GGSE-1
| Names | Gravity Gradient Stabilization Experiment-1 |
|---|---|
| Mission type | Technology Gravity-gradient stabilization |
| Operator | U.S. Navy |
| COSPAR ID | 1964-001B |
| SATCATno. | 00728 |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Launch mass | 39 kg (86 lb) |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 11 January 1964, 20:07GMT |
| Rocket | Thor Augmented Delta-Agena D |
| Launch site | Vandenberg,Pad 75-3-5 |
| Contractor | Douglas Aircraft Company |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit[1] |
| Regime | Low Earth orbit |
| Perigee altitude | 902 km (560 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 924 km (574 mi) |
| Inclination | 69.90° |
| Period | 103.30 minutes |
Gravity Gradient Stabilization Experiment | |
TheGravity Gradient Stabilization Experiment (GGSE-1)was atechnologysatellite launched simultaneously with four other satellites (includingSOLRAD 7AandPOPPY 3) on 11 January 1964 by the U.S. military fromVandenberg Air Force Baseaboard aThor Augmented Delta-Agena Drocket. It demonstrated a new oscillation damping system intended for use inreconnaissance satellites.
Background[edit]
GGSE-1 was the first in a series of technology satellites that tested designs and deployment techniques later applied to theNaval Ocean Surveillance SystemNOSS/Whitecloud reconnaissance satellites.[2]
Spacecraft[edit]
GGSE-1 was an ovoid satellite based on a similar bus toSOLRAD 7A,with which it was launched into orbit. GGSE-1 was equipped with a passive oscillatory damping mechanism attached to the spacecraft via a 8.5 m (28 ft) rod of metal tape. The entire mechanism and rod together weighed less than 4.5 kg.
The damping mechanism, developed byGeneral Electric,comprised a metal sphere, 12.7 cm in diameter, containing another metal sphere with asiliconedamping fluid between. A small bar magnet attached to the inner sphere aligned that sphere with theEarth's magnetic field.As the satellite oscillated about its local vertical because of gravity gradient forces, the outer sphere of the damper rotated about the inner sphere, dissipating the oscillatory energy in the form of heat from the viscous drag of the fluid.
This system was more effective than the damping spring-and-weight system used on a previously launchedTransitsatellite in that it provided equal damping about all three axes of the satellite while the older damper provided no damping about the yaw axis and less damping of the roll axis than for pitch. The new damper also was effective immediately whereas the older technique required several weeks for the spring-mass to compress into operational position.[3]
Mission[edit]
Launched on 11 January 1964 at 20:07 GMT, along with four other spacecraft aboard aThor Augmented Delta-Agena D,[4](includingSOLRAD 7AandPOPPY 3)[5]GGSE-1 worked as hoped. Its stabilization system successfully oriented the satellite to a local vertical within 5° of accuracy and damped out oscillations within three days of orbit.[3]
Status[edit]
As of 3 February 2021, GGSE-1 is still in orbit and its position can be tracked.[6]
References[edit]
- ^"Trajectory: GGSE 1 1964-001B".NASA. 14 May 2020.Retrieved3 February2021.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
- ^"Display: GGSE 1 1964-001B".NASA. 14 May 2020.Retrieved3 February2021.This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
- ^ab"Gravity Gradient Device Orients Satellite".Aviation Week & Space Technology.McGraw Hill Publishing Company. 24 February 1964. p. 57.Retrieved3 February2021.
- ^"Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1964"(PDF).Chronology on Science, Technology, and Policy. NASA. 1965. SP-4005.Retrieved3 February2021.This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
- ^McDowell, Jonathan."Launch Log".Jonathon's Space Report.Retrieved3 February2021.
- ^"GGSE 1 (GGRS) - NORAD 728 - 3D Online Satellite Tracking".Retrieved3 February2021.