First Viennese School

TheFirst Viennese Schoolis a name mostly used to refer to threecomposersof theClassical periodinWestern art musicin late-18th-century to early-19th-centuryVienna:Joseph Haydn,Wolfgang Amadeus MozartandLudwig van Beethoven.Sometimes,Franz Schubertis added to the list.

In German-speaking countries, the termWiener Klassik(lit.Viennese classical era/art) is used. That term is often more broadly applied to the Classical era in music as a whole, as a means to distinguish it from other periods that are colloquially referred to asclassical,namelyBaroqueandRomanticmusic.

The term "Viennese School" was first used by Austrian musicologist Raphael Georg Kiesewetter, in 1834, although he only counted Haydn and Mozart as members of the school. Other writers followed suit and eventually Beethoven was added to the list.^[1]The designation "first" is added today to avoid confusion with theSecond Viennese School.

These composers sometimes encountered each other: Haydn and Mozart were even occasional chamber-music partners. Beethoven for a time received lessons from Haydn, probably heard Mozart play, and met Schubert a few times (seeBeethoven and his contemporaries). However, they did not form a school in the sense of a deliberate co-operation associated with 20th-century schools, such as the Second Viennese School, orLes Six.Nor is there any evidence (other than Haydn teaching Beethoven) that one composer was "schooled" by another, in the way that Berg and Webern were taught by Schoenberg.

Attempts to extend the First Viennese School to include such later figures asAnton Bruckner,Johannes Brahms,andGustav Mahlerare merely journalistic, and never encountered in academic musicology. According to scholar James F. Daugherty, the Classical period itself from approximately 1775 to 1825 is sometimes referred to as "the Viennese Classic period".^[2]

Notes[edit]

^Heartz, Daniel &Brown, Bruce Alan(2001). "Classical". InSadie, Stanley&Tyrrell, John(eds.).The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians(2nd ed.). London:Macmillan Publishers.ISBN 978-1-56159-239-5.‎
^Daugherty, James F."The Classical Period (1775-1825)".University of Kansas.Retrieved20 March2024.

[1] Heartz, Daniel &Brown, Bruce Alan(2001). "Classical". InSadie, Stanley&Tyrrell, John(eds.).The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians(2nd ed.). London:Macmillan Publishers.ISBN 978-1-56159-239-5.‎

[2] Daugherty, James F."The Classical Period (1775-1825)".University of Kansas.Retrieved20 March2024.

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v t e Classical period
List of Classical-era composers
Composers	First Viennese School Beethoven Haydn Mozart Schubert Mannheim school Beck Cannabich Fils Fränzl Richter C. Stamitz J. Stamitz Abel C. P. E. Bach J. C. Bach G. Benda Boccherini Cherubini Cimarosa Clementi Czerny Dittersdorf Dussek Gluck Gossec Gyrowetz M. Haydn Hoffmeister Hummel Koželuch Kreutzer Krommer Kuhlau Martín y Soler Méhul L. Mozart Mysliveček Neruda Paisiello Piccinni Pleyel Reicha Ries Rode Rosetti Sacchini Saint-Georges Salieri Sarti Soler Spohr Traetta Viotti Wanhal Wranitzky Zingarelli
Instrumentation	Classical orchestra String quartet
Genres	Galant music Intermezzo Pastorale Sensitive style Turkish music (style)
Techniques	Notes inégales Galant Schemata
Background	Common practice period Classicism Age of Enlightenment Art Economics Physics
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