GPR50

GPR50
Identifiers
Aliases	GPR50,H9, Mel1c, G protein-coupled receptor 50
External IDs	OMIM:300207;MGI:1333877;HomoloGene:3113;GeneCards:GPR50;OMA:GPR50 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	X chromosome (human)
End	151,181,465bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	X chromosome (mouse)
End	70,712,863bp
RNA expressionpattern
	Top expressed in
	anterior pituitary; ; smooth muscle tissue; ; placenta; ; hypothalamus; ; ganglionic eminence; ; lymph node; ; islet of Langerhans; ; mucosa of esophagus; ; right adrenal cortex; ; uterus;
	Top expressed in
	median eminence; ; arcuate nucleus; ; gastrula; ; intestinal villus; ; Ileal epithelium; ; perirhinal cortex; ; entorhinal cortex; ; choroid plexus of fourth ventricle; ; tracheobronchial tree; ; CA3 field;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	melatonin receptor activity; G protein-coupled receptor activity; protein binding; signal transducer activity; identical protein binding;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; membrane; nucleoplasm; plasma membrane;
Biological process	cell-cell signaling; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; signal transduction;
	Sources:Amigo/QuickGO
Orthologs
	9248
	14765
	ENSG00000102195
	ENSMUSG00000056380
	Q13585
	O88495
	NM_004224
	NM_010340; NM_001308501
	NP_004215
	NP_001295430; NP_034470
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

G protein-coupled receptor 50is aproteinwhich in humans is encoded by theGPR50gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Function

GPR50 is a member of theG protein-coupled receptorfamily ofintegral membrane proteinsand is most closely related to themelatonin receptor.^[6]GPR50 is able to heterodimerize with both theMT₁andMT₂melatonin receptor subtypes. While GPR50 has no effect on MT₂function, GPR50 prevented MT₁from both binding melatoninand coupling toG proteins.^[8]GPR50 is the mammalian ortholog of melatonin receptor Mel1c described in non-mammalian vertebrates. ^[9]

Clinical significance

Certainpolymorphismsof theGPR50gene in females are associated with increased risk of developingbipolar affective disorder,major depressive disorder,andschizophrenia.^[10]OtherGPR50gene polymorphism are associated with higher fasting circulatingtriglyceridelevels and lower circulatingHigh-density lipoproteinlevels.^[11]

References

^^a ^b ^cGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000102195–Ensembl,May 2017
^^a ^b ^cGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000056380–Ensembl,May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Entrez Gene: GPR50 G protein-coupled receptor 50".
^^a ^bReppert SM, Weaver DR, Ebisawa T, Mahle CD, Kolakowski LF (May 1996)."Cloning of a melatonin-related receptor from human pituitary".FEBS Letters.386(2–3): 219–24.doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00437-1.PMID 8647286.
^Gubitz AK, Reppert SM (January 1999). "Assignment of the melatonin-related receptor to human chromosome X (GPR50) and mouse chromosome X (Gpr50)".Genomics.55(2): 248–51.doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5661.PMID 9933574.
^Levoye A, Dam J, Ayoub MA, Guillaume JL, Couturier C, Delagrange P, Jockers R (July 2006)."The orphan GPR50 receptor specifically inhibits MT1 melatonin receptor function through heterodimerization".The EMBO Journal.25(13): 3012–23.doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601193.PMC1500982.PMID 16778767.
^Dufourny L, Levasseur A, Migaud M, Callebaut I, Pontarotti P, Malpaux B, Monget P (2008)."GPR50 is the mammalian ortholog of Mel1c: Evidence of rapid evolution in mammals".BMC Evolutionary Biology.8(1): 105.Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..105D.doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-105.PMC2323367.PMID 18400093.
^Thomson PA, Wray NR, Thomson AM, Dunbar DR, Grassie MA, Condie A, Walker MT, Smith DJ, Pulford DJ, Muir W, Blackwood DH, Porteous DJ (May 2005)."Sex-specific association between bipolar affective disorder in women and GPR50, an X-linked orphan G protein-coupled receptor".Molecular Psychiatry.10(5): 470–8.doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001593.PMID 15452587.
^Bhattacharyya S, Luan J, Challis B, Keogh J, Montague C, Brennand J, Morten J, Lowenbeim S, Jenkins S, Farooqi IS, Wareham NJ, O'Rahilly S (April 2006)."Sequence variants in the melatonin-related receptor gene (GPR50) associate with circulating triglyceride and HDL levels".Journal of Lipid Research.47(4): 761–6.doi:10.1194/jlr.M500338-JLR200.PMID 16436372.

Reppert SM, Weaver DR, Ebisawa T, et al. (1996)."Cloning of a melatonin-related receptor from human pituitary".FEBS Lett.386(2–3): 219–24.doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00437-1.PMID 8647286.
Gubitz AK, Reppert SM (1999). "Assignment of the melatonin-related receptor to human chromosome X (GPR50) and mouse chromosome X (Gpr50)".Genomics.55(2): 248–51.doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5661.PMID 9933574.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003)."Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences".Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.99(26): 16899–903.Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M.doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899.PMC139241.PMID 12477932.
Slominski A, Pisarchik A, Zbytek B, et al. (2003)."Functional activity of serotoninergic and melatoninergic systems expressed in the skin".J. Cell. Physiol.196(1): 144–53.doi:10.1002/jcp.10287.PMID 12767050.S2CID 24534729.
Suzuki Y, Yamashita R, Shirota M, et al. (2004)."Sequence Comparison of Human and Mouse Genes Reveals a Homologous Block Structure in the Promoter Regions".Genome Res.14(9): 1711–8.doi:10.1101/gr.2435604.PMC515316.PMID 15342556.
Thomson PA, Wray NR, Thomson AM, et al. (2005)."Sex-specific association between bipolar affective disorder in women and GPR50, an X-linked orphan G protein-coupled receptor".Mol. Psychiatry.10(5): 470–8.doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001593.PMID 15452587.
Bhattacharyya S, Luan J, Challis B, et al. (2006)."Sequence variants in the melatonin-related receptor gene (GPR50) associate with circulating triglyceride and HDL levels".J. Lipid Res.47(4): 761–6.doi:10.1194/jlr.M500338-JLR200.PMID 16436372.
Levoye A, Dam J, Ayoub MA, et al. (2006)."The orphan GPR50 receptor specifically inhibits MT1 melatonin receptor function through heterodimerization".EMBO J.25(13): 3012–23.doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601193.PMC1500982.PMID 16778767.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000102195–Ensembl,May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000056380–Ensembl,May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: GPR50 G protein-coupled receptor 50".

[pmid8647286-6] Reppert SM, Weaver DR, Ebisawa T, Mahle CD, Kolakowski LF (May 1996)."Cloning of a melatonin-related receptor from human pituitary".FEBS Letters.386(2–3): 219–24.doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00437-1.PMID 8647286.

[pmid9933574-7] Gubitz AK, Reppert SM (January 1999). "Assignment of the melatonin-related receptor to human chromosome X (GPR50) and mouse chromosome X (Gpr50)".Genomics.55(2): 248–51.doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5661.PMID 9933574.

[pmid16778767-8] Levoye A, Dam J, Ayoub MA, Guillaume JL, Couturier C, Delagrange P, Jockers R (July 2006)."The orphan GPR50 receptor specifically inhibits MT1 melatonin receptor function through heterodimerization".The EMBO Journal.25(13): 3012–23.doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601193.PMC1500982.PMID 16778767.

[9] Dufourny L, Levasseur A, Migaud M, Callebaut I, Pontarotti P, Malpaux B, Monget P (2008)."GPR50 is the mammalian ortholog of Mel1c: Evidence of rapid evolution in mammals".BMC Evolutionary Biology.8(1): 105.Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..105D.doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-105.PMC2323367.PMID 18400093.

[pmid15452587-10] Thomson PA, Wray NR, Thomson AM, Dunbar DR, Grassie MA, Condie A, Walker MT, Smith DJ, Pulford DJ, Muir W, Blackwood DH, Porteous DJ (May 2005)."Sex-specific association between bipolar affective disorder in women and GPR50, an X-linked orphan G protein-coupled receptor".Molecular Psychiatry.10(5): 470–8.doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001593.PMID 15452587.

[pmid16436372-11] Bhattacharyya S, Luan J, Challis B, Keogh J, Montague C, Brennand J, Morten J, Lowenbeim S, Jenkins S, Farooqi IS, Wareham NJ, O'Rahilly S (April 2006)."Sequence variants in the melatonin-related receptor gene (GPR50) associate with circulating triglyceride and HDL levels".Journal of Lipid Research.47(4): 761–6.doi:10.1194/jlr.M500338-JLR200.PMID 16436372.

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Function

Clinical significance

References

Further reading