Fuling, Chongqing
Fuling
Phù lăng khu Fowling | |
|---|---|
 | |
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 Fuling District in Chongqing | |
| Coordinates (Fuling District government):29°42′12″N107°23′23″E/ 29.7032°N 107.3898°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Municipality | Chongqing |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,941.46 km2(1,135.70 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 287 m (942 ft) |
| Population (2020) | 1,115,016 |
| Time zone | UTC+8(China Standard) |
| Fuling | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | PhùLăng | ||||||||
| Postal | Fowling | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | "Fu (River) mausoleum" | ||||||||
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Fuling District(simplified Chinese:Phù lăng khu;traditional Chinese:Phù lăng khu;pinyin:Fúlíng Qū) is adistrictin centralChongqing,China.As the second largest city in Chongqing, the area is known forzha cai,a hot pickled mustardtuber,[1]as well as serving as the location of former U.S.Peace CorpsteacherPeter Hessler's best-selling memoirRiver Town: Two Years on the Yangtze.
The district spans an area of 2,941.46 square kilometres (1,135.70 sq mi),[2]and has a population of 1,115,016, per the2020 Chinese Census.[3]The district's area spans fromlatitude29°21' to 30°01' north, andlongitude106°56' to 107°43' east.[2]
History
[edit]According to thedistrict'sgovernment, the area comprising contemporary Fuling District has been inhabited since approximately 3000 BCE.[4]
During theSpring and Autumn period,the area was inhabited by theBaipu people.[4]From the middle and late part ofSpring and Autumn period,through to the middle of theWarring States period,the area belonged to theState of Ba.[4]The area was at some point the site of one of the Ba's capitals, and a Ba king is buried within the area.[4]During the middle and latter part of the Warring States period, the area belonged to theState of Chu.[4]
Following the State of Chu, the area was incorporated into theQin dynastyas theBa Commandery.[4]The area reorganized in 227 BCE, under the rule ofKing Zhaoxiang of Qin,asZhi County.[4]
During theEastern Han,Zhi County was merged intoPingdu County.[4]
In theThree Kingdoms period,the area was ruled by theShu Han,and organized asHanping County(simplified Chinese:Hán bình huyện;traditional Chinese:Hán bình huyện;pinyin:Hànpíng Xiàn).[4]Hanping County was subordinate to theFuling Commandery,whose capital was located in present-dayYushanin the nearbyPengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County,to the southeast of Fuling District.[4]
In 347 CE, under theEastern Jin,the area was again reorganized asFu Commandery(Chinese:Phù quận;pinyin:Fú Jùn), which was also known as Zhicheng Commandery (Chinese:Chỉ thành quận;pinyin:Zhǐchéng Jùn).[4]
The area'sadministrative divisionswere reorganized dramatically during theNorthern and Southern dynasties.[4]
TheSui dynastywould reorganize the area into threecounties:Fuling County(simplified Chinese:Phù lăng huyện;traditional Chinese:Phù lăng huyện;pinyin:Fúlíng Xiàn), which belonged to the Ba Commandery,Fengdu County(simplified Chinese:Phong đô huyện;traditional Chinese:Phong đô huyện;pinyin:Fēngdū Xiàn), which belonged to theBadong Commandery,andDianjiang County(simplified Chinese:Điếm giang huyện;traditional Chinese:Điếm giang huyện;pinyin:Diànjiāng Xiàn), which belonged to theDangqu Commandery.[4]
In 618 CE,[citation needed]during the Tang dynasty, the area was reorganized asFu Zhou,which governedWulong County,Fuling County, andLonghua County.[4]
Under theNorthern Song,Longhua County was changed toBinhua County.[4]During theSouthern Song,Fu Zhou was reestablished to govern the area, and administered Fuling County and Wulong County.[4]
Fu Zhou remained intact during theYuan dynastyand theMing dynasty,and governed Wulong County.[4]Fu Zhou would continue intact during theQing dynasty,but was not divided into counties.[4]During this time, Fu Zhou was under the jurisdiction ofChongqing Fu.[citation needed]
In 1913, shortly after the establishment of theRepublic of China,Fu Zhou was reorganized as Fuling County.[4]Fuling County initially fell under the jurisdiction ofChuandong Circuit,then directly under the jurisdiction ofSichuanin 1928[citation needed],and finally under the Eight Administrative Inspectorate of Sichuan.[4]
Following the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the area saw administrative reforms in early 1950.[4]Fuling County was reorganized asFuling Area,under the jurisdiction ofChuandong Area.[4]Fuling Area governed seven counties: Fuling,Nanchuan,Fengdu,Shizhu,Wulong,ChangshouandPengshui.[4]InSeptember[citation needed]1952,Youyang Areawas merged into Fuling Area, adding the counties ofDianjiang,Qianjiang,Youyang,andXiushan.[4]Changshou County was absorbed intoChongqing,which then had aprefecture-level statusinstead of its presentprovincial-level status,in 1958.[4]
Fuling Area was replaced byFuling Prefecturein 1968.[4]Fuling County became acounty-level cityin 1983.[4]The prefecture became aThree Gorgesprovincial planning region (Tam hiệp tỉnh trù bị khu vực) the following year.[citation needed]In 1988, Qianjiang, Youyang, Xiushan, Pengshui, and Shizhu counties were transferred to the jurisdiction of the newly-organizedQianjiang Prefecture.[4]Nanchuan County was re-designated as a county-level city in 1994.[4]On November 5, 1995, theState Councilpassed legislation to abolish the county-level city of Fuling and replace it with twodistricts:Zhicheng District (Chinese:Chỉ thành khu) and Lidu District (Chinese:Lý độ khu).[4]This change would come into effect in January 1996.[4]In March 1996, Fuling Prefecture was re-designated as aprefecture-level city,which governed Zhicheng District, Lidu District, Nanchuan City, Dianjiang County, Fengdu County and Wulong County.[4]
On September 15, 1996, legislature passed by the State Council placed the prefecture-level city of Fuling under the administration of Chongqing.[4]On March 14, 1997, theNational People's Congresschanged Chongqing to become adirect-administered municipality.[4]This was followed by legislation by the State Council on December 20, 1997 which abolished Fuling's prefecture-level status, revoking Zhicheng District and Lidu District, and placing Nanchuan City, Wulong County, Fengdu County, and Dianjiang County all under the direct jurisdiction of Chongqing.[4]The now-defunct Zhicheng District and Lidu District became contemporary Fuling District.
Geography
[edit]Fuling District is located on the southeastern edge of theSichuan Basin,betweenlatitude29°21' to 30°01' north, andlongitude106°56' to 107°43' east, covering an area of 2,941.46 square kilometres (1,135.70 sq mi).[2]The easternmost point is Baijibao (Chinese:Bạch kê bảo) in thetownofJiaoshi,the westernmost point is Dachayuan (Chinese:Đại trà viên) in the town ofZengfu,the southernmost point is Jinjiadian (Chinese:Kim gia điếm) in the town ofTongle,and the northernmost point is Hongqiangyuan (Chinese:Hồng tường viện).[2]Fuling District spans 74.5 kilometres (46.3 mi) from west to east, and 70.8 kilometres (44.0 mi) from north to south.[2]Fuling City is located at the confluence of theWu Riverand theYangtze,in the heart of theThree Gorges Reservoir Region.[2]
Located in the central part ofChongqing,Fuling District is bordered byFengdu Countyto the east,Wulong DistrictandNanchuan Districtto the south,Banan Districtto the west, andChangshou DistrictandDianjiang Countyto the north.[2]
Climate
[edit]Fuling District has amonsoon-influencedhumid subtropical climate(KöppenCwa), with four distinct seasons and ample rainfall: winters are short, mild, and comparatively dry, while summers are long, hot, and humid. Monthly daily average temperatures range from 7.5 °C (45.5 °F) in January to 28.4 °C (83.1 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 18.2 °C (64.8 °F). Thediurnal temperature variationis 6.6 °C (11.9 °F) and is especially small during winter. Around 87% of the annual precipitation falls from April to October.
| Climate data for Fuling District, elevation 373 m (1,224 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.9 (62.4) |
23.9 (75.0) |
32.5 (90.5) |
35.5 (95.9) |
37.9 (100.2) |
39.2 (102.6) |
40.5 (104.9) |
42.2 (108.0) |
41.8 (107.2) |
35.5 (95.9) |
28.9 (84.0) |
18.4 (65.1) |
42.2 (108.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.8 (49.6) |
12.8 (55.0) |
17.9 (64.2) |
23.2 (73.8) |
26.6 (79.9) |
29.3 (84.7) |
33.3 (91.9) |
33.6 (92.5) |
28.5 (83.3) |
21.9 (71.4) |
16.8 (62.2) |
10.9 (51.6) |
22.1 (71.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.5 (45.5) |
9.7 (49.5) |
13.8 (56.8) |
18.6 (65.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
24.9 (76.8) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.3 (82.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
18.6 (65.5) |
14.0 (57.2) |
8.9 (48.0) |
18.2 (64.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.9 (42.6) |
7.6 (45.7) |
11.0 (51.8) |
15.3 (59.5) |
18.7 (65.7) |
21.8 (71.2) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.4 (75.9) |
20.9 (69.6) |
16.5 (61.7) |
12.1 (53.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
15.5 (59.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −1.5 (29.3) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
1.3 (34.3) |
4.2 (39.6) |
11.5 (52.7) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.4 (66.9) |
18.7 (65.7) |
14.9 (58.8) |
7.4 (45.3) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 18.5 (0.73) |
21.2 (0.83) |
55.9 (2.20) |
106.8 (4.20) |
164.1 (6.46) |
171.3 (6.74) |
144.6 (5.69) |
122.3 (4.81) |
109.6 (4.31) |
104.4 (4.11) |
55.6 (2.19) |
23.5 (0.93) |
1,097.8 (43.2) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 9.2 | 8.5 | 11.9 | 14.7 | 16.6 | 15.3 | 11.9 | 11.5 | 11.9 | 16.5 | 11.4 | 10.4 | 149.8 |
| Average snowy days | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 83 | 79 | 76 | 77 | 79 | 81 | 74 | 72 | 78 | 85 | 85 | 86 | 80 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 19.9 | 37.6 | 76.9 | 107.5 | 112.2 | 109.4 | 189.6 | 194.6 | 121.4 | 62.3 | 45.7 | 18.6 | 1,095.7 |
| Percentpossible sunshine | 6 | 12 | 21 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 44 | 48 | 33 | 18 | 14 | 6 | 24 |
| Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[5][6] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[7] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[edit]| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 1,066,714 | — |
| 2020 | 1,115,016 | +4.5% |
Fuling District has a population of 1,115,016, according to the2020 Chinese Census.[3]This represents a 4.53% increase from the 1,066,714 recorded in the2010 Chinese Census.[3]
As of 2020, 71.85% of thedistrict'spopulation is urbanized, up from 55.80% in 2010.[3]
Age and household structure
[edit]14.93% of the district's population is 14 years old or younger, 63.91% is between 15 and 59 years old, and 21.16% is 60 years old or older.[3]18.02% of the district's population is 65 years or older.[3]Compared to 2010, the proportion of people age 14 or younger dropped 0.96%, the proportion of people age 15 to 59 fell 2.10%, and the proportion of people age 60 or older rose 3.06%.[3]The proportion of people age 65 or older rose 5.63% from 2010 to 2020.[3]The average household size in Fuling District totaled 2.44 people, a decrease from the 2.91 size recorded in 2010.[3]
Educational attainment
[edit]12.85% of the district's population had attained atertiary education,according to 2020 figures.[3]An additional 16.97% of the district's population had attained asecondary education,an additional 34.88% attained ajunior higheducation, an additional 28.44% attained aprimary education,and the remaining 6.86% of the population had noformal education.[3]People above the age of 14 in the district have attained an average of 9.68 years of formal education, an increase from the 8.73 years average recorded in 2010.[3]Fuling District had aliteracy rateof 98.57% as of 2020, an increase from 94.82% in 2010.[3]
Administrative divisions
[edit]Fuling District administers 11subdistricts,14 towns, and 2 townships.[8]Thesetownship-level divisionsin turn administer 719administrative villagesand 80residential communities.[citation needed]
| Name | Chinese(S)[8] | Hanyu Pinyin |
|---|---|---|
| Dunren Subdistrict | Đôn nhân nhai đạo | Dūnrén Jiēdào |
| Chongyi Subdistrict | Sùng nghĩa nhai đạo | Chóngyì Jiēdào |
| Lizhi Subdistrict | Lệ chi nhai đạo | Lìzhī Jiēdào |
| Jiangbei Subdistrict | Giang bắc nhai đạo | Jiāngběi Jiēdào |
| Jiangdong Subdistrict | Giang đông nhai đạo | Jiāngdōng Jiēdào |
| Lidu Subdistrict | Lý độ nhai đạo | Lǐdù Jiēdào |
| Longqiao Subdistrict | Long kiều nhai đạo | Lóngqiáo Jiēdào |
| Baitao Subdistrict | Bạch đào nhai đạo | Báitāo Jiēdào |
| Ma'an Subdistrict | Mã an nhai đạo | Mǎ'ān Jiēdào |
| Linshi Subdistrict | Lận thị nhai đạo | Lìnshì Jiēdào |
| Yihe Subdistrict | Nghĩa hòa nhai đạo | Yìhé Jiēdào |
| Nantuo | Nam đà trấn | Nántuó Zhèn |
| Qingyang | Thanh dương trấn | Qīngyáng Zhèn |
| Baisheng | Bách thắng trấn | Bǎishèng Zhèn |
| Zhenxi | Trân khê trấn | Zhēnxī Zhèn |
| Qingxi | Thanh khê trấn | Qīngxī Zhèn |
| Jiaoshi | Tiêu thạch trấn | Jiāoshí Zhèn |
| Mawu | Mã võ trấn | Mǎwǔ Zhèn |
| Longtan | Long đàm trấn | Lóngtán Zhèn |
| Xinmiao | Tân diệu trấn | Xīnmiào Zhèn |
| Shituo | Thạch đà trấn | Shítuó Zhèn |
| Tongle | Đồng nhạc trấn | Tónglè Zhèn |
| Dashun | Đại thuận trấn | Dàshùn Zhèn |
| Zengfu | Tăng phúc trấn | Zēngfú Zhèn |
| Luoyun | La vân trấn | Luōyún Zhèn |
| Damu Township | Đại mộc hương | Dàmù Xiāng |
| Wulingshan Township | Võ lăng sơn hương | Wǔlíngshān Xiāng |
2010 divisions
[edit]| Name | Chinese(S) | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010)[9] | Area (km2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dunren Subdistrict | Đôn nhân nhai đạo | Dūnrén Jiēdào | 105,296 | 3.8 |
| Chongyi Subdistrict | Sùng nghĩa nhai đạo | Chóngyì Jiēdào | 75,746 | 11.24 |
| Lizhi Subdistrict | Lệ chi nhai đạo | Lìzhī Jiēdào | 156,753 | 126 |
| Jiangbei Subdistrict | Giang bắc nhai đạo | Jiāngběi Jiēdào | 36,538 | 78.09 |
| Jiangdong Subdistrict | Giang đông nhai đạo | Jiāngdōng Jiēdào | 51,078 | 91.6 |
| Lidu Subdistrict | Lý độ nhai đạo | Lǐdù Jiēdào | 88,124 | 91.1 |
| Longqiao Subdistrict | Long kiều nhai đạo | Lóngqiáo Jiēdào | 34,541 | 63.2 |
| Baitao Subdistrict | Bạch đào nhai đạo | Báitāo Jiēdào | 46,160 | 121.5 |
| Nantuo | Nam đà trấn | Nántuó Zhèn | 26,447 | 67.14 |
| Qingyang | Thanh dương trấn | Qīngyáng Zhèn | 16,197 | 107.4 |
| Baisheng | Bách thắng trấn | Bǎishèng Zhèn | 41,114 | 114 |
| Zhenxi | Trân khê trấn | Zhēnxī Zhèn | 50,017 | 56.3 |
| Qingxi | Thanh khê trấn | Qīngxī Zhèn | 29,285 | 83.5 |
| Jiaoshi | Tiêu thạch trấn | Jiāoshí Zhèn | 23,454 | 78.2 |
| Mawu | Mã võ trấn | Mǎwǔ Zhèn | 32,360 | 55.5 |
| Longtan | Long đàm trấn | Lóngtán Zhèn | 36,511 | 80.6 |
| Linshitown | Lận thị trấn | Lìnshì Zhèn | 41,730 | 82.3 |
| Xinmiao | Tân diệu trấn | Xīnmiào Zhèn | 34,299 | 81.7 |
| Shituo | Thạch đà trấn | Shítuó Zhèn | 26,144 | 54 |
| Yihetown | Nghĩa hòa trấn | Yìhé Zhèn | 37,390 | 70.4 |
| Luoyun Township | La vân hương | Luōyún Xiāng | 14,940 | 56.5 |
| Damu Township | Đại mộc hương | Dàmù Xiāng | 3,200 | 96.3 |
| Wulingshan Township | Võ lăng sơn hương | Wǔlíngshān Xiāng | 6,360 | 103.3 |
| Dashun Township | Đại thuận hương | Dàshùn Xiāng | 18,844 | |
| Zengfu Township | Tăng phúc hương | Zēngfú Xiāng | 15,527 | 70.4 |
| Tongle Township | Đồng nhạc hương | Tónglè Xiāng | 18,659 | 65.73 |
Economy
[edit]Fuling District had a totalgross domestic product(GDP) of 140.274 billionrenminbi(RMB) as of 2021, an 8.7% increase from 2020.[10]
Thedistrict'sprimary sectoraccounted for 6.48% of total GDP in 2021, and grew at a rate of 6.4% from 2020; thesecondary sectoraccounted for 55.80% of GDP, and grew 6.7% from 2020; the tertiary sector accounted for 37.72% of GDP, and grew 12.0% from 2020.[10]
Transportation
[edit]Historically, Fuling was primarily served by Yangtze river boats, as the development of ground transportation was slow, due to the difficult terrain.
Railways arrived to the Fuling area only in the 21st century. First was theChongqing–Huaihua Railway,completed in 2005. Its Fuling Railway Station is located a few kilometers west of town (29°42′10″N107°19′45″E/ 29.70278°N 107.32917°E).
The high-speedChongqing−Lichuan Railway,opened on December 28, 2013, serves Fuling as well, with its Fuling North Railway Station. This railway crosses the Yangtze near the city over theHanjiatuo Bridge.The railway'sCaijiagou Bridge(Thái gia câu đặc đại kiều;29°46′17″N107°22′07″E/ 29.77139°N 107.36861°E), located in Fuling District, is said to be the world's tallest railway bridge, as measured by the height of the bridge's tallest pillar (139 m).[11]TheNanchuan–Fuling Railway,completed in 2012, forms part of Chongqing's outer railway ring.
As of 2015, Fuling had fiveYangtze River bridges.[citation needed]
Education
[edit]
 |
Yangtze Normal University(formerly Fuling Teachers College) is in Fuling. The university hosted Peace Corps volunteers from 1996 until 2020, when the last volunteers were evacuated from the Peace Corps China program in the wake of COVID-19.
Culture
[edit]
TheWhite Crane Ridge(Baiheliang), a rock outcrop on the Yangtze River, has been used as ahydrological stationrecording water levels since the Tang Dynasty. It includes many rock carvings. With the flooding of the Yangtze as part of the Three Gorges Dam project, theWhite Crane Ridge Underwater Museumwas opened in 2009 to protect the carvings and allow viewing by visitors under the new water level of the river.[12]
Cuisine
[edit]Fuling is well known for its Wu River brandzha caipickled mustard tuber. The Fuling Zhacai company is listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and in 2021 celebrated selling 15 billion packets.[13]
According toPeter Hessler,as of 1998, most residents of Fuling are genetically incapable of being alcoholics. When imbibing large amounts of alcohol many people became so sick and they could not drink heavily all the time. Therefore, according to Hessler, consumption of alcohol was not habitual but instead was a ritual, and therefore drinking patterns were "abusive with light consequences."[14]
See also
[edit]- River Town: Two Years on the Yangtze
- Fuling Catholic Church
- White Crane Ridge
- Baiheliang Underwater Museum
- 816 Nuclear Military Plant
Notes
[edit]- ^United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service.Daily Report: People's Republic of China, Issues 224–231.National Technical Information Service, 1990. p.31."Fuling is famous for its hot pickled mustard tubers and Comrade Qiao Shi showed a keen interest in the production and processing of these tubers. Early the next morning, he went to Fuling's Zhaxi Hot Pickled Mustard Tuber Factory by car.[...]"
- ^abcdefgTự nhiên hoàn cảnh[Natural environment].www.fl.gov.cn(in Chinese). Fuling District People's Government. 2022-01-20.Archivedfrom the original on 2022-05-14.Retrieved2022-05-14.
- ^abcdefghijklmHạt khu nhân khẩu[Jurisdiction population].www.fl.gov.cn(in Chinese). Fuling District People's Government. 2022-01-20.Archivedfrom the original on 2022-05-14.Retrieved2022-05-14.
- ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiKiến trí duyên cách[Organizational history].www.fl.gov.cn(in Chinese). Fuling District People's Government. 2022-01-20.Archivedfrom the original on 2022-05-14.Retrieved2022-05-14.
- ^Trung quốc khí tượng sổ cư võng – WeatherBk Data(in Simplified Chinese).China Meteorological Administration.Retrieved18 September2023.
- ^ Trung quốc khí tượng sổ cư võng(in Simplified Chinese).China Meteorological Administration.Retrieved18 September2023.
- ^Phù lăng - khí tượng sổ cư - trung quốc thiên khí võng(in Chinese). Weather China.Retrieved22 November2022.
- ^ab2021 niên thống kế dụng khu hoa đại mã ( phù lăng khu )[2021 Statistical Division Codes (Fuling District)] (in Chinese).National Bureau of Statistics of China.2021.Archivedfrom the original on 2022-05-14.Retrieved2022-05-14.
- ^Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China (2012).Trung quốc 2010 nhân khẩu phổ tra phân hương, trấn, nhai đạo tư liêu(1 ed.). Beijing:China Statistics Print.ISBN978-7-5037-6660-2.
- ^abTổng hợp kinh tế[Total economy].www.fl.gov.cn(in Chinese). Fuling District People's Government. 2022-01-20.Archivedfrom the original on 2022-05-14.Retrieved2022-05-14.
- ^Du lợi thiết lộ 139 mễ thế giới tối cao thành đô đáo thượng hải thời gian súc đoản.QQ.com(in Chinese (China)). 2012-08-26.
- ^Hessler, Peter(March 2013)."Fuling, China: Return to River Town".National Geographic.Archived fromthe originalon 6 June 2017.Retrieved24 September2014.
- ^"15 Billion Packets Sold Globally, China's Wujiang Now World Famous!".27 January 2021.
- ^Hessler,p. 80.
Bibliography
[edit]- Hessler, Peter.River Town: Two Years on the Yangtze(ebook edition).HarperCollins e-books.
External links
[edit]
- Official site(in Chinese)
| International | |
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| National | |
