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Foreign relations of Poland

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TheRepublic of Polandis aCentral Europeancountry and member of theEuropean UnionandNATO,among others. Poland wields considerable influence inCentralandEastern Europeand is amiddle powerin international affairs. The foreign policy of Poland is based on four basic commitments: to Atlantic co-operation, to European integration, to international development and to international law.

The Polish economy is fairly open and relies strongly on international trade. Since the collapse of communism and its re-establishment as a democratic nation, Poland has extended its responsibilities and position in European and Western affairs, supporting and establishing friendly foreign relations with both the West and with numerous European countries.

TheMinistry of Foreign Affairs (Poland)looks after the foreign relations of Poland. As of May 2024the ministrywas held byRadoslaw Sikorski.

History[edit]

Foreign policy topics are covered in the history articles:

Integration with the West and Europe[edit]

Polish prime ministerMateusz Morawiecki(left) at aVisegrád Groupmeeting inBudapestin 2021 with fellow member countries.

After regaining independence in 1989, Poland has ahead on its economic reintegration with theWestern world.[1]Poland also has been an active nation in advocatingEuropean integration.

In 1994, Poland became an associate member of theEuropean Union(EU) and its defensive arm, theWestern European Union(WEU). In 1996, Poland achieved fullOECDmembership and submitted preliminary documentation for full EU membership.

Poland formally joined the European Union in May 2004, along with the other members of theVisegrád Group.

NATO membership[edit]

Włodzimierz Cimoszewicztold a 2014 audience at theWilson Centerthat Poland sought to join NATO as early as 1992.[2]

In 1997, Poland was invited in the first wave ofNATO enlargementat the July1997 NATO Madrid summit.In March 1999, Poland became a full member ofNATO.Poland promoted its NATO candidacy through energetic participation in thePartnership for Peace(PfP) program and through intensified individual dialogue with NATO.

Poland was a part of themultinational force in Iraq.

Diplomatic relations[edit]

List of countries which Poland maintains diplomatic relations with:[3]

# Country Date
1 Italy 27 February 1919[4]
2 Belgium 6 March 1919[5]
3 Switzerland 12 March 1919[6]
4 Greece 13 March 1919[7]
5 Japan 22 March 1919[8]
6 France 2 April 1919[9]
7 United States 2 May 1919[10]
8 Spain 30 May 1919[11]
— Holy See 6 June 1919[12]
9 Romania 22 June 1919[13]
10 Netherlands 4 July 1919[14]
11 United Kingdom 15 July 1919[15]
12 Sweden 2 August 1919[16]
13 Norway 25 August 1919[17]
14 Denmark 8 September 1919[18]
15 Serbia 19 September 1919[19]
16 Finland 7 February 1920[20]
17 Germany 9 March 1920[21]
18 Czech Republic 23 March 1920[22]
19 Brazil 27 May 1920[23]
20 Uruguay 22 July 1920[21]
21 Paraguay 12 August 1920[21]
22 Chile 7 December 1920[24]
23 Latvia 27 January 1921[25]
24 Luxembourg 18 April 1921[26]
25 Russia 27 April 1921[27]
26 Estonia 4 May 1921[28]
27 Austria 6 September 1921[21]
28 Bulgaria 6 September 1921[21]
29 Hungary 17 November 1921[21]
30 Portugal 13 May 1922[29]
31 Argentina 19 July 1922[30]
32 Turkey 23 July 1923[31]
33 Peru 6 September 1923[32]
34 Egypt 1927[33]
35 Iran 19 March 1927[34]
36 Afghanistan 3 November 1927[35]
37 Mexico 26 February 1928[36]
38 Iraq 22 December 1932[37]
39 Cuba 1 January 1933[38]
40 Colombia 18 November 1933[39]
41 Costa Rica 18 November 1933[39]
42 Dominican Republic 18 November 1933[39]
43 Ecuador 18 November 1933[40]
44 El Salvador 18 November 1933[39]
45 Guatemala 18 November 1933[39]
46 Haiti 18 November 1933[39]
47 Honduras 18 November 1933[39]
48 Nicaragua 18 November 1933[39]
49 Panama 18 November 1933[39]
50 Venezuela 18 November 1933[39]
51 Bolivia 3 September 1935[41]
52 Albania 7 April 1937[42]
53 Lithuania 19 March 1938[43]
54 Canada 9 February 1942[44]
55 Ethiopia 1 September 1943[45]
56 Lebanon 1 August 1944[46]
57 Syria 18 September 1945
58 Iceland 14 January 1946
59 Israel 19 May 1948
60 North Korea 16 October 1948[47]
61 China 7 October 1949[48]
62 Vietnam 4 February 1950[49]
63 Mongolia 14 April 1950[50]
64 India 30 March 1954[51]
65 Indonesia 19 September 1955[52]
66 Myanmar 9 November 1955
67 Sudan 4 April 1956
68 Cambodia 24 April 1956[53]
69 Sri Lanka 18 April 1957[54]
70 Yemen 21 December 1957[55]
71 Guinea 29 June 1959[56]
72 Morocco 7 July 1959[57]
73 Tunisia 15 November 1959[58]
74 Nepal 24 November 1959[59]
75 Ghana 31 December 1959[60]
76 Cyprus 15 January 1961[61]
77 Democratic Republic of the Congo 12 February 1961
78 Mali 12 May 1961
79 Tanzania 14 January 1962[53]
80 Algeria 2 May 1962
81 Nigeria 30 May 1962[62]
82 Benin 14 June 1962
83 Senegal 18 June 1962
84 Somalia 10 July 1962[53]
85 Burundi 8 August 1962[63]
86 Laos 8 September 1962
87 Sierra Leone 9 November 1962
88 Pakistan 17 December 1962[64]
89 Togo 26 December 1962
90 Uganda 8 April 1963
91 Kuwait 17 May 1963
92 Libya 2 December 1963[65]
93 Kenya 13 December 1963[66]
94 Jordan 20 February 1964[67]
95 Rwanda 10 July 1965[68]
96 Mauritania 3 December 1965[69]
97 Zambia 30 June 1966
98 Burkina Faso 13 June 1968
99 Singapore 12 April 1969[70]
100 Central African Republic 15 January 1970[71]
101 Malaysia 21 June 1971[72]
102 Niger 30 June 1971
103 Malta 23 October 1971[73]
104 Bangladesh 12 January 1972[74]
105 Australia 20 February 1972[75]
106 Cameroon 14 March 1972[76]
107 Guyana 10 July 1972[77]
108 Thailand 14 November 1972[78]
109 Republic of the Congo 19 December 1972[79]
110 New Zealand 28 February 1973
111 Liberia 30 May 1973[80]
112 Philippines 22 September 1973[81]
113 Guinea-Bissau 3 October 1973[82]
114 Madagascar 28 November 1973
115 Ivory Coast 9 June 1974
116 Jamaica 4 November 1974
117 Gambia 21 January 1975[83]
118 Mozambique 25 June 1975[84]
119 Angola 25 November 1975
120 Cape Verde 12 February 1976[85]
121 Ireland 30 September 1976[86]
122 Gabon 16 October 1976[87]
123 Comoros 6 June 1977[88]
124 Papua New Guinea 10 February 1978[89]
125 São Tomé and Príncipe 20 November 1978[90]
126 Botswana 22 November 1978[91]
127 Lesotho 20 December 1978[92]
128 Chad 5 January 1979
129 Seychelles 14 February 1979
130 Mauritius 30 April 1979
131 Equatorial Guinea 29 May 1979[93]
132 Djibouti 24 February 1980[94]
133 Grenada 2 June 1980[95]
134 Zimbabwe 18 February 1981
135 Maldives 1 October 1984[91]
136 Vanuatu 15 November 1986[96]
— State of Palestine 11 April 1989
137 United Arab Emirates 4 September 1989
138 Qatar 16 October 1989
139 South Korea 1 November 1989[97]
140 Oman 24 January 1990[98]
141 Namibia 21 March 1990[99]
142 Eswatini 10 May 1990[91]
— Sovereign Military Order of Malta 9 July 1990
143 Bahrain 22 April 1991
144 Marshall Islands 17 December 1991[91]
145 South Africa 18 December 1991[100]
146 Ukraine 4 January 1992[101]
147 Kyrgyzstan 10 February 1992
148 Tajikistan 11 February 1992[102]
149 Azerbaijan 21 February 1992[103]
150 Armenia 26 February 1992[104]
151 Belarus 2 March 1992[105]
152 Uzbekistan 19 March 1992[106]
153 Kazakhstan 6 April 1992
154 Slovenia 10 April 1992[107]
155 Croatia 11 April 1992
156 Georgia 28 April 1992[108]
157 Malawi 10 July 1992[109]
158 Moldova 14 July 1992[110]
159 Liechtenstein 5 September 1992
160 Turkmenistan 29 September 1992
161 Slovakia 1 January 1993[111]
162 Suriname 24 May 1993[112]
163 Eritrea 15 July 1993
164 North Macedonia 30 December 1993
165 San Marino 14 November 1994[113]
166 Belize 2 May 1995[91]
167 Saudi Arabia 3 May 1995[114]
168 Bosnia and Herzegovina 22 December 1995[115]
169 Brunei 20 March 1996[91]
170 Andorra 15 May 1996
171 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 16 May 1996[91]
172 Barbados 13 September 1996[91]
173 Trinidad and Tobago 13 August 1998[91]
174 Saint Lucia 24 May 2000[91]
175 East Timor 18 November 2002[116]
176 Bahamas 19 November 2003[117]
177 Antigua and Barbuda 13 September 2005[118]
178 Montenegro 14 August 2006[119]
179 Monaco 27 September 2007[120]
180 Dominica 4 June 2009[91]
181 Saint Kitts and Nevis 23 June 2009[91]
182 Palau 27 January 2012[91]
183 Solomon Islands 6 March 2012[91]
184 Samoa 8 March 2012[91]
185 Bhutan 29 November 2012[91]
186 South Sudan 31 January 2013[121]
187 Fiji 11 July 2014[91]
188 Nauru 24 November 2014[122]
189 Kiribati 2 March 2015[123]
190 Federated States of Micronesia 6 March 2015[124]
191 Tuvalu 4 May 2015[125]
192 Tonga 29 August 2016[126]

Bilateral relations[edit]

Multilateral[edit]

Organization Formal Relations Began Notes
European Union SeePoland in the European Union

Poland joined theEuropean Unionas a full member on 1 May 2004.

NATO

Poland joinedNATOas a full member on 12 March 1999.

Africa[edit]

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Algeria SeeAlgeria–Poland relations
  • Algeria has an embassy inWarsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inAlgiers.
Angola
  • Angola has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inLuanda.
Chad
  • Chad is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  • Poland is accredited to Chad from its embassy in Tunis, Tunisia.
Egypt SeeEgypt–Poland relations
  • Egypt has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inCairo.
Ethiopia SeeEthiopia–Poland relations
Kenya 13 December 1963 SeeKenya–Poland relations
  • Kenya is accredited to Poland from its embassy inRome,Italy.
  • Poland has an embassy inNairobi.
Libya SeeLibya–Poland relations
  • Libya has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland is accredited to Libya from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
Madagascar
  • Madagascar is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  • Poland is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
Mali SeeMali–Poland relations
Morocco SeeMorocco–Poland relations
  • Morocco has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inRabat.
Mozambique 25 June 1975
  • Mozambique is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Mozambique from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa and maintains an honorary consulate inMaputo.
Namibia 21 March 1990
  • Namibia is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
Nigeria SeeNigeria–Poland relations
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inAbuja.
Senegal SeePoland–Senegal relations
  • Poland has an embassy inDakar.
  • Senegal has an embassy in Warsaw.
South Africa 1988 SeePoland–South Africa relations
  • Poland has an embassy inPretoria.
  • South Africa has an embassy in Warsaw.
South Sudan 31 January 2013 SeePoland–South Sudan relations
Tanzania 1961 SeePoland–Tanzania relations
  • Poland has an embassy inDar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
Tunisia SeePoland–Tunisia relations
  • Poland has an embassy inTunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Warsaw.
Uganda 1963 SeePoland–Uganda relations
  • Poland is accredited to Uganda from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate inKampala.
  • Uganda is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
Zambia SeePoland–Zambia relations

Americas[edit]

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Argentina 1920 SeeArgentina–Poland relations
Belize 2 May 1995

Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 2, 1995.[128]

Bolivia
  • Bolivia is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Bolivia from its embassy in Lima, Peru.
Brazil 27 May 1920 SeeBrazil–Poland relations
Canada 1935 SeeCanada–Poland relations
Chile 1920 SeeChile–Poland relations
  • Chile has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inSantiago.
  • Both countries are full members of theOECD.
Colombia 1931 SeeColombia–Poland relations
  • Colombia has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inBogotá.[133]
  • Both countries are full members of theOECD.
Cuba 1933 SeeCuba–Poland relations
  • Cuba has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inHavana.
Ecuador
  • Ecuador is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Lima, Peru.
El Salvador
  • El Salvador is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to El Salvador from its embassy in Panama City, Panama.
Guyana 1972

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1972.[134]

  • Guyana is accredited to Poland from its high commission in London, United Kingdom.
  • Poland is accredited to Guyana from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.
Haiti
  • Haiti is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Haiti from its embassy in Bogotá, Colombia.
Honduras
  • Honduras is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Honduras from its embassy in Panama City, Panama.
Mexico 26 February 1928 SeeMexico–Poland relations
Panama
  • Panama has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inPanama City.
Paraguay
  • Paraguay is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Paraguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Peru 1923 SeePeru–Poland relations
  • Peru has an embassy in Warsaw.[137]
  • Poland has an embassy inLima.[138]
United States SeePoland–United States relations

A tighter security alliance with the United States was announced in the middle of the Georgian crisis as an agreement between the two countries was reached to allow the US to install and operate an interceptormissile defense shield,a move which Russia sees explicitly targeting it and which it stated made Poland "a legit military target".[139]A high-ranking Russian military official said: "Poland in deploying [the US system] opens itself to a nuclear strike".[140]

Uruguay 22 July 1920 SeePoland–Uruguay relations
  • Poland is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
Venezuela 1933 SeePoland–Venezuela relations
  • Poland has an embassy inCaracas.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Warsaw.

Asia[edit]

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Afghanistan SeeAfghanistan–Poland relations
  • Afghanistan has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
Armenia 1992-2-26[143] SeeArmenia–Poland relations
Azerbaijan 1992-02-21[146] SeeAzerbaijan–Poland relations
Bangladesh SeeBangladesh–Poland relations
  • Bangladesh has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland is accredited to Bangladesh from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
China 1919 SeeChina–Poland relations
  • Relations between Poland and the People's Republic of China began on 5 October 1949.
  • China has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inBeijingand consulates-general inChengdu,Guangzhou,Hong KongandShanghai.
Georgia 1992-04-28 SeeGeorgia–Poland relations
India SeeIndia–Poland relations

Historically, relations have generally been close and friendly, characterized by understanding and cooperation on international front.[147]

Indonesia SeeIndonesia–Poland relations
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inJakarta.
Iran SeeIran–Poland relations
  • Iran has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inTehran.
Iraq SeeIraq–Poland relations
  • Iraq has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inBaghdad.
Israel 27 February 1990 SeeIsrael–Poland relations

Poland broke off relations with Israel after theSix-Day Warof 1967, following most other countries of theSoviet UnioncontrolledEastern Bloc.Poland was the first Eastern bloc country to recognize Israel again in 1986. Full diplomatic relations have been reestablished in 1990, after the communistPeople's Republic of Polandwas transformed into modern, democratic Poland. Government relations between Poland and Israel are steadily improving, resulting in the mutual visits of presidents and the ministers of foreign affairs.[150][151]

Japan SeeJapan–Poland relations
  • Japan has an embassy in Warsaw, and an honorary consulate inKraków.
  • Poland has an embassy in Tokyo, and 2 honorary consulates (inKobeandHiroshima).[152]
  • Both countries are full members of theOECD.
Kazakhstan 6 April 1992 SeeKazakhstan–Poland relations

Poland opened its embassy in Nur-Sultan in March 1994. Kazakhstan's embassy to Poland was opened in October 2000.[153]

  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inNur-Sultan.
Kuwait
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inKuwait City.
Lebanon
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inBeirut.
Malaysia SeeMalaysia–Poland relations

Malaysia has an embassy in Warsaw,[154]and Poland has an embassy inKuala Lumpurand a consulate inKuching.[155][156]

Mongolia SeeMongolia–Poland relations
  • Mongolia has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inUlaanbaatar.
North Korea 1948 October[157] SeePoland–North Korea relations
  • North Korea has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inPyongyang.
Pakistan 17 December 1962 SeePakistan–Poland relations
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inIslamabad.
Palestine 1988 SeePalestine–Poland relations
  • Palestine has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has a representative office inRamallah.
Philippines SeePhilippines–Poland relations
Qatar
  • Poland has an embassy inDoha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Warsaw.
Saudi Arabia SeePoland–Saudi Arabia relations
  • Poland has an embassy inRiyadh.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Warsaw.
Singapore 1969[159]
  • Poland has an embassy in Singapore.[159]
  • Singapore has a non-resident ambassador based in Singapore accredited to Poland and has an honorary consulate-general in Warsaw.[159]
South Korea 1 November 1989[160] SeePoland–South Korea relations
Taiwan SeePoland–Taiwan relations
Tajikistan SeePoland–Tajikistan relations
  • Poland is accredited to Tajikistan from its embassy in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
  • Tajikistan is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
Thailand
  • Poland has an embassy inBangkok.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Warsaw.
Turkey SeePoland–Turkey relations
  • Poland has an embassy inAnkara.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Both countries are full members ofNATO,OECDand theCouncil of Europe.
  • Poland is anEUmemberand Turkey is anEUcandidate.Poland supports Turkey's accession negotiations to the EU, although negotiations have now been suspended.
Turkmenistan SeePoland–Turkmenistan relations
  • Poland is accredited to Turkmenistan from its embassy in Baku, Azerbaijan.
  • Turkmenistan is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
United Arab Emirates SeePoland–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Poland has an embassy inAbu Dhabi.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Warsaw.
Uzbekistan SeePoland–Uzbekistan relations
  • Poland has an embassy inTashkent.
  • Uzbekistan has an embassy in Warsaw.
Vietnam SeePoland–Vietnam relations
  • Poland has an embassy inHanoi.
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Warsaw.

Europe[edit]

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Albania SeeAlbania–Poland relations
Andorra 1996-5-15
  • Andorra is accredited to Poland from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs inAndorra la Vella,Andorra.
  • Poland is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid, Spain.
Austria 1921 SeeAustria–Poland relations

Austria was one of the threepartitioners of Poland,along withPrussia/Germany and Russia.

Belarus 1992-03-02[165] SeeBelarus–Poland relations
  • Both countries share a common border of 416 kilometres (258 miles).[166]
  • Poland was one of the first countries to recognise Belarusian independence.[165]
  • Belarus has an embassy in Warsaw and a consulate-general inGdańskandBiałystok,and a consulate inBiała Podlaska.[167]
  • Poland has an embassy inMinskand consulates-general inBrestandHrodna.[168]
Belgium 1919-3[169]
Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inSarajevo.
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina is anEUcandidateand Poland is anEUmember.
Bulgaria 1920s SeeBulgaria–Poland relations
Croatia 1992-04-11 SeeCroatia–Poland relations
Cyprus 1960s SeeCyprus–Poland relations

[174]

Czech Republic 1991-10-6[175] SeeCzech Republic–Poland relations
Denmark SeeDenmark–Poland relations
Estonia 1991-09 SeeEstonia–Poland relations
Finland 1919-03-08 SeeFinland–Poland relations
France 1919-2-24[179] SeeFrance–Poland relations

Polish-French relations date several centuries, although they became really relevant only with times ofFrench Revolutionand reign ofNapoleon I.Poles have beenallies of Napoleon;large Polish communitysettled in France in the 19th century, andPoles and French were also alliesduring theinterwar period.The official relations, having cooled down during theCold War,have improved since thefall of communism.Currently both countries are part of theEuropean UnionandNATO.

Germany SeeGermany–Poland relations

After the creation of modern Germany in 1871, Germany was one of the threepartitioners of Poland,along with Austria and Russia.

The joint Nazi-Sovietinvasion of Polandof 1939 startedWorld War II,and then until 1945, Poland wasoccupied by Germanyand subjected tocrimes against its popualtion.

During theCold War,communist Poland had good relations withEast Germany,but had strained relations withWest Germany.After thefall of communism,Poland and the reunited Germany have had a mostly positive but occasionally strained relationship due to some political issues. After the collapse of theSoviet Union,Germany has been a proponent of Poland's participation inNATOand theEuropean Union.

Greece SeeGreece–Poland relations
Holy See 1919 SeeHoly See–Poland relations
  • Holy see has an apostolic nunciature in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy to the Holy See based in Rome.
Hungary SeeHungary–Poland relations

Relations between the two states date back from theMiddle Ages.For a long time, they enjoy traditional close friendship.

Iceland January 1946 SeeIceland–Poland relations
Ireland 1976-9-30[184] SeeIreland–Poland relations
Italy 1919-2-27[189] SeeItaly–Poland relations
Latvia 1991-08-30 SeeLatvia–Poland relations
Lithuania 1991-9-5[194] SeeLithuania–Poland relations

Poland and Lithuania formed a close alliance andpolitical unionsince 1385, which was eventually transformed into thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth,one of the greatest historic powers ofCentral and Eastern Europe.

Thefall of communismin the years of 1989-1991 led to a formal reestablishment of relations by the Polish and Lithuanian states. Poland was highly supportive of the Lithuanian independence, and became one of the first countries to recognize independent Lithuania.[195]Despite that, there was a relative crisis in the early 1990s,[196]due to Lithuanian mistreatment of Polish minority, and Lithuanian suspicious that Poland would want to put Lithuania under its sphere of influence.[195]After a few years, as the situation normalized, Polish-Lithuanian relations have been steadily improving over the past two decades, with both countries joining theNATOandEuropean Union.

Luxembourg 1921-4-18[197] SeeLuxembourg–Poland relations
Malta
Moldova 1991-8-27[198] SeeMoldova–Poland relations
Monaco 1990[199]
  • Monaco is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany and maintains an honorary consulate in Warsaw.
  • Poland is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France.
Montenegro
  • Montenegro has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inPodgorica.
  • Both countries are full members ofNATO.
  • Montenegro is anEUcandidateand Poland is anEUmember.
Netherlands SeeNetherlands–Poland relations
North Macedonia
  • North Macedonia has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy inSkopje.
  • Both countries are full members ofNATO.
  • North Macedonia is anEUcandidateand Poland is anEUmember.
Norway SeeNorway–Poland relations
Portugal 11 July 1974 SeePoland–Portugal relations
Romania 1919-02-09 SeePoland–Romania relations
Russia SeePoland–Russia relations

Russia was one of the threepartitioners of Poland,along with Austria and Prussia/Germany.

The joint German-Sovietinvasion of Polandof 1939 startedWorld War II.

In recent years, relations with Russia have worsened considerably. During theRusso-Georgian WarPoland stated its support for Georgia and condemned Russia's actions. The Polish believed the war was carried out by the Russians in an attempt to reestablish and reassert its dominance over its former republics. Since 2009, however, relations with Russia somewhat improved, despite theSmolensk air disasterwhere the former Polish president died on what is still considered a controversial event. After theannexation of Crimea by Russiathe relations deteriorated again, as Poland strongly condemned Russian actions againstUkraine.

Serbia 1919 SeePoland–Serbia relations
Slovakia 1993 SeePoland–Slovakia relations
Slovenia 1992-4-10[204]
Spain 1919-5-19[205] SeePoland–Spain relations
Sweden 1919-6-3[205] SeePoland–Sweden relations

Poland and Sweden formed thePolish–Swedish unionin the late 16th century.

Switzerland
Ukraine 1992-1-4[206] SeePoland–Ukraine relations

Both countries share a border of about 529 kilometres (329 miles).[166]Poland's acceptance of theSchengen Agreementcreated problems with the Ukrainian border traffic. On July 1, 2009 an agreement onlocal border trafficbetween the two country's came into effect. This agreement enables Ukrainian citizens living in border regions to cross the Polish frontier according to a liberalized procedure.[207]

United Kingdom 1919-2-25[208] SeePoland–United Kingdom relations

During the Cold War Poland retained a largely negative view of Britain as a sluggish ally of Poland during World War II, later acceptance of neglecting Poland in the international arena and placing it in communist influences. In communist times the UK was a part of the NATO block, so consequently it was considered by the communists as natural enemy of the communist bloc. British efforts meanwhile were focussed at trying to break Poland off from the Warsaw Pact and encouraging reforms in the country. In the 1990s and 2000s democratic Poland has maintained close relations with Britain; both in defence matters and within the EU; Britain being one of only a few countries allowing equal rights to Polish workers upon their accession in 2004.[209]

  • Poland has an embassy inLondonand consulates-general inBelfast,EdinburghandManchester.[210]
  • United Kingdom has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • According to official estimates there were around 900,000 Poles living in the UK in December 2019.[211]
  • Both countries are full members ofNATO.

Oceania[edit]

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Australia February 1972 SeeAustralia–Poland relations
  • Australia has an embassy in Warsaw.[212]
  • Poland has an embassy inCanberraand a consulate-general inSydney.[213]
  • Both countries are full members of theOECD.
Micronesia 12 February 2019

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2019.[214]

  • Poland is accredited to Micronesia from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
  • Micronesia currently does not have an accredited ambassador to Poland.
New Zealand 1 March 1973 SeeNew Zealand–Poland relations
  • New Zealand has an embassy in Warsaw.[215]
  • Poland has an embassy inWellington.[216]
  • Both countries are full members of theOECD.
Papua New Guinea SeePapua New Guinea–Poland relations
  • Papua New Guinea is accredited to Poland from its embassy inBrussels.
  • Poland is accredited to Papua New Guinea from its embassy inCanberra,and there is an honorary consulate of Poland inMadang.[217]
Solomon Islands 6 March 2012

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 March 2012.[218]

  • Poland is accredited to the Solomon Islands from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
  • Solomon Islands are accredited to Poland from its embassy Brussels, Belgium.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^Commission, European (2015)."25 years after the fall of the Iron Curtain: The of integration of East and West in the European Union"(PDF):12.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  2. ^"Into the Fold or Out in the Cold? NATO Expansion and European Security after the Cold War".Video: NATO Expansion and European Security after the Cold War.The Wilson Center. 2 May 2014.
  3. ^Dyplomacja polska w XX wieku.Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. 2006. pp. 126–132.
  4. ^"Polonia in Italia"(in Italian).Retrieved12 April2023.
  5. ^"Poland in Belgium".Retrieved12 April2023.
  6. ^"Polska w Szwajcarii"(in Polish).Retrieved12 April2023.
  7. ^"Poland in Greece".Retrieved12 April2023.
  8. ^"Polska w Japonii"(in Polish).Retrieved13 April2023.
  9. ^"La Pologne en France"(in French).Retrieved12 April2023.
  10. ^"Polska w USA"(in Polish).Retrieved12 April2023.
  11. ^"Strony o Madrycie"(in Polish).Retrieved12 April2023.
  12. ^"Relacje dyplomatyczne między Polską a Watykanem"(in Polish).Retrieved12 April2023.
  13. ^"Polska w Rumunii (Serwis Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej)"(in Polish).Retrieved12 April2023.
  14. ^"Polska w Holandii: Współpraca polityczna (Serwis Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej)"(in Polish).Retrieved12 April2023.
  15. ^"Polska w Wielkiej Brytanii (Serwis Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej)"(in Polish).Retrieved12 April2023.
  16. ^"Poland in Sweden".Retrieved12 April2023.
  17. ^"Polska w Norwegii: Współpraca polityczna"(in Polish).Retrieved12 April2023.
  18. ^"Polska w Danii (Serwis Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej)"(in Polish).Retrieved12 April2023.
  19. ^"Serbia Współpraca polityczna"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  20. ^"Polska w Finlandii (Serwis Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej)"(in Polish).Retrieved12 April2023.
  21. ^abcdefBiliński, Wojciech (2018)."Uznanie międzynarodowe Polski austanowienie przez nią stosunków dyplomatycznych w1919 r."Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne(in Polish).108:18–32.doi:10.26485/SPE/2018/108/1.
  22. ^"Czechy"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  23. ^"Brasil"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  24. ^"Chile"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  25. ^"Łotwa"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  26. ^"Luksemburg Współpraca polityczna"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  27. ^"Политический диалог"(in Russian).Retrieved23 July2023.
  28. ^"Estonia"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  29. ^"Portugalia"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  30. ^"200 lat obecności polskiej w Argentynie. Tom studiów z okazji 100. rocznicy nawiązania stosunków dyplomatycznych pomiędzy Polską i Argentyną"(in Polish).Retrieved27 June2023.
  31. ^"Turcja-Polska. Traktat Przyjaźni. Lozanna.1923.07.23"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  32. ^"Historia stosunków dwustronnych"(in Polish). Archived fromthe originalon 28 March 2023.Retrieved23 July2023.
  33. ^"Poland in Egypt".Retrieved13 April2023.
  34. ^"Poland in Iran".Retrieved13 April2023.
  35. ^"Afganistan"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  36. ^"MANUAL DE ORGANIZACIÓN DE LA EMBAJADA DE MÉXICO EN POLONIA"(PDF)(in Spanish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  37. ^"SERIA WYDAWNICZA: POLSKA SŁUŻBA ZAGRANICZNA 1918–1945 – materiały źródłowe"(PDF)(in Polish). p. 161. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2021-12-22.Retrieved2022-01-14.
  38. ^"Szef polskiego MSZ z pierwszą od ponad 30 lat oficjalną wizytą na Kubie"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  39. ^abcdefghij"SERIA WYDAWNICZA: POLSKA SŁUŻBA ZAGRANICZNA 1918–1945 – materiały źródłowe"(PDF)(in Polish). p. 271. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2021-12-22.Retrieved2022-01-14.
  40. ^Paweł Ceranka Krzysztof Szczepanik Jan Zdanowski."PLACÓWKI DYPLOMATYCZNE RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ POLSKIEJ 1918–1945"(PDF).archiwa.gov.pl(in Polish). p. 67.Retrieved11 November2023.
  41. ^Paweł Ceranka Krzysztof Szczepanik Jan Zdanowski."PLACÓWKI DYPLOMATYCZNE RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ POLSKIEJ 1918–1945"(PDF).archiwa.gov.pl(in Polish). p. 40.Retrieved11 November2023.
  42. ^"80-lecie nawiązania stosunków dyplomatycznych pomiędzy Polską i Albanią"(in Polish). Archived fromthe originalon 1 October 2023.Retrieved23 July2023.
  43. ^"80 lat temu Polska i Litwa nawiązały stosunki dyplomatyczne"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  44. ^"Canada and Poland Celebrating the 75th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations".Retrieved23 July2023.
  45. ^"Witold Ryszard Korsak"(in Polish). Archived fromthe originalon 2008-09-08.Retrieved2022-01-14.
  46. ^"Liban"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  47. ^"Koreańska Republika Ludowo-Demokratyczna"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  48. ^"Chiny"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  49. ^"Wietnam"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  50. ^"Mongolia Współpraca polityczna"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  51. ^"Indie"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  52. ^"Indonezja"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  53. ^abc"Calendarium Polski Ludowej 1944-1963"(PDF)(in Polish). p. 458-481.Retrieved23 July2023.
  54. ^"Sri Lanka"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  55. ^"Yemen".Retrieved23 July2023.
  56. ^"Guinée"(in French).Retrieved23 July2023.
  57. ^"Maroc"(in French).Retrieved23 July2023.
  58. ^"Tunezja"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  59. ^"Nepal"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  60. ^"Ghana"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  61. ^"Cyprus".Retrieved23 July2023.
  62. ^"Nigeria"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  63. ^"Burundi"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  64. ^"Pakistan"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  65. ^"Libia"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  66. ^"Kenia Współpraca polityczna"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  67. ^"Jordania"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  68. ^"Rwanda"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  69. ^"Mauritanie"(in French).Retrieved23 July2023.
  70. ^"Singapur"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  71. ^"Republika Środkowoafrykańska"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  72. ^"Malezja"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  73. ^"Malta".Retrieved23 July2023.
  74. ^"Bangladesz"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  75. ^"Australia"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  76. ^"Kamerun"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  77. ^"Gujana"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  78. ^"Tajlandia"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  79. ^"Republika Konga"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  80. ^"Liberia"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  81. ^"Philippines".Retrieved23 July2023.
  82. ^"Guinée-Bissau"(in French).Retrieved23 July2023.
  83. ^"Gambie"(in French).Retrieved23 July2023.
  84. ^"Mozambik"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  85. ^"Cap-Vert"(in French).Retrieved23 July2023.
  86. ^"Irlandia"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  87. ^"Gabon"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  88. ^"Komory"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  89. ^"Papua-Nowa Gwinea"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  90. ^"Demokratyczna Republika Wysp Św. Tomasza i Książęcej"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  91. ^abcdefghijklmnopq"Diplomatic relations between Poland and..."United Nations Digital Library.Retrieved2 July2022.
  92. ^"Lesotho"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  93. ^"Gwinea Równikowa"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  94. ^"Dżibuti"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  95. ^"Grenada"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  96. ^"Vanuatu".Retrieved23 July2023.
  97. ^"Republika Korei"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  98. ^"Oman".Retrieved23 July2023.
  99. ^"Namibia".Retrieved13 April2023.
  100. ^"RPA"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  101. ^"Ukraina".Retrieved23 July2023.
  102. ^"Tadżykistan"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  103. ^"Relacje dwustronne"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  104. ^"Armenia"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  105. ^"Białoruś"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  106. ^"Uzbekistan"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  107. ^"Słowenia"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  108. ^"Gruzja"(in Polish).
  109. ^"Malawi"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  110. ^"Mołdawia"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  111. ^"Słowacja"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  112. ^"Surinam"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  113. ^"Polonia in Italia: San Marino (Servizio della Repubblica di Polonia)"(in Italian).Retrieved12 April2023.
  114. ^"Saudi Arabia".Retrieved23 July2023.
  115. ^"Bośnia i Hercegowina".Retrieved23 July2023.
  116. ^"Timor Wschodni"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  117. ^"The Bahamas".Retrieved12 April2023.
  118. ^"Antigua i Barbuda"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  119. ^"Czarnogóra"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  120. ^"Współpraca polityczna w okresie III RP"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  121. ^"Sudan Południowy"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  122. ^"Nauru"(in Polish).Retrieved23 July2023.
  123. ^"Kiribati".Retrieved23 July2023.
  124. ^"Mikronezja"(in Polish). Archived fromthe originalon 24 March 2023.Retrieved23 July2023.
  125. ^"Tuvalu".Retrieved23 July2023.
  126. ^"Tonga".Retrieved23 July2023.
  127. ^"Polish embassy in Buenos Aires (in Polish and Spanish only)".Buenosaires.polemb.net. Archived fromthe originalon 2010-06-26.Retrieved2010-12-25.
  128. ^"Archived copy"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2017-12-30.Retrieved2018-12-06.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  129. ^"Apresentação".varsovia.itamaraty.gov.br.Retrieved22 March2018.
  130. ^"Ambasada Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w Brasilii".www.brasilia.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  131. ^"Canadian embassy in Warsaw".Archived fromthe originalon 24 September 2009.Retrieved22 March2018.
  132. ^"Polish embassy in Ottawa".Ottawa.polemb.net. Archived fromthe originalon 2010-06-26.Retrieved2010-12-25.
  133. ^"Polish embassy in Bogotá (in Polish and Spanish only)".Retrieved2013-11-29.
  134. ^"Countries with which Guyana has Establishment Diplomatic Relations".Guyana Ministry of Foreign Affairs.5 March 2015. Archived fromthe originalon 14 October 2015.
  135. ^"Embassy of Mexico in Warsaw".Retrieved20 October2022.
  136. ^"Embajada de la República de Polonia en México".Retrieved20 October2022.
  137. ^"Embajada de Perú en Polonia".www.perupol.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  138. ^"Embajada de la República de Polonia en Lima".www.lima.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  139. ^"Rice to visit Poland to sign missile shield deal".AFP.August 18, 2008. Archived fromthe originalon August 21, 2008.Retrieved2008-08-18.
  140. ^Bhadrakumar, M.K. (August 18, 2008)."China seeks Caucasian crisis windfall".Asia Times Online.Archived fromthe originalon December 16, 2008.Retrieved2008-08-18.
  141. ^"Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Washington, D.C."www.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  142. ^"Embassy & Consulate".U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Poland.Retrieved23 May2021.
  143. ^"Armenia".www.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  144. ^Katarzyna Marchwicka."Otwarcie Konsulatu Honorowego Republiki Armenii w Łodzi".Urząd Miasta Łodzi(in Polish).Retrieved23 May2021.
  145. ^"Polish embassy in Yerevan (in Armenian and Polish only)".Erewan.polemb.net. Archived fromthe originalon 2010-06-26.Retrieved2010-12-25.
  146. ^"Azerbaijan".www.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  147. ^"Indo-Polish relations".Embassy of India in Poland. Archived fromthe originalon 2003-10-31.Retrieved2008-10-10.
  148. ^"Embassy of India in Poland".Archived fromthe originalon 3 September 2015.Retrieved22 March2018.
  149. ^"Embassy of the Republic of Poland in New Delhi".www.newdelhi.mfa.gov.pl.Archived fromthe originalon 18 May 2015.Retrieved22 March2018.
  150. ^"CEEOL Yearbook of Polish Foreign Policy (English Edition)".Ceeol.com. 2006. Archived fromthe originalon 28 December 2017.Retrieved25 December2010.
  151. ^"Poland Resumes Full Diplomatic Ties With Israel"The New York Times.28 February 1990.
  152. ^"Konsulaty honorowe - Polska w Japonii".Portal Gov.pl(in Polish).Retrieved23 May2021.
  153. ^"Kazakhstan".www.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved2017-07-28.
  154. ^"Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Warsaw".Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia.Retrieved24 February2014.
  155. ^"Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Kuala Lumpur".Poland Embassy, Kuala Lumpur.Retrieved24 February2014.
  156. ^Raziah Geneid Mahmud."Malaysia & Poland Ties".Raziah Geneid.Archived fromthe originalon 27 August 2014.Retrieved24 February2014.
  157. ^"북한과 폴란드의 정치 관계".Retrieved22 March2018.
  158. ^"Honorary consulates".Poland in the Philippines - Official Website of the Embassy of Poland in Manila.Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.Retrieved23 May2021.
  159. ^abc"Singapore - Poland in Singapore".Portal Gov.pl.Retrieved23 May2021.
  160. ^"Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea".Archived fromthe originalon 2013-12-24.Retrieved2017-06-11.
  161. ^"Ambasada Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w Seulu".www.seul.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  162. ^"주 폴란드 대한민국 대사관".pol.mofa.go.kr.Archived fromthe originalon 28 December 2017.Retrieved22 March2018.
  163. ^"Austrian embassy in Budapest (in German and Polish only)".Bmeia.gv.at. Archived fromthe originalon 2012-07-28.Retrieved2010-12-25.
  164. ^"Polish embassy in Vienna (in German and Polish only)".Wien.polemb.net. Archived fromthe originalon 2015-02-23.Retrieved2010-12-25.
  165. ^ab"Embassy of Belarus in Poland"Archived2009-08-04 at theWayback Machinebelembassy.org.Retrieved 26 March 2009.
  166. ^abcdef(in Polish)Informacje o Polsce - informacje ogólneArchivedJune 25, 2009, at theWayback Machine.Page gives PolishPWN Encyklopediaas reference.
  167. ^"Embassy Belarus in Poland"Archived2009-07-14 at theWayback Machinebelembassy.org.Retrieved 26 March 2009.
  168. ^"Embassy of Poland in Belarus"Archived2009-02-21 at theWayback Machineminsk.polemb.net.Retrieved 26 March 2009.
  169. ^"Belgium".www.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  170. ^"Ambasada Republiki Bułgarii i placówki konsularne".Honorowy Konsulat Republiki Bułgarii w Krakowie(in Polish).Retrieved23 May2021.
  171. ^"Polish embassy in Sofia".Polamba-bg.org. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-07-27.Retrieved2010-12-25.
  172. ^"Konsulaty honorowe - Polska w Bułgarii".Portal Gov.pl(in Polish).Retrieved23 May2021.
  173. ^"Croatian embassy in Warsaw (in Croatian and Polish only)".Pl.mfa.hr. Archived fromthe originalon 2010-12-18.Retrieved2010-12-25.
  174. ^"Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Nicosia".Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Archived fromthe originalon 2009-03-26.Retrieved2009-07-01.
  175. ^"Czech Republic".www.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  176. ^"Estonian embassy in Warsaw".Estemb.pl.Retrieved2010-12-25.
  177. ^"Polish embassy in Tallinn".Tallinn.polemb.net. Archived fromthe originalon 2010-06-26.Retrieved2010-12-25.
  178. ^"Polish embassy in Helsinki (in Finnish and Polish only)".Helsinki.polemb.net. Archived fromthe originalon 2013-07-22.Retrieved2010-12-25.
  179. ^"France".www.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  180. ^"Konsulowie honorowi".Ambasada Węgier Warszawa(in Polish).Retrieved4 April2021.
  181. ^"Konsulaty honorowe".Portal Gov.pl(in Polish).Retrieved4 April2021.
  182. ^Embassy of Iceland in Warsaw
  183. ^"Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Reykjavik".www.reykjavik.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  184. ^"Ireland".www.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  185. ^Affairs, Department of Foreign."Poland - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade".www.dfa.ie.Retrieved22 March2018.
  186. ^"Team Ireland in Poland".Department of Foreign Affairs.Retrieved23 May2021.
  187. ^"Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Dublin".www.dublin.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  188. ^"Honorary consulates - Poland in Ireland".Gov.pl website.Retrieved23 May2021.
  189. ^"Italy".www.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  190. ^"Sieć konsularna".Ambasciata d'Italia Varsavia(in Polish). Archived fromthe originalon 14 June 2022.Retrieved4 April2021.
  191. ^"Konsulaty honorowe".Portal Gov.pl(in Polish).Retrieved4 April2021.
  192. ^"Latvian embassy in Warsaw (in Latvian and Polish only)".Am.gov.lv.Retrieved2010-12-25.
  193. ^"Polish embassy in Riga".Ryga.polemb.net. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-06-16.Retrieved2010-12-25.
  194. ^"Lithuania".www.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
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  198. ^"Andorra".www.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  199. ^"Monaco".www.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  200. ^"Polish embassy in Bucharest".Bukareszt.polemb.net. Archived fromthe originalon 2010-10-27.Retrieved2010-12-25.
  201. ^"Romanian embassy in Warsaw".Varsovia.mae.ro. 2010-12-17.Retrieved2010-12-25.
  202. ^"Polish embassy in Bratislava".Archived fromthe originalon 19 October 2006.Retrieved22 March2018.
  203. ^"Slovak embassy in Warsaw (in Polish and Slovakian only)".Ambasada-slowacji.pl. Archived fromthe originalon 2014-05-16.Retrieved2010-12-25.
  204. ^"Slovenia".www.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  205. ^ab"Spain".www.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  206. ^"Ukraine".www.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  207. ^Local Border Traffic Agreement With Poland Takes EffectArchived2013-01-05 atarchive.today,Ukrainian News Agency(July 1, 2009)
  208. ^"Great Britain".www.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
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  210. ^"Embassy & Consulates - Poland in the UK - Gov.pl website".
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  212. ^Trade, corporateName= Department of Foreign Affairs and."Australian Embassy in".australia.pl.Archived fromthe originalon 18 March 2018.Retrieved22 March2018.
  213. ^"Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Canberra".www.canberra.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
  214. ^"His Excellency Michal Kolodziejski, Ambassador of the Republic of Poland, Presents Credentials".Archived fromthe originalon 28 February 2019.Retrieved27 February2019.
  215. ^Trade, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and."New Zealand Embassy".New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.Retrieved22 March2018.
  216. ^"Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Wellington".wellington.msz.gov.pl.Retrieved22 March2018.
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Public DomainThis article incorporatespublic domain materialfromThe World Factbook.CIA.

Further reading[edit]

  • Biskupski, M. B.The History of Poland.Greenwood, 2000. 264 pp.online editionArchived2008-02-13 at theWayback Machine
  • The Cambridge History of Poland,2 vols., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1941 (1697–1935), 1950 (to 1696). New York: Octagon Books, 1971online edition vol 1 to 1696Archived2008-02-13 at theWayback Machine,old fashioned but highly detailed
  • Davies, Norman.God's Playground.A History of Poland. Vol. 2: 1795 to the Present.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982 /ISBN0-19-925340-4.
  • Davies, Norman.Heart of Europe: A Short History of Poland.Oxford University Press, 1984. 511 pp.excerpt and text search
  • Fedorowicz, Krzysztof (July 2007). "National Identity and National Interest in Polish Eastern Policy, 1989-2004".Nationalities Papers.35(3): 537–553.doi:10.1080/00905990701368761.hdl:10593/26952.S2CID154831664.
  • Frucht, Richard.Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the Fall of CommunismGarland Pub., 2000online editionArchived2010-03-18 at theWayback Machine
  • Gerson Louis L.Woodrow Wilson and the Rebirth of Poland 1914-1920(1972)
  • Hetherington, Peter.Unvanquished: Joseph Pilsudski, Resurrected Poland, and the Struggle for Eastern Europe(2012) 752ppexcerpt and text search
  • Kenney, Padraic. "After the Blank Spots Are Filled: Recent Perspectives on Modern Poland,"Journal of Modern History(2007) 79#1 pp 134–61,in JSTORhistoriography
  • Klatt, Malgorzata. "Poland and its Eastern neighbours: Foreign policy principles."Journal of Contemporary European Research7.1 (2011): 61-76.online
  • Korbel, Josef.Poland Between East and West: Soviet and German Diplomacy toward Poland, 1919–1933(Princeton University Press, 1963)
  • Kuźniar, R. ed.Poland's Security Policy 1989-2000(Warsaw: Scholar Publishing House, 2001).
  • Lerski, George J.Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945.Greenwood, 1996. 750 pp.online
  • Leslie, R. F.et al.The History of Poland since 1863.Cambridge U. Press, 1980. 494 pp.excerpt[dead link]
  • Lukowski, Jerzy and Zawadzki, Hubert.A Concise History of Poland.(2nd ed. Cambridge U. Press, 2006). 408pp.excerpts and search
  • Magocsi, Paul Robert t al.A History of East Central Europe(1974).
  • Pogonowski, Iwo Cyprian.Poland: A Historical Atlas.Hippocrene, 1987. 321 pp.
  • Prazmowska, Anita J.A History of Poland(2004\)
  • Sanford, George.Historical Dictionary of Poland.Scarecrow Press, 2003. 291 pp.
  • Snyder, Timothy.The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999(2003).
  • Wróbel, Piotr.Historical Dictionary of Poland, 1945-1996.Greenwood, 1998. 397 pp.
  • Zięba, Ryszard.Poland's Foreign and Security PolicySpringer, 2020)online
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