Ferrari 458
| Ferrari 458 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Ferrari |
| Also called |
|
| Production | 2009–2015 |
| Assembly | Italy:Maranello |
| Designer | Donato Cocoat Ferrari Styling Centre[1]in collaboration withPininfarina[2][3] |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Sports car(S) |
| Body style |
|
| Layout | Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 4.5 LFerrari F136 FV8 |
| Power output |
|
| Transmission | 7-speeddual-clutchautomatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,650 mm (104.3 in)[4] |
| Length | 4,527 mm (178.2 in)[4] |
| Width | 1,937 mm (76.3 in)[4] |
| Height | 1,213 mm (47.8 in)[4] |
| Curb weight | 1,565 kg (3,450 lb)[5] |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Ferrari F430 |
| Successor | Ferrari 488 |
TheFerrari 458 Italia(Type F142) is an Italianmid-enginesports carproduced byFerrari.The 458 is the successor of theF430,and was first officially unveiled at the2009 Frankfurt Motor Show.[6][7]It was succeeded by the488 GTB(Gran Turismo Berlinetta) in 2015.[8]
Specifications
[edit]In Ferrari's first official announcement of the car, the 458 was described as the successor to the F430 but arising from an entirely new design, incorporating technologies developed from the company's experience inFormula One.[9]
Thebody computersystem was developed byMagneti Marelli.
Engine
[edit]
The 458 is powered by a 4,497 cc (4.5 L; 274.4 cu in) engine of the"Ferrari/Maserati" F136V8family, generating a power output of 570 PS (419 kW; 562 hp) at 9,000 rpm (redline) and 540 N⋅m (398 lb⋅ft) of torque at 6,000 rpm[10]with 80 percent of torque available at 3,250 rpm.[9]The engine featuresdirect fuel injection,a first for Ferrari mid-engine setups in its road cars.[9]
Transmission
[edit]The only transmission available on the 458 is a 7-speeddual-clutchautomaticgearbox byGetrag,in a different state of tune shared with theMercedes-Benz SLS AMG.[9]There is no traditional manual option, making this the first mainstream model to not be offered with a manual transmission.
| Gear | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | Final Drive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ratio | 3.08 | 2.18 | 1.63 | 1.29 | 1.03 | 0.84 | 0.69 | 5.14 |
Handling
[edit]The car's suspension hasdouble wishbonesat the front and amulti-linksetup at the rear, coupled withE-Diffand F1-Tractraction control systems,designed to improve the car's cornering and longitudinal acceleration by 32% when compared with its predecessors.[9]
The brakes include a prefill function whereby the pistons in the calipers move the pads into contact with the discs on lift off to minimize delay in the brakes being applied.[11]This, combined with the ABS and standard Carbon Ceramic brakes, have caused a reduction in stopping distance from 100–0 km/h (62–0 mph) to 32.5 metres (107 ft).[12]Tests have shown the car will stop from 100 km/h (62 mph) in 90 feet (27 m) or in 85 feet (26 m) with run flat tires, 85 feet (26 m) from 60 mph (97 km/h) and 80 feet (24 m) from 60 mph (97 km/h) with run flat tires.
The adaptivemagnetorheological damperswere co-developed withBWI Group.
Performance
[edit]
Ferrari's official 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) acceleration is 3.4 seconds.[13]The top speed is over 325 km/h (202 mph).[13]It has fuel consumption in combined cycle (ECE+EUDC) of 13.3 L/100 km (21.2 mpg‑imp;17.7 mpg‑US) while producing 307 g/km of CO2.[13]
Design
[edit]
In keeping with Ferrari tradition, the body was designed byPininfarinaunder the leadership ofDonato Coco,the Ferrari design director during 2009.[14]
The interior design of the Ferrari 458 Italia was done by Bertrand Rapatel (Director of Ferrari Interior Design), a French automobile designer.
The car's exterior styling and features were designed for aerodynamic efficiency, producing downforce of 140 kg (309 lb) at 200 km/h (124 mph).[9]In particular, the front grille features deformable winglets that lower at high speeds, in order to offer reduced drag.[15]The car's interior was designed using input from former Ferrari Formula 1 driverMichael Schumacher;in a layout common to racing cars, the new steering wheel incorporates many controls normally located on the dashboard or on stalks, such as turning signals or high beams.[9]
According to British car magazineAutocar,the 458 Italia's design has drawn inspiration from theEnzo Ferrariand itsMillechiliconcept car.[16]It has been designed to be Ferrari's sportiest V8-engined car, to distinguish itself from the entry levelCalifornia.[16]
Variants
[edit]458 Spider (2011–2015)
[edit]
The458 Spiderwas introduced at the2011 Frankfurt Motor Show.Thisconvertiblevariant of the 458 Italia features an aluminiumretractable hardtopwhich, according to Ferrari, weighs 25 kilograms (55 lb) less than a soft roof such as the one found on theFerrari F430 Spider,and requires 14 seconds for operation.[17][18]The engine cover has been redesigned to accommodate the retractable roof system. It has the same 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) acceleration time as the coupé but has a lower top speed of 320 km/h (200 mph) due to the added weight.
458 Speciale (2013–2015)
[edit]
The458 Specialewas unveiled in 2013 at theFrankfurt Motor Show[19][20]as the high performance variant of the 458 Italia. Distinctions of the Speciale over the standard 458 Italia are the forged wheels, vented bonnet, finned side sills, a taller rearspoilerand redesignedbumpers,which include active aerodynamics designed by Ferrari Styling Centre in cooperation withPininfarina;front and rear movable flaps balancedownforceand cutdragat speed.
The engine was revised, with power increased to 605 PS (445 kW; 597 hp) at 9,000 rpm and 540 N⋅m (398 lb⋅ft) of torque at 6,000 rpm.[21]Electronic systems were updated too and sideslip anglecontrol (SSC) was introduced to improve car control on the limit. SSC performs instant-to-instant analysis of the car'sside-slip,comparing it with the target value and then optimising both torque management (via integration with F1-Trac traction control) and torque distribution between the two wheels (via integration with the E-Diff electronic differential).
The Speciale accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.0 seconds, 0–200 km/h (120 mph) in 9.1 seconds.[22][23]Ferrari declared a Fiorano test track lap time of 1:23.5, only 0.5 seconds slower than theF12 berlinetta.Lateral acceleration now reaches 1.33 g.[24]Only 1,309 were made.[citation needed]
458 Speciale A (2014–2015)
[edit]
The458 Speciale Ais the convertible variant of the 458 Speciale which was unveiled at the2014 Paris Motor Show.The 'A' stands for 'Aperta', which is Italian for 'open' – and the model was limited to only 499 examples (49 RHD examples).[25]Just like the Speciale coupé, the Aperta has a 4.5-litre naturally aspirated V8 engine which generates a power output of 605 PS (445 kW; 597 hp) and 398 lb⋅ft (540 N⋅m) of torque. 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) takes 3.0 seconds and the Spider is capable of a top speed of 320 km/h (199 mph).[26][27]It was the most powerful, street-legal, naturally aspirated Ferrari automobile the company had ever launched in a convertible variant, until it was surpassed by the 790 hp (801 PS; 589 kW) naturally aspirated V12 of theLaFerrari Apertain 2017.
Special edition
[edit]458 Italia China Edition (2012)
[edit]The 2012 458 Italia China Edition is a limited (20 units) version of the 458 Italia for the Chinese market, built to commemorate the 20th anniversary of Ferrari in China since the first Ferrari, a 348 TS, was ordered in Beijing. It is distinguished by its Marco Polo Red body colour, golden dragon graphic on the front bonnet, gold and black livery stripes symbolising a racing track, gold painted wheels, gold aeroelastic winglets, gold embroidery on the car's head rests, engine start button inscribed with the simplified Chinese characters for 'start' and a '20th Anniversary Special Edition' plaque on the dash.
The vehicle was unveiled at the Italia Center of Shanghai World Expo Park.[28][29]
One-offs
[edit]SP12 EC (2012)
[edit]
TheFerrari SP12 ECis aone-offsports carbuilt by Ferrari for English musicianEric Claptonunder Ferrari's Special Projects programme,[30]and based on the 458 Italia.[31]It was revealed in May 2012[32]and shown at the 2013Goodwood Festival of Speed.[33] The bespoke SP12 EC's bodywork is inspired by that of theFerrari 512 BB,[34]and was designed by Ferrari Styling Centre in collaboration withPininfarina.[35]It uses the mechanicals of the 458 Italia, including its 4.5-litre V8 engine and seven-speeddual-clutch transmission,[36]although many of the car's technical details are considered confidential.[35]The car reportedly cost £10,000,000.[37]
Pininfarina Sergio (2013)
[edit]
The Pininfarinaconcept car,named in memory of long standing chairmanSergio Pininfarina,is a modern interpretation of the 2-seaterbarchettabuilt upon the 458 Spider's mechanicals. In keeping with the traditional open barchetta body style, it has no windshield; two matching helmets are provided for the driver and passenger.
The car was first shown in March 2013 at theGeneva Motor Show.According to Pininfarina, the Sergio was developed like a production car, and therefore it could be produced in limited numbers.[38][39]
Ferrari built six units of theFerrari Sergioin collaboration withPininfarinain 2015 and sold it to handpicked customers. The production version incorporates atarga topbody style due to complexities and high production costs arising in producing the original design of the car. They use the engine of the 458 Speciale and each unit reportedly costUS$3,000,000.[40]
The yellow and matte black car shown at the 2015 Geneva Motor Show was delivered new to its first owner in Switzerland. Its VIN is ZFF75VHB000205529 and it was offered at RM Sotheby's Monaco auction in May 2018. The car had 200 km (120 mi) from new and an estimate of €2,500,000 - €3,000,000. The car sold for an unknown amount.[41]
A silver (Argento Nürburgring) and matte black car was offered for sale at Gooding and Co's 2019 Pebble Beach auction with 78 miles from new and an estimate of $2,500,000 - $3,000,000. The car's VIN is ZFF75VFA5E0205934 and it was delivered new to a European racing driver. It didn't sell then.[42]
458 MM Speciale (2016)
[edit]
The458 Speciale MMis aone-offsports carbased on aFerrari 458 Specialeand built for a British customer. The design pays homage to theFerrari 288 GTOand incorporates handcrafted aluminium and carbon fibre components.[43]
Racing
[edit]458 Challenge
[edit]
The 458 Challenge is arace cardesigned to participate in theFerrari Challenge.It was presented at the Ferrari Annual Dealer Meeting on 14 July 2010 for the 2011 Ferrari Challenge season. The 458 Challenge Evo was introduced for the 2014 season and was replaced by the 488 Challenge for the 2017 season. Hence both variants of the 458 Challenge were used as the prime Challenge car for three seasons, the 458 Challenge for 2011 to 2013 and the 458 Challenge Evo for 2014 to 2016.
According to Ferrari the standard (non-Evo) 458 Challenge can lap theFiorano test trackin 1:16.5, which is two seconds faster than itsF430 Challengepredecessor and only 0.2 seconds slower than theFerrari FXX.Given the Evo upgrade, the 458 Challenge Evo is faster around the Fiorano test track than the Ferrari FXX.[44][45]
Weight of the 458 Challenge was reduced from the standard 458 through the use of thinner body panels, carbon fibre replacement panels, and polycarbonate windows and windshield.[46]Other differences over the regular road legal 458 include a racing cockpit with a Sabelt racing seat and six-point seat-belt harness, detachable steering wheel using a Lifeline quick-detach, plumbed-in Lifeline fire extinguisher system, air-jack mounting on the rear to lift the car up, racing fuel filler cap,center-lock wheels,a racing exhaust as well as tow hooks on the front and rear. The 2014 Evo upgrade was mainly focused on improving the aerodynamics of the 458 Challenge, with the most obvious change being the inclusion of a large rear wing. Ferrari sold an Evo upgrade kit, so that pre-2014 458 Challenge cars could be upgraded by Ferrari dealers and race teams to Evo spec.
Total production of the 458 Challenge and 458 Challenge Evo combined is just under 150 cars. Of this total, production of the Evo version is estimated at 30%, meaning that just over 100 458 Challenges and a little under 50 458 Challenge Evos were produced. It is estimated that between five and ten cars were destroyed through accidents each season, meaning that somewhere between 25 and 50 458 Challenge cars have been lost with the remaining cars possibly numbering less than 100.
458 Italia GT2
[edit] | |||||||||
| Category | ACO GTE | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constructor | |||||||||
| Technical specifications | |||||||||
| Chassis | AluminiumMonocoque | ||||||||
| Suspension (front) | Double wishbone | ||||||||
| Suspension (rear) | Multi-link | ||||||||
| Axle track | Front: 1,720 mm (67.7 in), Rear: 1,688 mm (66.5 in) | ||||||||
| Wheelbase | 2,650 mm (104.3 in) | ||||||||
| Engine | Ferrari F1364,497 cc (274.4 cu in)V8Naturally aspiratedmid-engined,longitudinally mounted | ||||||||
| Transmission | Hewland6-speedsequential manual | ||||||||
| Weight | 1,245 kg (2,745 lb) | ||||||||
| Tyres | M,P,D,H | ||||||||
| Competition history | |||||||||
| Notable entrants |
| ||||||||
| Notable drivers | |||||||||
| Debut | 2011 12 Hours of Sebring | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Teams' Championships | 15 | ||||||||
| Drivers' Championships | 18 | ||||||||
Ferrari unveiled their newGTEclass racer in 2011 built by long-time Ferrari sportscar racing constructor Michelotto, to take part in Championships sanctioned by theACOand theFIA.The 458 Italia GT2 drops the "flex splitter" found in the road cars in favour of a more conventional inlet, with the air exiting out through the louvers in the bonnet. Under new restrictor regulations, the 4.5-litre V8 engine generates a power output of 470 PS (350 kW; 460 hp), which is less than the road car and the 458 Challenge. Unlike the road car, which has a high-revving low-torque engine, the engine in the GTE version only has a red line of 6,250 rpm, but maintains a close-to-stock torque number even with the horsepower loss. The double-clutch gearbox had to be replaced, but paddle-shifting is retained since the amended rules in 2011 allow them.
The car won the2012and2014 24 Hours of Le Mans,the2012 12 Hours of Sebringand two editions of thePetit Le Mans,the first in2011and the second in2012.
In 2011, the 458 Italia GT2 took theIntercontinental Le Mans CupGTE Manufacturers' and the GTE PRO Team Titles, theLe Mans SeriesGTE Manufacturers' and GTE PRO Team and Drivers' honours and theInternational GT OpenOverall and Super GT Team and Drivers' crowns. The following year, with the creation of an FIA-managed World Championship, the car obtained the GTE Manufacturers' and GTE PRO Team Titles in theFIA World Endurance Championship.In the same year the Italian car gained theEuropean Le Mans SeriesGTE PRO Team and Drivers' honours and theInternational GT OpenOverall and Super GT Manufacturers', Team and Drivers' crowns. In 2013 the car repeated its successes, winning theFIA World Endurance ChampionshipGTE Manufacturers', GTE PRO Team, GTE Drivers' and GTE AM Team Titles, theEuropean Le Mans SeriesGTE Team and Drivers' honours, theAsian Le Mans SeriesGTE Team and Drivers' crowns and theInternational GT OpenOverall and Super GT Manufacturers' and Drivers' Titles. In 2014 the 458 Italia GT2 achieved, for the third straight year, theFIA World Endurance ChampionshipGTE Manufacturers' and GTE PRO Team honours, as well as, for the second time in a row, the GTE Drivers' crown (which had been instituted in 2013). For the fourth time the car also clinched theEuropean Le Mans SeriesGTE Team and Drivers' Titles, but it didn't take part in theInternational GT OpenandAsian Le Mans SeriesChampionships (the 458 Italia GT3 raced in both these series that year).
In 2015, the Ferrari 458 Italia GT2 cars competed in theFIA World Endurance Championship,European Le Mans SeriesandTudor United SportsCar Championship.[49]
The car was replaced for the 2016 season by theFerrari 488 GTE.
458 Italia GT3
[edit]
Ferrari also unveiled aGT3version of the Ferrari 458 Italia in 2011, built as well by Michelotto. The car is slightly lighter and more powerful than the GTE version, generating a power output closer to 558 PS (410 kW; 550 hp) and has a red-line of 9,000 rpm. The engine thus performs more similarly to that of the road car than the GTE version. The aerodynamics of the car are also slightly different due to different aero regulations.[49]
The 458 Italia GT3 has achieved many important victories in its career. It has won six times the24 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps(two in the GT3 PRO AM category and two in the Gentlemen Trophy), four times theGulf 12 Hours(three overall and one in the Gentlemen Trophy), the 2013 and 201412 Hours of Sepang,the 2014 and 201524 Hours of Dubaiin the A6-AM class, the2014 Liqui Moly Bathurst 12 Hourat the famousMount Panorama CircuitinBathurstand the 201424 Hours of Barcelona.
The 458 Italia GT3 holds the record for the number of titles won in many international Championships. In theBlancpain Endurance Seriesit took the 2011, 2012 and 2014 GT3 PRO AM Team and Drivers' crowns and the 2013 and 2014 Gentlemen Trophy Team and Drivers' honours, while in theEuropean Le Mans Series,since the creation by theACOof a GT3 class, clinched the 2013 and 2014 GTC Team and Drivers' Titles. In theInternational GT OpentheMaranellocar gained the 2011, 2012 and 2014 GTS Team and Drivers' crowns, the 2012, 2013 and 2014 GTS Manufacturers' honours and the 2014 Overall and Super GT Drivers' Titles. The 458 Italia GT3 has also a strong racing record in the most important Asian GT series, theGT3 Asia,in which it achieved the 2011 Drivers' crown and the 2012 and 2014 Team and Drivers' honours. The car has also been driven to win the 2011FIA GT3Drivers' Title, the 2013Asian Le Mans SeriesGTC Team and Drivers' crowns and successes in national Championships likeFrench GT,British GT,Italian GT,GTSprintandSupercar Challenge.
In 2015, the 458 Italia GT3 was involved in numerous racing series, includingBlancpain Endurance Series,European Le Mans Series,International GT Open,GT3 Asia,Pirelli World Challenge,Blancpain Sprint Series,Asian Le Mans Series,Australian GT Championshipand many other national GT3 Championships.
458 Italia Grand-Am
[edit]In 2012, Ferrari developed a modified version of the 458 GT3 forGrand-Am.The car weighs the same but produces less downforce than the GT3 car; the engine is also restricted more heavily, generating a power output of 507 PS (373 kW; 500 hp) and having an 8,000 rpm redline.[49]Instead of adual-clutchautomatic transmission,the car is fitted with a conventionalsequential manual transmission.[50]
The roll-cage is also modified due to stricter safety regulations. The Grand-Am version lacks traction control and ABS. The car debuted at the2012 24 Hours of Daytona.AimAutosport.com is the first team to win with the new 458 Italia Grand-Am spec. On 9 Sept. 2012, drivers Jeff Segal and Emil Assentato finished second at Laguna Seca and clinched the Grand-Am Rolex GT championship.
Awards
[edit]The 458 won "Car of the Year 2009" and "Supercar of the Year". It also won "Cabrio of the Year 2011" for the Spider, fromTop Gearmagazine.Auto Zeitungmagazine awarded the Ferrari 458 Spider "Best Cabrio 2011".[51] Motor Trendawarded the Ferrari 458 Italia the title of "Best Driver's Car" in 2011.[52]The 458 Speciale won Top Gear's Supercar of the Year 2013 and James May's Car of the Year.[53]
Recalls
[edit]Wheel-arch adhesive fires
[edit]On 24 August 2010,BBC Newsreported that ten 458s had either crashed or caught fire in just three months.[54]Ferrari responded later that it was aware of the fire-related cases, and was in the process of investigating them.[54][55]
On 1 September 2010 Ferrari officially recalled all 1,248 of the 458s sold to date. A spokesman commented that the problem had been traced to an adhesive used in the wheel-arch assemblies and that, in certain circumstances, the glue could begin to overheat, smoke and even catch fire. In extreme cases the melting adhesive could lead to the heat shield deforming, and hence moving closer to the exhaust, causing the wheel-arch lining to catch fire. Owners who had reported fires, that were later confirmed by independent engineers to be due to this problem, received a new car. All other cars were modified by replacing the adhesive with mechanical fasteners.[56]
Engine seizure
[edit]In 2012, Ferrari recalled certain 2011 and 2012 US market cars because the engine could seize suddenly and possibly cause a crash. The F136 engines had incorrectly mounted crankshafts. The manufacturer learned of one such incident from a review car lent to critics. Owners could choose from having a new engine installed by their dealer, having the engine removed and the work done by Ferrari North America or having a new crankshaft and bearings installed at the dealership.[57]
Marketing
[edit]
Hot Wheelsproduced a 1:18 scale model of the 458 Italia, Spider, GT2, Challenge, China Edition and, later, the Speciale versions under both its regular "Mattel / Heritage" and premium "Elite" and "Super Elite" lines of collectible die-cast models.[58]Bburagoalso produced variants of the 458, such as the Italia, Spider and Challenge, in diecast in 1:18, 1:24, 1:32, and 1:43 scales under its "Race and play" line up. The Speciale version in 1:18 scale followed later under both its "Race and play" and "Signature series" lineups.[59]
Illicit trade practices investigation
[edit]After the Ferrari 458 Italia had been reported to cost much more in China than the United States, the Chinese Automobile Dealers Association (CADA) began working in conjunction with the National Development and Reform Commission for possible price-fixing, despite automakers' claim of a 24% import tariff, 17% value-added tax, and a consumption tax having been added to the car's price.[60][61]
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External links
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