Gan Ji
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Yu Ji Vu cát | |
|---|---|
 AQing dynastyillustration of Gan Ji | |
| Born | Unknown |
| Died | 200 |
| Occupation | Taoist priest |
| Part ofa serieson |
| Taoism |
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Gan Ji(died 200), rendered also asYu Ji,was aTaoist priestwho lived during the lateEastern Han dynastyof China. As a Taoist clergy, Gan Ji helped to cure the diseases of many people and saving lives. He was widely respected inWu CountyandKuaiji,this causedSun Ceto be jealous of his fame and reputation among the people. He was eventually executed by Sun Ce under the pretext of confusing the people's heart.
Life[edit]
Gan Ji was fromLangya Commandery( lang gia quận, present-day southeasternShandong). He first lived in the East before travelling toWu CountyandKuaiji.When he lived there, he helped with the harvest, burned incense, read Taoist books and madetalismansto treat diseases of the common people. Among the populace of Wu and Kuaiji, many were his disciples. Once,Sun Cegathered his officers and officials at the top of the prefecture's tower while Gan Ji walked below the tower in a splendid attire and carrying a small case in his hand. Around two-thirds of Sun Ce's retainers left the meeting to pay their respect to Gan Ji; those in charge of the meeting couldn't stop them. Because of this incident, Sun Ce was furious and arrested Gan Ji.[1]
Those that served under Gan Ji sent their wives to plead with Sun Ce's mother to have him saved.Lady Wu (wife of Sun Jian)told Sun Ce "Master Yu assists the army and provide good fortune, heal and save the officers and soldiers; do not kill him." However Sun Ce answered "This man is a sorcerer who can deceive and confuse the many, because of him the officers stopped caring for the rules between a sovereign and his ministers. Going as far as to ignore me to pay their respect to him. He must be killed."[2]
When Sun Ce's officers heard of this, they sent letters to explain the situation and pleaded to save his life. Sun Ce told them "During ancient times, Zhang Jin was the governor of Jiao's Province yet he abandoned the common teaching, abolished the ancestral customs and laws so he could promote the Dao's evil precepts proclaiming it was to help others yet in the end he was killed by the southerners. This is the just result of his actions, all of you do not understand this. Now Yu Ji is already a dead man, don't waste paper and brush for this."[3]
Finally, Sun Ce beheaded Gan Ji and had his head hung in the market. However, those who served under Gan Ji wouldn't believe that he was dead, only that his soul left his body and would continue to offer sacrifices and promote fortune.[4][5]
According to theBook of Later Han,during the reign ofEmperor Shun of Han(r. 125–144), Gong Chong ( cung sùng ), one of Gan Ji's disciples, submitted theTaiping Qingling Shu( thái bình thanh lĩnh thư ) to the emperor; although there is no certitude that this is the same Gan Ji.
In Romance of the Three Kingdoms[edit]
Some believe that the characterYu Ji( vu cát ) in the 14th-century historical novelRomance of the Three Kingdomsis a misspelling of Gan Ji.[6]In the novel, Yu Ji wandered around theJiangdongregion, chatting with soldiers and civilians, making everyone believe that he was a magician and healer. The warlord of Jiangdong,Sun Ce,heard of Yu Ji's magic and grew suspicious of him, thinking that he was casting spells on people. Sun Ce accused Yu Ji of sorcery and had him executed after Yu Ji stated that he cured people of diseases for free. However, Yu Ji's spirit returned to haunt Sun Ce and eventually caused him to die from shock.
In popular culture[edit]
In the video gamesDynasty Warriors 5and7,there is a stage based on Sun Ce's confrontation with Yu Ji, a fictional event. In the stage Sun Ce has to fight Yu Ji clones, as well as aDa QiaoandSun Jianclone.
The 1983 Hong Kong filmThe Weird Manby theShaw Brothers Studiois loosely based on the story of Yu Ji and Sun Ce. Yu Ji was put to death by Sun Ce and he later comes back as a ghost and wreaks havoc on Sun Ce for revenge by possessing his army and his wife. He also helped Sun Ce killXu Gongwhile killing Sun Ce in the process. In this film, he is seen as the hero while Sun Ce is portrayed as the anti-hero.The Weird Manwas remade in 1993 asNinja in Ancient Chinawhich also combined some concepts from another Shaw Brothers movie theFive Elements Ninjas.
A fictionalized version of Yu Ji appears as the central antagonist in the 2023 video gameWo Long: Fallen Dynasty.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^(《 tam quốc chí tôn sách truyện 》 dẫn 《 giang biểu truyện 》 viết: Thời hữu đạo sĩ lang tà vu cát, tiên ngụ cư đông phương, vãng lai ngô hội, lập tinh xá, thiêu hương độc đạo thư, chế tác phù thủy dĩ trị bệnh, ngô hội nhân đa sự chi. Sách thường ô quận thành môn lâu thượng tập hội chư tương tân khách, cát nãi thịnh phục trượng tiểu hàm, tất họa chi, danh vi tiên nhân 鏵, xu độ môn hạ. Chư tương tân khách tam phân chi nhị hạ lâu nghênh bái chi, chưởng tân giả cấm a bất năng chỉ. Sách tức lệnh thu chi. )Jiang Biao Zhuanannotation inSanguozhivol. 46.
- ^( chư sự chi giả, tất sử phụ nữ nhập kiến sách mẫu, thỉnh cứu chi. Mẫu vị sách viết: “Vu tiên sinh diệc trợ quân tác phúc, y hộ tương sĩ, bất khả sát chi.” Sách viết: “Thử tử yêu vọng, năng huyễn hoặc chúng tâm, viễn sử chư tương bất phục tương cố quân thần chi lễ, tẫn ủy sách hạ lâu bái chi, bất khả bất trừ dã.” )Jiang Biao Zhuanannotation inSanguozhivol. 46.
- ^( chư tương phục liên danh thông bạch, sự trần khất chi, sách viết: “Tích nam dương trương tân vi giao châu thứ sử, xá tiền thánh điển huấn, phế hán gia pháp luật, thường trứ thao mạt đầu, cổ cầm thiêu hương, độc tà tục đạo thư, vân dĩ trợ hóa, tốt vi nam di sở sát. Thử thậm vô ích, chư quân đãn vị ngộ nhĩ. Kim thử tử dĩ tại quỷ lục, vật phục phí chỉ bút dã.” )Jiang Biao Zhuanannotation inSanguozhivol. 46.
- ^( tức thôi trảm chi, kiêu thủ ô phất. Chư sự chi giả, thượng bất vị chi tử nhi vân thi giải yên, phục tế tự cầu phúc. )Jiang Biao Zhuanannotation inSanguozhivol. 46.
- ^Seiwert, Hubert Michael (2003).Popular Religious Movements and Heterodox Sects in Chinese History.Brill. p.69.ISBN9004131469.
- ^Bokenkamp, Stephen R. (1997).Early Daoist Scriptures(reprint, revised ed.). University of California Press.ISBN052092312X.
- Chen, Shou(3rd century).Records of the Three Kingdoms(Sanguozhi).
- Fan, Ye(5th century).Book of the Later Han(Houhanshu).
- Luo, Guanzhong(14th century).Romance of the Three Kingdoms(Sanguo Yanyi).
- Pei, Songzhi(5th century).Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms(Sanguozhi zhu).