Gallup, New Mexico
Gallup | |
---|---|
![]() Motels and businesses in Gallup | |
Nickname: "Indian Capital of the World" | |
![]() Location of Gallup inNew Mexico | |
Coordinates:35°30′50″N108°44′35″W/ 35.51389°N 108.74306°W | |
Country | United States |
State | New Mexico |
County | McKinley |
Founded | 1881 |
Government | |
•Mayor | Louis Bonaguidi[citation needed] |
Area | |
•City | 20.19 sq mi (52.30 km2) |
• Land | 20.19 sq mi (52.29 km2) |
• Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.01 km2) |
Elevation | 6,647 ft (2,026 m) |
Population | |
•City | 21,899 |
• Density | 1,084.65/sq mi (418.78/km2) |
•Metro | 71,492 |
Time zone | UTC−7(MST) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−6(MDT) |
ZIP codes | 87301-87305 |
Area code | 505 |
FIPS code | 35-28460 |
GNISfeature ID | 2410562[2] |
Website | www.gallupnm.gov |
Gallupis a city inMcKinley County, New Mexico,United States, with a population of 21,899 as of the2020 census.[4]A substantial percentage of its population isNative American,with residents from theNavajo,Hopi,andZunitribes. Gallup is thecounty seatof McKinley County[5]and the most populous city betweenFlagstaffandAlbuquerque,along historicU.S. Route 66.
Gallup is known as the "Heart of Indian Country" because it is on the edge of the Navajo reservation and is home to members of many other tribes, as well.[6]
The city is on theTrails of the Ancients Byway,one of the designatedNew Mexico Scenic Byways.[7]
Because of the nearby rugged terrain, it was a popular location in the 1940s and 1950s for HollywoodWesterns.[8]
History
[edit]Gallup was founded in 1881 as a railhead for theAtlantic and Pacific Railroad.The city was named after David Gallup, a paymaster for the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad.[9]
There is widespread belief that duringWorld War II,the city fought successfully to prevent 800Japanese Americanresidents from being placed in wartime internment, the only New Mexico city to do so.[10][11]But this is not true.Executive Order 9066was never used to intern people living in Gallup, and the city complied with all federal orders and policies during the war.[12]
On August 4, 2022, an SUV, driven by an intoxicated individual, drove through a parade crowd during the city's 100th annual Intertribal Celebration, leaving 15 injured, including two police officers and several children.[13][14]
Geography
[edit]According to theUnited States Census Bureau,the city has a total area of 13.4 square miles (35 km2), all land.
Climate
[edit]Gallup, like most of the interior Mountain West, has a coolsemiarid climate(KöppenBSk). The summers are hot during the day, but the high altitude and low humidity mean that nights remain distinctly cool; as late as July 2, 1997, the temperature fell to 31 °F (−1 °C). Despite the largediurnal temperature range,most rain falls in the summer from afternoon thunderstorms. Snow is common and sometimes heavy; the maximum in a month is 29.1 inches (73.91 cm) in December 1992 and the most in a year 65.1 inches (165.35 cm) between July 1990 and June 1991. Actual snowcover,with the hot sun at Gallup's altitude, however, has never exceeded 13.1 inches (33 cm), and for no day averages over 3.5 inches (8.9 cm).
Climate data forGallup Municipal Airport,New Mexico, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1973–present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 68 (20) |
73 (23) |
80 (27) |
86 (30) |
95 (35) |
101 (38) |
101 (38) |
98 (37) |
96 (36) |
87 (31) |
78 (26) |
66 (19) |
101 (38) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 57.5 (14.2) |
63.5 (17.5) |
71.8 (22.1) |
78.8 (26.0) |
87.1 (30.6) |
94.9 (34.9) |
96.2 (35.7) |
93.1 (33.9) |
88.8 (31.6) |
80.7 (27.1) |
69.7 (20.9) |
59.5 (15.3) |
97.1 (36.2) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 45.4 (7.4) |
49.9 (9.9) |
58.5 (14.7) |
65.7 (18.7) |
75.0 (23.9) |
86.2 (30.1) |
88.8 (31.6) |
86.1 (30.1) |
79.9 (26.6) |
68.5 (20.3) |
55.8 (13.2) |
45.2 (7.3) |
67.1 (19.5) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 29.8 (−1.2) |
34.4 (1.3) |
40.6 (4.8) |
47.0 (8.3) |
55.6 (13.1) |
65.7 (18.7) |
71.7 (22.1) |
69.7 (20.9) |
62.2 (16.8) |
49.7 (9.8) |
38.0 (3.3) |
29.5 (−1.4) |
49.5 (9.7) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 14.2 (−9.9) |
18.9 (−7.3) |
22.7 (−5.2) |
28.3 (−2.1) |
36.3 (2.4) |
45.1 (7.3) |
54.5 (12.5) |
53.3 (11.8) |
44.4 (6.9) |
31.0 (−0.6) |
20.2 (−6.6) |
13.9 (−10.1) |
31.9 (−0.1) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | −3.7 (−19.8) |
1.6 (−16.9) |
7.6 (−13.6) |
13.7 (−10.2) |
23.0 (−5.0) |
32.3 (0.2) |
43.3 (6.3) |
42.9 (6.1) |
28.9 (−1.7) |
15.5 (−9.2) |
4.1 (−15.5) |
−4.9 (−20.5) |
−8.4 (−22.4) |
Record low °F (°C) | −20 (−29) |
−25 (−32) |
−10 (−23) |
6 (−14) |
12 (−11) |
23 (−5) |
31 (−1) |
35 (2) |
20 (−7) |
1 (−17) |
−26 (−32) |
−34 (−37) |
−34 (−37) |
Averageprecipitationinches (mm) | 0.81 (21) |
0.71 (18) |
0.62 (16) |
0.46 (12) |
0.57 (14) |
0.36 (9.1) |
1.63 (41) |
1.92 (49) |
1.27 (32) |
0.92 (23) |
0.70 (18) |
0.73 (19) |
10.70 (272) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 6.3 (16) |
5.9 (15) |
4.4 (11) |
2.3 (5.8) |
1.1 (2.8) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.5 (3.8) |
4.5 (11) |
7.8 (20) |
33.8 (86) |
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 inch) | 6.1 | 6.0 | 5.4 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 2.8 | 10.2 | 10.7 | 7.0 | 5.5 | 4.6 | 5.8 | 72.5 |
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 inch) | 4.3 | 4.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 2.5 | 4.5 | 22.5 |
Source: NOAA[15][16] |
Demographics
[edit]Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1900 | 2,948 | — | |
1910 | 2,264 | −23.2% | |
1920 | 3,920 | 73.1% | |
1930 | 5,992 | 52.9% | |
1940 | 7,041 | 17.5% | |
1950 | 9,133 | 29.7% | |
1960 | 14,089 | 54.3% | |
1970 | 14,596 | 3.6% | |
1980 | 18,167 | 24.5% | |
1990 | 19,154 | 5.4% | |
2000 | 20,209 | 5.5% | |
2010 | 21,678 | 7.3% | |
2020 | 21,605 | −0.3% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[17][3] |
As of the2000 census,20,209 people, 6,810 households, and 4,869 families were residing in the city. The population density was 1,513.7 inhabitants per square mile (584.4/km2). There were 7,349 housing units at an average density of 550.5 per square mile (212.5/km2). Theracial makeupof the city was 43.8% Native American, 35.2% White, 2.0% Asian, 1.2%African American,12.1% from other races, and 5.8% from two or more races. About 31.7% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.[18]
Of the 6,810 households, 41.1% had children under 18 living with them, 45.3% were married couples living together, 19.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.5% were not families. About 23.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.85, and the average family size was 3.39.
In the city, the age distribution was 32.7% under 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 8.9% who were 65 or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 86.2 males.
It has close proximity to Native American reservations, and historic lack of economic development in addition to manymine closuresin the last century. As a result of these closures, a large proportion of Gallup's households is low-income. The median income for a household in the city was $34,868, and the median income for a family was $39,197. Males had a median income of $33,380 versus $24,441 for females. Theper capita incomefor the city was $15,789. About 16.6% of families and 20.8% of the population were below thepoverty line,including 26.8% of those under age 18 and 16.8% of those age 65 or over.
Gallup has a significantPalestinian-Americanpopulation,[19]unusual for a city its size.
Crime
[edit]Crime is a serious problem in Gallup. In 2012, violent crime was nearly five times the national average.[20]As a result, the city has the highest violent crime rate in New Mexico. According to an article published in November 2014, "Gallup saw 463 violent crimes last year including murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. That’s an 11% increase from the year before and two times the rate ofAlbuquerque,the state’s largest city. "[21]
Arts and culture
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coal_mine%2C_Gallup_1920.jpg/220px-Coal_mine%2C_Gallup_1920.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Gallup_NM_south_3rd_street.jpg/220px-Gallup_NM_south_3rd_street.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Solar_farm_in_Gallup_NM.jpg/220px-Solar_farm_in_Gallup_NM.jpg)
U.S. Route 66passed through Gallup, and the town's name is mentioned in the lyrics of the song "(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66"(" You'll seeAmarilloand Gallup, New Mexico "). In 2003, the U.S. and New Mexico Departments of Transportation renumbered US Highway 666, the city's other major highway, asRoute 491.Former Governor Bill Richardson pushed for (and got) the number changedbecause "666" is associated withSatanand Devil worship, thus it was considered "cursed" or a "Beast" to some locals. The situation was exacerbated by the high death toll on the highway, which was largely a result of high rates of drivers under the influence of alcohol or drugs, and budget shortfalls among both theNew Mexico Department of Transportationand state and local law-enforcement agencies.[22]
Gallup has a modestly lively night time culture downtown, Indian dances during summertime nights, art crawls, and small museums, including a Navajo code talk museum.[23] Gallup commissioned a number of murals highlighting local culture, and contributions dot downtown.[24][25]
Being the largest city between Flagstaff and Albuquerque, Gallup claims many notable buildings, places, events, and people.[26] The historicEl Rancho Hotel & Motelhas hosted a numerous array of movie stars, includingJohn Wayne,Ronald Reagan,Humphrey Bogart,Spencer Tracy,Katharine Hepburn,Joan Crawford,Kirk Douglas,Doris Day,Gregory Peck,andBurt Lancaster.The rugged terrain surrounding Gallup was popular with Hollywood filmmakers during the 1940s and '50s for the on-location shooting ofWesterns.Actors and film crews would stay at that hotel during filming. Films made in Gallup includeBilly the Kid(1930),Pursued(1947),The Sea of Grass(1947),Four Faces West(1948),Only the Valiant(1951),Ace in the Hole(1951),Escape from Fort Bravo(1953),A Distant Trumpet(1964), andThe Hallelujah Trail(1965). Other movies shot here areRedskin(1928), andSuperman(1978).[27]
Gallup is sometimes called the "Indian Capital of the World", for its location in the heart ofNative Americanlands, and the presence ofNavajo,Zuni,Hopi,and other tribes. Well over a third of the city's population has Native American roots. Gallup's nickname references the huge impact of the Native American cultures found in and around the city.
Education
[edit]Gallup-McKinley County Public Schoolsis the local school district.
Previously, theBureau of Indian Affairs(BIA) operated Manuelito Hall in Gallup, adormitorythat housed Native American students attending Gallup-McKinley schools. In 1973, it had about 300 students. That year, the BIA closed Manuelito Hall, planning to move students to various boarding schools.[28]
Infrastructure
[edit]Transportation
[edit]- Gallup Municipal Airportis a public airport with primarily private and charter flights. The Aviation Identifier for the airport is GUP.
Major highways:
Railroad:
- Rail freight service passes through Gallup on theSouthern Transconof theBNSF Railroad.
- Amtrak'sSouthwest Chiefprovides passenger service at theGallup train station.
Bus:
- TheNavajo Transit Systemprovides regional bus services throughout the Navajo Nation. Gallup is served by Route 05 toFort Defiance, Arizona,and Route 06 toCrystal, New Mexico.[29]
- The Gallup Express provides local service to Gallup and connection toZuni.
- A:shiwi Transit connects Zuni Pueblo andBlack Rockwith Gallup.
- Greyhoundhas a local stop on West Highway 66.
Notable people
[edit]- Anthonette Cayedito,kidnap victim, missing child
- Glenn L. Emmons,former Gallup banker (1929) and the commissioner of the BIA (1953–1961)[30]
- Mike Everitt,formerMajor League Baseballumpire
- Sydney Freeland,filmmaker
- Chon Gallegos,former NFL quarterback for theOakland Raiders
- Tony Genaro,late actor
- Carl Nelson Gorman(Kin-Ya-Onny-Beyeh),Navajocode talkerduring World War II, visual artist and professor.[31]
- Arthur T. Hannett,mayor of Gallup, andseventh governor of New Mexico
- Vernon Kerr,scientist and member of theNew Mexico House of Representatives
- Lealand McSpadden,racing driver
- Hiroshi H. Miyamura,Medal of Honorrecipient in theU.S. Army,awarded for his actions during theKorean War
- Eric-Paul Riege,Contemporary artist
- Carolyn S. Shoemaker,astronomerand co-discoverer ofComet Shoemaker-Levy 9
- Sunshine Sykes,lawyer and jurist
See also
[edit]- Roman Catholic Diocese of Gallup
- USSGallup,name of three ships in theUnited States Navy,the later two named for the city of Gallup
References
[edit]- ^"ArcGIS REST Services Directory".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedOctober 12,2022.
- ^abU.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Gallup, New Mexico
- ^ab"Census Population API".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedOctober 12,2022.
- ^"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Gallup city, New Mexico".www.census.gov.RetrievedJune 15,2022.
- ^"Find a County".National Association of Counties. Archived fromthe originalon May 31, 2011.RetrievedJune 7,2011.
- ^"Plaques to be guide to city's past".Gallup Independent. Archived fromthe originalon May 7, 2006.RetrievedJuly 24,2008.
- ^Trail of the Ancients.ArchivedAugust 21, 2014, at theWayback MachineNew Mexico Tourism Department. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
- ^Evans, Andrew (May 9, 2014)."Route 66: Gallup".National Geographic.Archived fromthe originalon July 18, 2020.
The El Rancho Hotel and Motel was a popular place for Hollywood stars to stay while filming Western movies near Gallup, New Mexico.
- ^"History of Greater Gallup New Mexico".Greater Gallup Economic Development Corporation.RetrievedNovember 15,2020.
- ^"curriculum," Enduring Communities, "page 60, day 9," the Gallup Experience ""(PDF).Japanese American National Museum, 369 East First Street, Los Angeles, CA 90012.RetrievedSeptember 25,2016.
- ^"Gallup bucked the system".Route 66 News. May 9, 2014. Archived fromthe originalon May 12, 2014.RetrievedSeptember 25,2016.
- ^Mingus, Matthew D. (2021)."The Myth of Resistance: Gallup, New Mexico, and Japanese American Internment".New Mexico Historical Review.96(4): 405–419.
- ^Denetclaw, Paulie (August 5, 2022)."Update: SUV drives into Gallup Intertribal Ceremonial parade, causing injuries".Navajo-Hopi Observer.RetrievedJanuary 25,2024.
- ^"SUV plows through parade route in New Mexico injuring 15 people including two police officers".USA Today.RetrievedAugust 6,2022.
- ^"NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedSeptember 8,2022.
- ^"Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedSeptember 8,2022.
- ^"Census of Population and Housing".Census.gov.RetrievedJune 4,2015.
- ^"U.S. Census website".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJanuary 31,2008.
- ^"Palestinians, Israelis occupy Navajo consciousness".
- ^"Crime in Gallup, New Mexico (NM): murders, rapes, robberies, assaults, burglaries, thefts, auto thefts, arson, law enforcement employees, police officers, crime map".City-data.com.RetrievedOctober 14,2017.
- ^"Report: Gallup has highest violent crime rate in NM".Krqe.com.November 11, 2014. Archived fromthe originalon December 7, 2014.RetrievedOctober 14,2017.
- ^"U.S. 666:" Beast of a Highway "?".Highway History.United States Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration.RetrievedSeptember 12,2013.
- ^"Downtown Gallup".Gallup Chamber of Commerce.Gallup Chamber of Commerce, Gallup NM.RetrievedSeptember 25,2016.
- ^"Downtown Gallup".Gallup Chamber of Commerce.Gallup Chamber of Commerce, Gallup NM. December 24, 2014. Archived fromthe originalon September 26, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 25,2016.
- ^"Navajo Code Talkers Mural".Be Sargent.Be Sargent, artist.RetrievedSeptember 25,2016.
- ^"Photos Cities Gallup".gallup.ipub.us.ipub.us, Actual news in your location.RetrievedSeptember 25,2016.
- ^Barth, Jack (1991).Roadside Hollywood: The Movie Lover's State-By-State Guide to Film Locations, Celebrity Hangouts, Celluloid Tourist Attractions, and More.Contemporary Books. Page 55.ISBN9780809243266.
- ^"BIA Closes Manuelito Hall". Gallup, New Mexico:The Gallup Independent.April 14, 1973. pp. 1, 6.-Clipping of firstandof second pageatNewspapers.com.
- ^"Transportation | Gallup, NM - Official Website".www.gallupnm.gov.RetrievedNovember 8,2020.
- ^New York Times."Indian Director Sworn In: Glenn L. Emmons Takes Office Succeeding Dillon S. Myer." August 11, 1953.
- ^Thomas, Robert Jr. (February 1, 1998)."Carl Gorman, Code Talker In World War II, Dies at 90".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedSeptember 15,2021.
External links
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Official city website
Galluptravel guide from Wikivoyage