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Evesham

Coordinates:52°05′31″N1°56′49″W/ 52.092°N 1.947°W/52.092; -1.947
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This article is about the town in Worcestershire. For other uses, seeEvesham (disambiguation).

Evesham
Evesham is located in Worcestershire
Evesham
Evesham
Location withinWorcestershire
Population27,684 (2021 Census)[1]
OS grid referenceSP0343
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townEVESHAM
Postcode districtWR11
Dialling code01386
PoliceWest Mercia
FireHereford and Worcester
AmbulanceWest Midlands
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Worcestershire
52°05′31″N1°56′49″W/ 52.092°N 1.947°W/52.092; -1.947

Evesham(/ˈiːv(ɪ)ʃəm,ˈiːsəm/)[2]is amarket townandparishin theWychavondistrict ofWorcestershire,in theWest Midlandsregion of England. It is located roughly equidistant betweenWorcester,CheltenhamandStratford-upon-Avon.It lies within the Vale of Evesham, an area comprising theflood plainof theRiver Avon,which has been renowned formarket gardening.The town centre, situated within ameanderof the river, is subjected regularly to flooding.The 2007 floodswere the most severe inrecorded history.

The town was founded around an 8th-centuryabbey,one of the largest in Europe, which was destroyed during theDissolution of the Monasteries,with onlyAbbot Lichfield's Bell Towerremaining. During the 13th century, one of the two main battles of England'sSecond Barons' Wartook place near the town, marking the victory of Prince Edward, who later became KingEdward I;this was theBattle of Evesham.

History[edit]

Toponymy[edit]

The Market Place in Evesham,circa1904 byEdmund Hort New.
See also:History of Worcestershire

Evesham is derived from theOld Englishhommeorham,[3]andEof,[4]the name of a swineherd in the service of Egwin, third bishop ofWorcester.It was originally namedHommeorHaum[5]and recorded asEveshommein 709 andEveshamin 1086.[4]The second part of the name (hommeorham) typically only signifies a home or dwelling, but in Worcestershire and Gloucestershire was commonly applied to land on the sides of a river, generally in bends of a river, which were liable to flood.[6][a]

Abbey[edit]

Evesham Abbey bell tower

Evesham Abbey,which became possibly the third largest in England,[8]was founded bySaint Egwin,the thirdBishop of Worcester,in around 701 AD, following thevision of the Virgin Maryto a localswineherdorshepherdnamedEof.[9][10]

An entry in theGreat Domesday Bookof 1086 lists Evesham, mentioning "Two free men; Two radmen; Abbey of St Mary of Evesham; Abbey of St Mary of Pershore; Edmund, Abbot of St Mary of Pershore; Walter, Abbot of St Mary of Evesham; Aethelwig, Abbot of St Mary of Evesham; King William as donor; Odo, Bishop of Bayeux; Ranulph; Turstin, Abbot of St Mary of Pershore; Walter Ponther; Westminster, Gilbert Crispin, Abbot of St Peter."[11]

The abbey was redeveloped and extended after theNorman Conquest,employing many tradesmen and significantly contributing to the growth of Evesham.[12]Income for the abbey came frompilgrimsto the abbey to celebrate the vision and visitors to the tomb of Simon de Montfort. As a result ofHenry VIII'sdissolution of the monasteries,Evesham Abbey was dismantled in 1540 and sold as building stone, leaving little but the Lichfield Bell Tower.[13]The abbey remains are aScheduled Ancient Monument(No. WT253), and parts of the abbey complex, Abbot Reginald's Wall (registered monument) and the ruins of Abbot Chryton's Wall (Grade II), areEnglish Heritagelisted buildings.[14]The abbey'scoat of armsis used as the crest ofPrince Henry's High School.Two surviving buildings with links to the abbey are theMiddle Littleton Tythe Barnand theAlmonry Museum and Heritage Centre,which is housed in the oldalmonryof the abbey and also displays artefacts from excavations there.[15][16]

Battle[edit]

Main article:Battle of Evesham

Following theBattle of Lewesa year earlier, whereSimon de Montforthad gained control of parliament, theBattle of Eveshamin August 1265 was the second of two main battles of theSecond Barons' War.It marked the victory ofPrince Edward,who led the 8,000 strong army of his fatherHenry III,over the 6,000 men of de Montfort, and the beginning of the end of the rebellion. The battle was a massacre; de Montfort's army were trapped in the horseshoe bend of the river,[17]Although Simon de Montfort and his son were killed, Prince Edward's victory was not decisive towards the King's hold on the country, and the struggle continued until 1267,[18][19]after which the kingdom returned to a period of unity and progress that was to last until the early 1290s.[20] During the battle the royal army wore theSaint George's Crossas their distinguishing mark.[21]It is believed that the Battle was one of the first times that the cross was used to officially represent England. According to the chroniclerWilliam Rishanger,when de Montfort saw the advance of the royal troops, he exclaimed that "They have not learned that for themselves, but were taught it by me."[22]

Town[edit]

The Almonry, originally part of Evesham Abbey

The medieval town developed within the meander of the River Avon, whileBengeworthdeveloped to the east on the opposite bank of the river. In 1055 a market was granted to the Saxon town by King Edward.[12]In the 11th centuryLeofric, Earl of Mercia,had a hunting lodge at Bengeworth. Leofric founded Holy Trinity Church with his wife Godifu (Lady Godiva). Godifu, who died in around 1067, is possibly buried at the abbey.[23]During the reign ofKing Stephen,William de Beauchamp erected anadulterine castleat Bengeworth, whose occupants vied for control of the town and abbey. When Abbot William had the castle destroyed between 1149 and 1159, he consecrated the site as a graveyard to prevent the castle being rebuilt.[24][25] Evesham was a borough and market town in thehundredofBlackenhurstin county of Worcestershire[5]and after 1837 head of the EveshamPoor Law Unionwhich took responsibility for the administration and funding of thePoor Law,and built aworkhousefor that area.[26]

Governance[edit]

Evesham Town Hall

Evesham Borough Council, which was based atEvesham Town Hall,administered the town until 1974 whenWychavon District Councilbecame the local authority.[27]Evesham is now a town and civil parish governed at the lowest tier of local government by Evesham Town Council, part of theWychavonDistrict of the County of Worcestershire. Residents in the eight council electoral wards are represented by 24 elected members. The wards, based on streets, are represented by elected councillors: Abbey (1), Avon (2), Bengeworth (5), Fairfield (1), Great Hampton (3), Little Hampton (5), South (5), Twyford (2). The council is chaired by a mayor, and has aTown Clerkwho acts as chief officer.[28]

Geography[edit]

Evesham is situated on a horseshoe-shaped peninsula almost completely surrounded by water in a meander of the River Avon betweenStratford-upon-AvonandTewkesbury.The modern town encompasses Bengeworth andGreater and Little Hampton,which were originally independent villages on the opposite bank of the river. Evesham is linked to Bengeworth by Workman Bridge and Hampton by Abbey Bridge, or New Bridge the first completely structural concrete bridge in the country.[29] TheCotswoldhills stretch from the east to the south-west, while to the west the area is bounded by theMalvern Hills.To the north the land is flat with gentle undulations.[30]The Avon, a tributary of theRiver Severn,is navigable but mainly used by leisure traffic and there is a marina providing moorings.

The River Avon at Evesham has always been susceptible to heavy flooding which is well documented from the 13th century. In May 1924 floods at Evesham ranked 5th in the annual flood list 1848 to 1935.[31]In May 1998, Evesham was one of the towns worst hit by record flooding along theRiver Avon.The river rose 19 feet (5.8 m) in just a few hours, sinking tetherednarrowboats,flooding areas ofBengeworth,and threatening the 19th-century Workman Bridge as static homes from a riverside caravan site broke up and became wedged in its arches. In July 2007 Evesham had its heaviest rainfall for 200 years, reaching more than 320% the average in some areas. In theSeverncatchment, it caused some of the heaviest floods recorded, and in Evesham the flooding was the worst in its recorded history.[32]

Location grid
Evesham
Climate chart (explanation)
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Source:[33]
Imperial conversion
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█Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█Precipitation totals in inches

Demography[edit]

At the2001 UK census,Evesham had a total population of 22,304. For every 100 females, there were 96.7 males. The average household size was 2.3.[34]Of those aged 16–74 in Evesham, 57.5% had no academic qualifications or oneGeneral Certificate of Secondary Education(GCSE),[35]above the figures for all of theWychavondistrict (44.2%) and England (45.5%).[36]According to the census, 2.4% were unemployed and 9.4% were economically inactive.[35]20.1% of the population were under the age of 16 and 7.7% were aged 75 and over; the mean age of the people of the civil parish was 38.2. 69.9% of residents described their health as "good", similar to the average of 69.1% for the wider district.[37]

Economy[edit]

Due to its exceptionally fertile soil,market gardeningis carried out on a commercial scale in the surrounding area, known as the Vale of Evesham, which is known for its production of fruit and vegetables. A distinctive form of leasehold tenure, known as theEvesham Custom,still regulates market garden tenancies in the area. A decline in the second half of the 20th century resulted in the closing of Evesham's Smithfield Market while the Central Market stopped being used for produce auctions.

The Riverside Shopping Centre

Between 1983 and 2008, Evesham was home to computer manufacturer Evesham Micros, later renamedEvesham Technology.It was a significant contributor to the United Kingdom's domestic computer and digital television market. At its peak, the company employed up to 300 people with a chain of 19 retail stores in towns and cities throughout the UK. It went into liquidation in 2008.[38]

Evesham's town centre provides a number of food outlets and some retail along its traditional high street and the Riverside Shopping Centre, though the latter is struggling with only 9 of the 40 units being occupied as of May 2024.[39]

Evesham is home to several out-of-town retail parks that draw shoppers away from the centre; these include Four Pools Lane Retail Park, Evesham Shopping Park, the Sinclair Retail Park, Charity Crescent Retail Park, and The Valley. The Valley (formerly Evesham Country Park), is a large retail and leisure park located out of town with a diversity of stores, restaurants and cafés.[40][41]The Vale includes the Evesham Vale Light Railwayminiature railway.[42][43][44][45][46]

Transport[edit]

Roads[edit]

In 1728, the London to Worcester road through Evesham wasturnpiked,as was the Evesham to Alcester road in 1778, improving communications in the area.[47]Evesham is at the junction of theA46andA44trunk roads – the 4-mile (6 km) £7 million, A46 single-carriageway bypass to the east of the town opened in July 1987 as the A435.[48]

Work began in September 2013 to replace the Abbey Bridge and was completed in March 2014.[49]

Water[edit]

The River Avon is a navigable waterway linking the River Severn atTewkesburyto theStratford-upon-Avon CanalatStratford-upon-Avon.The river between the town and Stratford is managed by the Upper Avon Navigation Trust and below by the Lower Avon Navigation Trust, reflecting the administration of the river since theRestoration,when the lower Avon required only modest repairs, but significant investment was required above the town.[50]The ancientHampton Ferrylinks the town toHampton.[51][52]

Railway[edit]

In 1845, anAct of Parliamentwas passed for theOxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railwayto be built;[5]Evesham railway stationwas subsequently opened betweenHoneybourneandPershore.The station is on theCotswold LinefromOxfordtoWorcester,Great MalvernandHereford.There are trains every 45–55 minutes toLondonPaddingtonthat take approximately 1 hour 45 minutes and trains to Birmingham take around 90 minutes, including a change at Worcester.

Education[edit]

Schools in Evesham follow thethree-tier educationmodel offirst school(ages 5–10),middle school(ages 10–13), andhigh school(ages 13–18) adopted byWychavon District Council1974 and completed by 1977. Twelve first (primary) schools which include state non-denominational schools as well asChurch of EnglandBengeworth AcademyandRoman Catholicschool feed four middle schools which in turn send their pupils to complete their secondary education atThe De Montfort SchoolandPrince Henry's High Schoolwhich originated as agrammar schoolestablished by the monastery and was re-founded by Henry VIII after the Dissolution.[5]TheVale of Evesham School,operated by Worcestershire County Council, caters for children from the area aged 2 – 19 with special needs, and learning disabilities. Further education is provided by Evesham College, part of theWarwickshire College Groupfollowing the merger with South Worcestershire College(previously known as Evesham and Malvern Hills College)[53]which caters mainly for students studying at theNVQandBTEClevel or undertaking practical vocational courses.[54] [55]

The nearest higher education providers are theUniversity of Worcesterand theUniversity of Gloucestershire. AUniversity of the Third Agewas established in 2003 and in 2010 had 600 members.[56]

Places of worship[edit]

The 1906 sandstone and red brick Evesham Methodist Church on the banks of the River Avon
All Saints Church Evesham

It is possible that the 8th-century Anglo-Saxon Minster Church of Evesham Abbey was founded on the site of an even older church. Themedievaltown had two parish churches,All SaintsandSt Lawrencebuilt within the abbey precinct.[12]Religious establishments in Evesham include All Saints Church, Evesham Baptist Church, EveshamEvangelicalChurch, EveshamMethodistChurch, St Andrew'sC of EChurch, St Mary &Saint Egwin's Church, St Peter's Church, Vale Of Evesham Christian Centre, the Unitarian Chapel in Oat Street and aQuakermeeting place.

Culture, Media and Sport[edit]

Culture[edit]

Evesham had a distinctive dialect, which locals called "Asum Grammar",[57]or "Asum Grammer". The editor of the local newspaper quoted extracts from a fictitious dictionary of the language.[58]In 1891, a glossary was published of words and phrases in South-East Worcestershire, comprising the district around Evesham and Pershore. This publication itself built on that of an 1882 author identified only as "Mrs Chamberlain".[59]Prior to the 1882 book, little attention had been paid to the dialect of "the old Worcestershire folks", despite it being "interesting and peculiar". A decline in the dialect was already being noted, attributed at that time to standardisation of English schooling,[60]something noted also by later writers on English dialects.[61]The dialect continues to decline, but is stronger in older generations.[57]More recent factors in its decline are attributed to changes in the market gardening scene, where the dialect was to be heard at its fullest, and the impact of television.[58]In the local dialect, "Asum" is a contraction of the town's name.[57][62]Asum was analeproduced by the now defunct Evesham Brewery. "Eve-shum" is the more common phonetic pronunciation, but "Eve-uh-shum" is not uncommon.[62]

The art deco Regal Cinema

The Henrician Evesham was built in 1979 and is staffed and operated by volunteers and managed by The Prince Henry's Evesham Arts Theatre Trust.[63]It provides a venue for professional and amateur performance. Events hosted include drama, stand-up comedy, brass bands, orchestras,pantomimeto ballet. The centre has araked312-seatauditorium,full technical facilities and film projection and a 60-seat studio space for smaller productions. The centre's foyer it is an exhibition space for local artists. The centre was managed by the Evesham Arts Association until 2020. The Henrician Evesham is now managed by Prince Henry's Evesham Arts Theatre Trust aregistered charity.[64]

The Regal Cinema reopened in December 2009.[65]Its Grade II listed building was designed in 1932 by architectHurley Robinson.[66][67]who was responsible for several public buildings in classical andArt Decostyles, including 55 other cinemas.[67]The Regal is the most important surviving example.[68]In 2009 the cinema signed a contract to show allUniversal Studiosfilms. It also serves as a community arts centre, offering a programme of music and stand-up comedy.[69] The other public Art Deco building in the town is the former Plough, which replaced an 18th century public house on the Market Place in 1936. Since then it became a bar and grill under a variety of different names and has been recently refurbished.[70]

Medieval Evesham, and the Earl of Evesham, inspired a novelWinning His Spursby historical fiction authorG. A. Henty.[71]A more recent novel byM. C. BeatonentitledAgatha Raisin and the Wizard of Evesham,takes place largely in Evesham, and two of the main characters visit the local sights, with descriptions.[72]Local folklore is provided for by the Legend of Evesham surrounding the life of Eof, an 8th-century swineherd credited with the founding of the town, and St Egwin the Bishop of Worcester who founded the abbey and who whose feet had been fettered and the key thrown in the River Avon. According to the legend, the key turned up in Rome inside a fish. On returning to Evesham, Egwin declared that a monastery be built on the spot where the key had been cast in the river.[13]A major landmark is the statue of Eof by the Scottish sculptorJohn McKennathat was funded by the townsfolk and unveiled in the market place in June 2008.[73]

Paintings[edit]

The Almonry Museum has an 1825 oil painting by William Robert Earl (1806–1880) which shows a distant view of the town as seen from Greenhill, site of the battle of Evesham.[74]More local views byGeorge Willis-Pryceare on show in the town hall. Dating from the 1890s, they include the gateway to Market Square,[75]the entrance to the town across Workman's Bridge,[76]and the former Hampton Ferry across the Avon.[77]Elsewhere there is an Avon-side painting by Edward Stott in the style ofBastien-Lepage.This is titled "Feeding the Ducks"[78]and dates from 1884, when Stott shared a cottage inNorth Littletonwith fellow paintersWalter OsborneandNathaniel Hill.[79]

Media[edit]

Evesham local news has been served since 1860 by theEvesham Journal,which is now part of theNewsquest(Midlands South) Ltd., a subsidiary ofGannett;it is predominantly a weekly free newspaper that is distributed over four counties.[80]In 2007, the weekly free newspaperEvesham Observerwas launched by Midlands-based Observer-Standard series of newspapers, now the family-ownedBullivant Media.[81]

Local news and television programmes are provided byBBC West MidlandsandITV Central.Television signals can be received from either theSutton Coldfieldor Lark Stoke TV transmitters.[82][83]

BBC Hereford & Worcesterbroadcasts on 104 FM and 94.7, while commercial radio stations includeFree Radio Herefordshire & Worcestershireon 96.7 FM andGreatest Hits Radio Herefordshire & Worcestershireon 107.2 FM.

Sport[edit]

The Evesham Leisure Centre comprises two swimming pools, a climbing wall, a 100-station fitness room and a health & beauty salon.[84]Football in Evesham is represented byEvesham United F.C.,who play in theSouthern Football LeagueDivision One South & West. InRugby Union,there are senior and youth sections at Evesham Rugby Club. There is also acricket ground.The town also has apétanqueteam[85]and acyclingclub, Evesham & District Wheelers,[86]which was founded in 1947. The town is home to various watersports, due to its location on the river, including EveshamRowingClub,Kayaking&Canoeingprovided by the Evesham Paddle Monsters club and EveshamSailingClub. The town has two golf courses: Evesham Golf Club, which is situated outsideFladbury,and Twyford Golf Club, which is situated just outsideLenchwick.Evesham ValeRunningClub hold their 10K race event annually.[87]

Amenities[edit]

The Evesham Library, managed by Worcestershire Libraries & Learning division ofWorcestershire County Council,is located in the town centre and was completely modernised following a closure for refurbishment in January 2011. It offers community services that include an online catalogue, Wi-Fi internet access, public internet terminals and a mobile library.[88]

TheAlmonry Museum and Heritage Centreis a local museum that was opened in 1957 and is funded by the council. The museum and the Tourist Information Centre are housed together in a 14th-century half timbered building that was the home of the almoner of Evesham Abbey. Exhibits include many items of local interest including an exhibition themed on the battle of Evesham.[89]

Evesham has a 97-bed community hospital in Waterside, outside the town centre, used mainly by the elderly and for convalescence, although consultants from major WorcesterNHShospitals hold clinics there. The hospital maintains a Minor Injuries Unit (open from 9am to 9pm 7 days a week).[90]The town has three health centres, providing general practitioner first care services, and a dental centre. Evesham also has severalnursingandretirement homesfor the care ofsenior citizens.The Evesham area is covered by theMidlands Air Ambulanceservice, which has operated from the site ofStrensham motorway servicessince 1991.[91]

Notable people[edit]

Twin towns[edit]

Evesham is twinned with:[114]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^Some sources (notably Tindal) incorrectly cite 'holm' as a source for the town's name; but this was due to lack of knowledge of early forms of the name. Some sources (Rudge, Tindall, Lewis, May, etc.) give the name of the swineherd as Eoves, but it should be Eof, as explained as long ago as 1920 by historian O. G. Knapp. "It is impossible that Eoves should have been the Swineherd's name for several reasons. In the first place the letter 'V' is not found in the Saxon alphabet, having been brought to this country by the Normans; so that Eofeshamme, given in one of the charters, indicates the older and better form of the name... But even if Eofes is older and more accurate than Eoves it cannot be the original form of the name. A moment's reflection will show that if Evesham means the meadow of some person, the name of that person must be in what Grammarians call the Genitive (or Possessive) Case, Singular. This in modern English is nearly always denoted by 's placed at the end of the word; the apostrophe showing that a vowel has dropped out of the termination. Anglo-Saxon had a larger selection of endings for the Genitive Case, but the one in –es (the original form of our modern 's) belonged to what are called 'strong' Masculine nouns, which usually ended in a consonant. Eofes, therefore, would be the natural Genitive of a man's proper name, Eof. Ferguson suggests that the original form of the name might have been Eofa, but such a name would correspond to the 'weak' nouns which made their Genitive by adding not –es but –an; in which case the name of the town would have been Eofanham, as is shown in the case of Offenham, the Ham of Offa or Uffa. We may therefore take it as certain that the real name of the Swineherd was not Eoves, Eofes, or even Eofa, but Eof. And this is not a mere theoretical reconstruction, for Eof was actually a Saxon name... The form Eoves, though current for many centuries, is a mere blunder.[7]

References[edit]

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  4. ^abMills 1998,p. 132
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Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]

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