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Fluid restriction diet

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Afluid restriction dietis a diet which limits the amount of daily fluid consumption. Besides beverages, many foods also include fluids which needs to be taken into consideration. A fluid-restrictive diet assists in preventing the build-up of fluids in the body. Reducing fluid intake can alleviate stress on the body and may reduce additional complications. A fluid restriction diet is generally medically advised for patients with "heart problems, renal disease, liver damage includingcirrhosis,endocrine and adrenal gland issues, elevated stress hormones and hyponatremia ".[1]Patients with heart failure are recommended to restrict fluid intake down to 2 quarts per day.[2]

Foods such asgelatin,ice cream,yogurt,soups,sauces and watery fruit need to be limited. It is recommended that patients on fluid restriction maintain a log to track daily fluid intake.[3]Symptoms of fluid build up due to underlying heart issues include, increased blood pressure, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, bloating, swelling and nausea.[4]

Patients withterminal illnessmay refuse both nutrition and hydration.[5]

Effectiveness

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Partial fluid restriction can be used as therapy, but has the disadvantages of being difficult to maintain, and it is often ineffective.[6]Drugs causing increased diuresis (diuretics) is generally an alternative, and have less risk of causing decreasedglomerular filtration ratethrough the kidneys and resultant decreasedkidney function.Fluid restriction is occasionally a practice inmanagement of heart failure.However, according to a scientific review in 2009, there is no evidence of benefit of fluid restriction in patients with clinically stable heart failure otherwise receiving optimal pharmacological treatment.[7]Rather, diuretics are preferred in heart failure, mainlyACE inhibitors,with substantial evidence of improving survival and quality of life in heart failure patients.[8][9]Theoretically, fluid restriction could also correct theelectrolyte imbalanceinhyponatremia,but again, diuretics, mainlyvasopressin receptor antagonists,show better efficiency.[6]Nevertheless, in hyponatremia secondary toSIADH,long-term fluid restriction (of 1,200–1,800 mL/day) in addition to diuretics is standard treatment.[10]

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Fluid Restricted Diet".intermountainphysician.org.2016. Archived fromthe originalon 12 August 2020.Retrieved16 December2019.
  2. ^Debra K. Moser; Barbara Riegel (2001).Improving Outcomes in Heart Failure: An Interdisciplinary Approach.Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 310–.ISBN978-0-8342-1644-0.
  3. ^"Fluid Restricted Diet".Winchester Hospital.Retrieved16 December2019.
  4. ^NEMO (2017)."Controlling fluid intake in heart failure"(PDF).health.qld.gov.au.Retrieved16 December2019.
  5. ^Byock I (1995). "Patient refusal of nutrition and hydration: walking the ever-finer line".Am J Hosp Palliat Care.12(2): 8, 9–13.doi:10.1177/104990919501200205.PMID7605733.S2CID46385519.
  6. ^abGheorghiade, Mihai; Gottlieb, Stephen S.; Udelson, James E.; Konstam, Marvin A.; Czerwiec, Frank; Ouyang, John; Orlandi, Cesare (2006). "Vasopressin V2 Receptor Blockade With Tolvaptan Versus Fluid Restriction in the Treatment of Hyponatremia".The American Journal of Cardiology.97(7): 1064–1067.doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.10.050.PMID16563917.
  7. ^Tai MK (2009). "Evidence-based practice of fluid restriction in patients with heart failure".Hu Li Za Zhi(in Chinese).56(5): 23–9.PMID19760574.
  8. ^The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. (1987). "Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS)".N Engl J Med.316(23): 1429–35.doi:10.1056/NEJM198706043162301.PMID2883575.
  9. ^The SOLVD Investigators. (1991)."Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure".N Engl J Med.325(5): 293–302.doi:10.1056/NEJM199108013250501.PMID2057034.
  10. ^Schürer, Ludwig; Wolf, Stefan; Lumenta, Christianto B. (2010). "Water and Electrolyte Regulation".Neurosurgery.pp. 611–615.doi:10.1007/978-3-540-79565-0_40.ISBN978-3-540-79564-3.
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