Furazolidone
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| AHFS/Drugs.com | Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information |
| Routes of administration | Oral-Local |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.594 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C8H7N3O5 |
| Molar mass | 225.160g·mol−1 |
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Furazolidoneis anitrofuranantibacterialagent andmonoamine oxidase inhibitor(MAOI).[1]It is marketed byRoberts Laboratoriesunder the brand nameFuroxoneand byGlaxoSmithKlineasDependal-M.
Medical uses[edit]
Furazolidone has been used in human and veterinary medicine. It has a broad spectrum of activity, being active against:[citation needed]
Use in humans[edit]
In humans, it has been used to treatdiarrhoeaandenteritiscaused bybacterialorprotozoaninfections, including traveler's diarrhoea,cholera,andbacteremic salmonellosis.
From the early 1970s, it has been used in China to treatpeptic ulcers,where the mechanism is treatment of the causativeHelicobacter pyloriinfection.[2]In 2002, a journal article suggested its use in treatment ofH. pyloriinfections in children.[3]
Furazolidone has also been used forgiardiasis(due toGiardia lamblia), amoebiasis, and shigellosis, also though it is not a first-line treatment.[4]
Use in animals[edit]
As aveterinary medicine,furazolidone has been used with some success to treatsalmonidsforMyxobolus cerebralisinfections.[citation needed]
It has also been used inaquaculture.[5]
Since furazolidone is a nitrofuran antibiotic, its use in food animals is currently prohibited by the FDA under the Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act, 1994.[6]
Furazolidone is no longer available in the US.[citation needed]
Use in laboratory[edit]
It is used to differentiatemicrococciandstaphylococci.[citation needed]
Mechanism of action[edit]
It is believed to work bycrosslinking of DNA.[7]
Side effects[edit]
Though an effective antibiotic when all others fail, against extremely drug resistant infections, it has many side effects. includinginhibition of monoamine oxidase,[1]and as with othernitrofuransgenerally,minimum inhibitory concentrationsalso produce systemic toxicity, resulting in tremors, convulsions, peripheral neuritis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and depression ofspermatogenesis.Nitrofurans are recognized by FDA as mutagens/carcinogens, and can no longer be used as of 1991.[8]
See also[edit]
- Nitrofurazone
- Nitrofurantoin
- Norwich Pharmacal Co. & Others v Customs and Excise Commissioners
- Peptic ulcers and Helicobacter pylori
References[edit]
- ^abTimperio AM, Kuiper HA, Zolla L (February 2003). "Identification of a furazolidone metabolite responsible for the inhibition of amino oxidases".Xenobiotica; the Fate of Foreign Compounds in Biological Systems.33(2): 153–167.doi:10.1080/0049825021000038459.PMID12623758.S2CID35868007.
- ^Xiao SD (2002). "How we discovered in Cina in 1972 that antibiotics cure peptic ulcer.".Helicobacter Pioneers: Firsthand Accounts from the Scientists Who Discovered Helicobacters, 1893-1983.Wiley. pp. 99–104.ISBN978-0-86793-035-1.
- ^Machado RS, Silva MR, Viriato A (2008)."Furazolidone, tetracycline and omeprazole: a low-cost alternative for Helicobacter pylori eradication in children".Jornal de Pediatria.84(2): 160–165.doi:10.2223/JPED.1772.PMID18372934.
- ^Petri WA (February 2005). "Treatment of Giardiasis".Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology.8(1): 13–17.doi:10.1007/s11938-005-0047-3.PMID15625030.S2CID22893579.
- ^Meng J, Mangat SS, Grudzinski IP, Law FC (1998). "Evidence of 14C-furazolidone metabolite binding to the hepatic DNA of trout".Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions.14(4): 209–219.doi:10.1515/DMDI.1998.14.4.209.PMID10694929.S2CID20792443.
- ^Bagley C."Drugs Prohibited from Extralabel Use in Animals".Utah State University Extension.Archived fromthe originalon 16 April 2014.Retrieved14 April2014.
- ^"Furazolidone (DB00614)".DrugBank.Retrieved2008-12-19.
- ^"Declaring a Ban/Phase-Out of the Use of Nitrofurans in Food-Producing Animals".Department of Health, Department of Agriculture.Republic of the Philippines. 17 August 2000. Archived fromthe originalon September 24, 2007.