GAZ-13
| GAZ-13 Chaika | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | GAZ |
| Production | 1959–1981 (first prototype made in 1955 or 1956) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Full-sizeluxury car |
| Layout | FR layout |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 5.5LZMZ-13V8 |
| Transmission | 3-speed automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 3,250 mm (128.0 in) |
| Length | 5,600 mm (220.5 in) |
| Width | 2,000 mm (78.7 in) |
| Height | 1,580 mm (62.2 in) |
| Curb weight | 2,050–2,190 kg (4,519–4,828 lb) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | GAZ-12 ZIM |
| Successor | GAZ-14 |
TheGAZ-13 Chaika(Seagull)[1]is anautomobilemanufactured by the Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (GAZ,Gorky Automobile Plant) from 1959 to 1981 as a generation of itsChaikamarque. It is famously noted for its styling which resembled 1950sPackardautomobiles.[2][3][4]
History
[edit]The GAZ-13 Chaika debuted in 1958.[5]It was produced from 1959 to 1981, with 3,179 built in all.[6]The GAZ-13 was powered by a 195-hp SAE gross 5.5 LV8with a 4 barrel carburetor called the ZMZ-13 engine, and driven through a push-buttonautomatic transmissionof a similar design to theChryslerPowerFliteunit. The engine was a relatively modern and reliable design for its time, and a modified version of it with a reduced compression ratio and smaller 2 barrel carburetor would be used on theGAZ-53truck, alongside theBRDM-2military vehicle.[7][8]It was offered as asaloon(GAZ-13),limousine(GAZ-13A), and four-doorcabriolet(GAZ-13B) with anelectrohydraulictop.[9]The cabriolet was made in 1961 and 1962 for official parades.[10]
RAFin Riga produced the GAZ-13A Universal, anestate,in the 1960s in Riga; this was also built as the GAZ-13Sambulance,as well as ahearse.[11]Produced for a few years in the 1960s, it is the lowest-volume Chaika variant. Small numbers were also built forMosfilm.[12]As a limousine-class car, Chaikas were available only to the Soviet government, and could not be purchased by average citizens[citation needed].However, citizens were allowed to rent Chaikas for weddings. Chaikas were used by Soviet ambassadors andCommunist PartyFirst Secretariesin East Germany, North Korea, Bulgaria, Hungary, Mongolia, China, and Finland, among others;Jiang QingandFidel Castrowere given one each by General SecretaryNikita Khrushchev,who himself preferred the Chaika to his ZIL,[13]and kept one at his summerdacha.He also presented one limousine version each to both KingSisavang VatthanaofLaosand Prime Minister, PrinceNorodom SihanoukofCambodiaon their visits to the Soviet Union.[14]For their larger size and more powerful V8, Chaikas were also ordered in some quantity by theKGB.Top speed was 99 mph (159 km/h).[citation needed]
Most Chaikas were saloons. The GAZ-13B was built for only two years 1961 and 1962. The GAZ-13 was discontinued in 1981.[15]TheGAZ-14debuted in 1977,[16]and ran to the end of Chaika production in 1988.
Pyotr Masherov,First Secretary of theCommunist Party of Byelorussia,was killed in 1980 when the Chaika he was travelling in collided with aGAZ-53truck carrying potatoes.
| Engine | Power | Transmission | suspension |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8-cylinder | 220 hp SAE gross[17] | 3-speed | Front: independent with coil springs |
-
Front view -
Rear view. Notice the tailpipe integrated in the rear bumper as well as the late-1950s American-style tailfins. -
Sedan version -
Cabriolet -
GAZ logo -
GAZ-13 interior
References
[edit]- ^Автомобиль Чайка. Руководство по эксплуатации. Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod. 16. edition, Gorki 1975.
- ^"1959 GAZ M13 CHAIKA".Haynes Museum.Archived fromthe originalon 2021-12-06.Retrieved1 December2022.
It was very much inspired by the big American Packard of its day with its equally powerful V8 engine and automatic gearbox.
- ^"Soviet Cars Were Weird: GAZ Chaika 13".Retrieved1 December2022.
Many say the GAZ Chaika 13 was heavily inspired by the Packard Patrician in terms of design and similarities are obvious.
- ^"Cohort Classic: GAZ 13 Chaika – Imitation Is The Sincerest Form Of Flattery".Curbside Classic.Paul Niedermeyer. 19 June 2018.Retrieved1 December2022.
Its successor, the ZIL-111 drew its inspiration from the same 1955 Packard as does this Chaika, a "smaller" limo for the less well connected party bosses.
- ^Thompson, Andy.Cars of the Soviet Union(Haynes Publishing, Somerset, UK, 2008), p.69.
- ^Thompson, p.70.
- ^Двигатели V8 ЗМЗ конструкция, характеристики, история разработки
- ^"Советские V8. ГАЗовские ЗМЗ -13, -53, -14, -505, -500 серий".Drive2.Retrieved9 June2024.
- ^Thompson, p.70.
- ^Thompson, p.70.
- ^Thompson, p.70.
- ^Thompson, p.70.
- ^Thompson, p.70.
- ^"Red Aircraft, Troops Hit Laos".The Bryan Times.January 15, 1968.
- ^Thompson, p.70.
- ^Thompson, p.70.
- ^World Cars 1978.Herald Books. 1978.ISBN0-910714-10-X.