Frederick Francis II
| Frederick Francis II | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin | |
| Reign | 7 March 1842 – 15 April 1883 |
| Predecessor | Paul Frederick |
| Successor | Frederick Francis III |
| Born | 28 February 1823 Ludwigslust Palace,Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin,German Confederation |
| Died | 15 April 1883(aged 60) Schwerin,Mecklenburg-Schwerin,Germany |
| Spouse |
|
| Issue | Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Duke Paul Frederick Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia Duke Nikolaus Duke John Albert Duke Alexander Duchess Anna Elisabeth, Grand Duchess of Oldenburg Duke Friedrich William Duke Adolf Friedrich Henry, Prince Consort of the Netherlands |
| House | Mecklenburg-Schwerin |
| Father | Paul Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |
| Mother | Princess Alexandrine of Prussia |
| Religion | Lutheran |
Frederick Francis II(German:Friedrich Franz II;28 February 1823 – 15 April 1883) was aPrussianofficer andGrand DukeofMecklenburg-Schwerinfrom 7 March 1842 until 15 April 1883.
Biography
[edit]He was born inSchloss Ludwigslust,the eldest son ofHereditary Grand Duke Paul Friedrich of Mecklenburg-SchwerinandPrincess Alexandrine of Prussia.He becameheir apparentto the grand duchy following the death of his great-grandfatherFrederick Francis Ion 1 February 1837. Frederick Francis was privately educated until 1838. He then attended the Blochmann institute inDresdenbefore going to theUniversity of Bonn.[1][2]Frederick Francis succeeded his father as Grand Duke on 7 March 1842.
During theSecond Schleswig War,Frederick Francis served on the staff ofGeneralfeldmarschallFriedrich Graf von Wrangel,having refused a command in the fight against Denmark sinceChristian IX of Denmarkwas a close friend.[3]During theAustro-Prussian Warhe commanded the forces that occupiedLeipzigand lay siege toNuremberg.He also took part in theFranco-Prussian War,during which he was made Governor-General ofReimsand commanded the German forces laying siege toToul.He defended the Prussian forces during theSiege of Parisfrom attack by theArmy of the Loire.He defeated French forces at the battles ofBeaune-La-RolandeandBeaugency.He was the maternal first cousin of both German EmperorFrederick IIIandRussian Tsar Alexander II.He held the rank of Prussian general and was also a Russian General Field Marshal.[1]
Frederick Francis died on 15 April 1883 inSchwerinand was succeeded as Grand Duke by his eldest son,Frederick Francis III.
Marriages and children
[edit]Frederick Francis was first married toPrincess Augusta Reuss of Köstritz(26 May 1822 – 3 March 1862) on 3 November 1849 inLudwigslust.They had six children:
- Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin(19 March 1851 – 10 April 1897) he marriedGrand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russiaon 24 January 1879. They had three children.
- Duke Paul Frederick of Mecklenburg-Schwerin(19 September 1852 – 17 May 1923) he marriedPrincess Marie of Windisch-Graetzon 5 May 1881. They had five children.
- Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin(14 May 1854 – 5 September 1920) she marriedGrand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russiaon 28 August 1874. They had five children.
- Duke Nikolaus of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (18 August 1855 – 23 January 1856) died at 5 months old.
- Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg-Schwerin(8 December 1857 – 16 February 1920) he marriedPrincess Elisabeth Sybille of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach(28 February 1854 – 10 July 1908) on 6 November 1886. He remarriedPrincess Elisabeth of Stolberg-Rosslaon 15 December 1909.
- Duke Alexander of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (13 August 1859 – 13 August 1859)
Frederick Francis married for a second time inDarmstadttoPrincess Anna of Hesse and by Rhine(25 May 1843 – 16 April 1865) on 4 July 1864. They had one daughter:
- Duchess Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (7 April 1865 – 8 February 1882) died at the age of 16.
His third wife wasPrincess Marie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadton 4 July 1868. They had four children:
- Duchess Elisabeth Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin(10 August 1869 – 3 September 1955) she marriedFrederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburgon 24 October 1896. They had five children.
- Duke Friedrich Wilhelm of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (5 April 1871 – 22 September 1897) died at the age of 26.
- Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg-Schwerin(10 October 1873 – 5 August 1969) he married Princess Viktoria Feodora ofReuss zu Schleiz(21 April 1889 – 18 December 1918) on 24 April 1917. They had one daughterDuchess Woizlawa Feodora of Mecklenburg-Schwerin(1918–2019), later PrincessReuß zu Köstritz.After the death of his first wife, Adolf Friedrich remarriedPrincess Elisabeth of Stolberg-Rosslaon 15 October 1924.
- Duke Heinrich of Mecklenburg-Schwerin(19 April 1876 – 3 July 1934) he married QueenWilhelmina of the Netherlandson 7 February 1901. They had one daughter:Queen Juliana.
Honours
[edit]- German decorations[4]
Mecklenburg:
- Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown,with Crown in Ore and Collar
- Founder of theMilitary Merit Cross,5 August 1848(Schwerin)
Anhalt:Grand Cross of theOrder of Albert the Bear,with Swords,19 September 1864[5]
Baden:
- Knight of theHouse Order of Fidelity,1844[6]
- Grand Cross of the Zähringer Lion,1844[6]
- Grand Cross of theMilitary Karl-Friedrich Merit Order,1871[7]
Bavaria:
- Knight of St. Hubert,1856[8]
- Grand Cross of theMilitary Order of Max Joseph
Brunswick:Grand Cross of theOrder of Henry the Lion
Ernestine duchies:Grand Cross of theSaxe-Ernestine House Order,May 1840[9]
Hanover:[10]
Hesse-Darmstadt:Grand Cross of theLudwig Order,25 December 1843[11]
Hesse-Kassel:Knight of the Golden Lion,14 March 1864[12]
Nassau:Knight of the Gold Lion of Nassau,July 1858[13]
Oldenburg:Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig,with Golden Crown,8 October 1843;with Swords,31 December 1870[14]
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach:Grand Cross of the White Falcon,16 February 1840;[15]with Swords,1871[16]
Saxony:Knight of the Rue Crown,1842[17]
Prussia:
- Knight of the Black Eagle,9 January 1840;with Collar,1851[18]
- Knight of the Red Eagle,1st Class,9 January 1840;with Swords,1864[18]
- Commander of Honour of theJohanniter Order,1863[18]
- Grand Commander's Cross of theRoyal House Order of Hohenzollern,9 December 1865;with Swords,1871[18]
- Pour le Mérite(military),9 August 1866;with Oak Leaves,5 December 1870[19]
- Grand Crossof theIron Cross,4 December 1871[19]
Württemberg:[20]
- Grand Cross of the Military Merit Order,30 December 1870
- Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown,1871
- Foreign decorations[4]
Austrian Empire:Grand Cross of theRoyal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen,1844[21]
Denmark:Knight of the Elephant,5 April 1842[22]
Kingdom of Greece:Grand Cross of the Redeemer
Kingdom of Italy:Knight of the Annunciation,6 June 1870[23]
Netherlands:Grand Cross of the Gold Lion of Nassau
Ottoman Empire:Order of Osmanieh,1st Class
Kingdom of Portugal:Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword
Russian Empire:
Spain:Grand Cross of theOrder of Charles III,24 September 1865[24]
Ancestors
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ab"Obituary - Friedrich Franz II"(PDF).New York Times.1883-04-16.Retrieved2007-10-23.
- ^Garlington, JC (1852).The Men of the Time, Or, Sketches of Living Notables.Redfield. p.349.
- ^"Friedrich Franz II. Großherzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin".prussianmachine.com.Retrieved2021-12-19.
- ^abGrossherzoglich Mecklenburg-Schwerinscher Staatskalendar(1880) pp.1-2
- ^Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Herzogtum Anhalt(1867) "Herzoglicher Haus-orden Albrecht des Bären" p.18
- ^abHof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden(1880), "Großherzogliche Orden" pp.33,49
- ^Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden(1880), "Großherzogliche Orden" p.63
- ^Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern(1873), "Königliche Orden" p.8
- ^Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha(1843), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 6
- ^Staat Hannover (1865).Hof- und Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Hannover: 1865.Berenberg. pp.37,75.
- ^Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen(1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p.10
- ^Hessen-Kassel (1866).Kurfürstlich Hessisches Hof- und Staatshandbuch: 1866.Waisenhaus. p.16.
- ^Staats- und Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau(1866), "Herzogliche Orden" p.8
- ^Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg0: 1879.Schulze. 1879. p.31.
- ^Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach(1843), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p.8Archived2020-07-06 at theWayback Machine
- ^Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach(1880), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p.13Archived2019-11-15 at theWayback Machine
- ^Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1865/66.Heinrich. 1866. p. 4.
- ^abcd"Königlich Preussische Ordensliste",Preussische Ordens-Liste(in German),1,Berlin:9,37,923,964,1877 – via hathitrust.org
- ^ab"Friedrich Franz II. Großherzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin".the Prussian Machine.Archived fromthe originalon 2017-10-23.Retrieved5 August2020.
- ^Württemberg (1873).Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Württemberg: 1873.pp.32,71.
- ^"A Szent István Rend tagjai"Archived22 December 2010 at theWayback Machine
- ^Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1881) [1st pub.:1801].Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1881[State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1881](PDF).Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. p. 3.Retrieved4 July2020– viada:DIS Danmark.
- ^Italia: Ministero dell'interno (1878).Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia.Unione tipografico-editrice. p.38.
- ^"Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III".Guía Oficial de España(in Spanish). 1881. p. 145.Retrieved4 July2020.
External links
[edit]
Media related toFrederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerinat Wikimedia Commons
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
- 1823 births
- 1883 deaths
- Dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- German landowners
- German Protestants
- German military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War
- Field marshals of the Russian Empire
- University of Bonn alumni
- Burials at Schwerin Cathedral
- Hereditary Grand Dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- Grand Dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- People from Ludwigslust
- Colonel generals of Prussia
- 19th-century Prussian military personnel
- Grand Crosses of the Military Order of Max Joseph
- Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
- Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
- Recipients of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross
- Military personnel from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania