vessel was less than 10 miles (16 km) fromTitanic,not 19 miles (31 km) as was previously believed:

I saw [theCalifornian]. It was terribly close...I didn't see a ship nineteen miles away. I saw a ship that was so close; and they said at the time it was less than nine miles away, [and yet] now they're trying to say it was nineteen... I saw it you know, and it wasn't just 'lights on the horizon' – you could see it was a ship. And I saw our rockets being fired, which that ship must have seen. Well, this inquiry says that they did see it but they didn't think it was a portent of danger. I would have thought in the middle of the Atlantic in the middle of the night that rockets must mean trouble.

When salvaging efforts at the wreck site began in 1987, Hart was quick to note thatTitanicwas a gravesite and should be treated as such. She often decried the "insensitivity and greed" and labelled the salvagers "fortune hunters, vultures, pirates, and grave robbers."InTitanic: The Complete Story,she stated:

I hope severely that they will never attempt to raise part of it. I do hope they will remember this is a grave – a grave of 1,500 people who should never have died, and I don't think you should go down there and rob graves and I'm very much opposed to it.

Later life

Hart remained active inTitanic-related activities well into her 80s. In 1982, she returned to the US and joined several other survivors at aTitanic Historical Societyconvention commemorating the 70th anniversary of the sinking. She participated in three more conventions in 1987, 1988, and in 1992.In 1994, she wrote an autobiography,Shadow of the Titanic – A Survivor's Story,in which she described her experiences aboard the ship and the lasting implications of its sinking. On April 15, 1995, the 83rd anniversary of the disaster, she and fellow second-classTitanicsurvivorEdith Browndedicated a memorial garden plaque on the grounds of theNational Maritime Museumin London.

Death

Hart died from cancer on February 14, 1996, in a hospice in London, two weeks after her 91st birthday. Her death left eight remaining survivors.In her memory, aWetherspoon'spubinChadwell Heath,where she lived, in Japan Road, was named 'The Eva Hart'.

In popular culture

Hart's connection to theTitanicand her active involvement in later years made her popular in numerous forms of media, including mentions innon-fictionbooks, museums andexhibitions.

• Several Titanicdocumentaries,includingTitanicain 1995, feature interviews with Hart.
• Shadow of the Titanic,published by Chadwell Publishers in 1994, is the biography of Hart written by Professor Ronald C. Denney in collaboration with her. Various republications have been released since its first publication, with minor changes.
• Eva and Little Kitty on the Titanic,is a children's book published by Sidsel Media in 2012, based on Hart's account of the disaster.
• James Cameron's 1997 filmTitanicfeatures a scene where a father says to his daughter, "You hold Mommy's hand and be a good little girl"; this is a reference to Hart's father, Benjamin, who spoke similar words the night of the disaster, when she was put into a lifeboat. An interview with her was also included in a behind-the-scenes documentary about the 1997 film.

External links

• Eva Hart (1992) interviewed by the writer Iain Cameron Williams:RMSTitanic:J. P. Morgan’s connection and a firsthand account of the disaster by Eva Hart

• https://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/titanic-survivor/eva-hart.html?_escaped_fragment_=comment=1514