Garland County, Arkansas
34°35′01″N93°07′39″W/ 34.58361°N 93.12750°W
Garland County | |
---|---|
Coordinates:34°35′01″N93°07′39″W/ 34.5836°N 93.1275°W | |
Country | United States |
State | Arkansas |
Founded | April 5, 1873 |
Named for | Augustus Hill Garland |
Seat | Hot Springs |
Largest city | Hot Springs |
Area | |
• Total | 735 sq mi (1,900 km2) |
• Land | 678 sq mi (1,760 km2) |
• Water | 57 sq mi (150 km2) 7.7% |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 100,180 |
• Density | 140/sq mi (53/km2) |
Time zone | UTC−6(Central) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−5(CDT) |
Congressional district | 4th |
Website | www |
Garland Countyis acountylocated in theU.S. stateofArkansas.As of the2020 census,the population was 100,180.[1]Thecounty seatisHot Springs.[2]
Garland County comprises the Hot Springs, ArkansasMetropolitan Statistical Area.The county includesHot Springs National Park,the only national park in the state of Arkansas as well as the first property to be protected under federal legislation. A law was passed in 1832 supported by PresidentAndrew Jacksonto preserve this area, even before Arkansas was admitted as a state.
History[edit]
This area was occupied by the historicNatchitoches people,who frequented the hot springs for their healing powers. Their ancestors among regional indigenous peoples had been coming to this area for thousands of years before their time.
After acquiring the Louisiana Territory in 1803, which had been controlled by French and Spanish officials, PresidentThomas Jeffersonrequested William Dunbar, aplanterand amateur scientist ofNatchez, Mississippi,to explore this area. Dunbar led small group of a dozen soldiers and friend George Hunter, a chemist, to theOuachita Mountainsto report on the Indian tribes, minerals, and springs. They reached Hot Springs in December 1804, where they found a basic cabin used by visitors to the springs.
The first European-American settler was Jean Pierre Emanuel Prudhomme, a descendant of French colonists. An owner of a plantation at Red River, Prudhomme was suffering from illness and sought relief from the springs. In 1807 he built the first permanent European house by the springs, living here for two years. Isaac Cates and John Percival, two trappers from Alabama, joined him. Percival foresaw a great potential for the area and built log cabins in order to rent to visitors to the springs.[3]
In 1828, Ludovicus Belding came with wife and children to visit the hot springs. After a few months they built a small hotel for the visitors of the springs.[4]
In 1832 PresidentAndrew Jacksonsigned legislation to protect the hot springs area for recreational use by American citizens as Hot Springs Reservation, the first time such action was taken. This was four years before Arkansas became a state, on June 15, 1836. A dispute among original settlers and their descendants over control of the property was settled by the US Supreme Court in 1877 in favor of the federal government.[3]Hot Springs National Parkwas established in 1921 and is managed by the National Park Service.[5]
Garland County is Arkansas' 68th county, formed during theReconstruction eraon April 5, 1873, from portions of Hot Spring, Montgomery, and Saline counties.[6]It was named forAugustus H. Garland,eleventh governor of Arkansas.[7][8]It is the only county in the United States with this name.
Geography[edit]
According to theU.S. Census Bureau,the county has a total area of 735 square miles (1,900 km2), of which 678 square miles (1,760 km2) is land and 57 square miles (150 km2) (7.7%) is water.[9]
Transit[edit]
Major highways[edit]
Adjacent counties[edit]
- Perry County(north)
- Saline County(east)
- Hot Spring County(south)
- Montgomery County(west)
- Yell County(northwest)
National protected areas[edit]
Demographics[edit]
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1880 | 9,023 | — | |
1890 | 15,328 | 69.9% | |
1900 | 18,773 | 22.5% | |
1910 | 27,271 | 45.3% | |
1920 | 25,785 | −5.4% | |
1930 | 36,031 | 39.7% | |
1940 | 41,664 | 15.6% | |
1950 | 47,102 | 13.1% | |
1960 | 46,697 | −0.9% | |
1970 | 54,131 | 15.9% | |
1980 | 70,531 | 30.3% | |
1990 | 73,397 | 4.1% | |
2000 | 88,068 | 20.0% | |
2010 | 96,024 | 9.0% | |
2020 | 100,180 | 4.3% | |
2023 (est.) | 99,784 | [10] | −0.4% |
U.S. Decennial Census[11] 1790–1960[12]1900–1990[13] 1990–2000[14]2010[15] |
2020 census[edit]
Race | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|
White(non-Hispanic) | 77,239 | 77.1% |
Black or African American(non-Hispanic) | 8,034 | 8.02% |
Native American | 623 | 0.62% |
Asian | 960 | 0.96% |
Pacific Islander | 71 | 0.07% |
Other/Mixed | 6,206 | 6.19% |
HispanicorLatino | 7,047 | 7.03% |
As of the2020 United States census,there were 100,180 people, 41,743 households, and 26,006 families residing in the county.
2000 census[edit]
As of the2000 United States Census,[18]there were 88,068 people, 37,813 households, and 25,259 families residing in the county. Thepopulation densitywas 130 people per square mile (50 people/km2). There were 44,953 housing units at an average density of 66 units per square mile (25 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 88.85%White,7.80%BlackorAfrican American,0.61%Native American,0.50%Asian,0.03%Pacific Islander,0.72% fromother races,and 1.49% from two or more races. 2.56% of the population wereHispanicorLatinoof any race.
There were 37,813 households, out of which 25.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.20% weremarried couplesliving together, 10.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.20% were non-families. 28.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.78.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 21.30% under the age of 18, 7.30% from 18 to 24, 25.20% from 25 to 44, 25.10% from 45 to 64, and 21.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 94.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.80 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $31,724, and the median income for a family was $38,079. Males had a median income of $28,117 versus $20,421 for females. Theper capita incomefor the county was $18,631. About 10.50% of families and 14.60% of the population were below thepoverty line,including 22.70% of those under age 18 and 8.60% of those age 65 or over.
Communities[edit]
Cities[edit]
- Hot Springs(county seat)
- Mountain Pine
Towns[edit]
Census-designated places[edit]
Unincorporated communities[edit]
Townships[edit]
Townships in Arkansasare the divisions of a county. Each township includes unincorporated areas; some may have incorporated cities or towns within part of their boundaries. Arkansas townships have limited purposes in modern times. However, theUnited States censusdoes list Arkansas population based on townships (sometimes referred to as "county subdivisions" or "minor civil divisions" ). Townships are also of value for historical purposes in terms of genealogical research. Each town or city is within one or more townships in an Arkansas county based on census maps and publications. The townships of Garland County are listed below; listed in parentheses are the cities, towns, and/orcensus-designated placesthat are fully or partially inside the township. [19][20]
Township | FIPScode | ANSIcode (GNISID) |
Population center(s) |
Pop. (2010) |
Pop. density (/mi2) |
Pop. density (/km2) |
Total area (mi2) |
Total area (km2) |
Land area (mi2) |
Land area (km2) |
Water area (mi2) |
Water area (km2) |
Geographic coordinates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hale | 05-91581 | 00066591 | Mountain Pine,most of CDPHot Springs Village,small part of CDPRockwell | 16,142 | 41.99 | 16.21 | 428.979 | 1,111 | 384.389 | 995.6 | 44.590 | 115.5 | 34°38′02″N93°11′55″W/ 34.633909°N 93.198598°W |
Hot Springs | 05-91773 | 00066592 | most ofHot Springs | 41,479 | 801.70 | 309.54 | 54.073 | 140.0 | 51.739 | 134.0 | 2.334 | 6.045 | 34°29′40″N93°02′52″W/ 34.494338°N 93.047883°W |
Lake Hamilton | 05-92100 | 00066594 | CDPLake Hamilton,most of CDPRockwell | 20,534 | 260.45 | 100.56 | 86.717 | 224.6 | 78.839 | 204.2 | 7.878 | 20.40 | 34°25′52″N93°05′11″W/ 34.431040°N 93.086323°W |
Whittington | 05-94047 | 00066602 | Fountain Lake,Lonsdale,CDPPiney,part of CDPHot Springs Village,small part ofHot Springs | 17,599 | 108.09 | 41.73 | 164.852 | 427.0 | 162.814 | 421.7 | 2.038 | 5.278 | 34°34′08″N92°59′59″W/ 34.568990°N 92.999676°W |
Source:"Census 2010 U.S. Gazetteer Files: County Subdivisions in Arkansas".U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division. Archived fromthe originalon May 31, 2014.
Source:"Census 2010 U.S. Gazetteer Files".U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division. |
Government and politics[edit]
Over the past few election cycles Garland County has trended heavily towards the GOP. The last Democrat to carry this county was Arkansas “favorite son”Bill Clintonin 1996.
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 29,069 | 65.77% | 14,045 | 31.78% | 1,085 | 2.45% |
2016 | 26,087 | 63.93% | 12,311 | 30.17% | 2,407 | 5.90% |
2012 | 26,014 | 63.87% | 13,804 | 33.89% | 910 | 2.23% |
2008 | 26,825 | 61.36% | 15,899 | 36.37% | 995 | 2.28% |
2004 | 21,734 | 54.13% | 18,040 | 44.93% | 380 | 0.95% |
2000 | 19,098 | 53.15% | 15,840 | 44.08% | 997 | 2.77% |
1996 | 13,662 | 37.73% | 19,211 | 53.06% | 3,333 | 9.21% |
1992 | 12,886 | 35.80% | 18,811 | 52.26% | 4,298 | 11.94% |
1988 | 19,281 | 60.93% | 11,406 | 36.05% | 955 | 3.02% |
1984 | 21,213 | 62.47% | 11,484 | 33.82% | 1,261 | 3.71% |
1980 | 15,739 | 52.96% | 12,515 | 42.11% | 1,463 | 4.92% |
1976 | 10,394 | 39.72% | 15,707 | 60.02% | 69 | 0.26% |
1972 | 15,602 | 73.90% | 5,207 | 24.66% | 303 | 1.44% |
1968 | 7,674 | 37.83% | 5,655 | 27.88% | 6,955 | 34.29% |
1964 | 9,952 | 46.01% | 11,591 | 53.59% | 86 | 0.40% |
1960 | 7,204 | 51.66% | 6,333 | 45.42% | 407 | 2.92% |
1956 | 9,427 | 62.53% | 5,437 | 36.06% | 212 | 1.41% |
1952 | 7,848 | 60.07% | 5,165 | 39.53% | 52 | 0.40% |
1948 | 2,286 | 31.95% | 3,764 | 52.61% | 1,104 | 15.43% |
1944 | 2,069 | 36.50% | 3,596 | 63.43% | 4 | 0.07% |
1940 | 1,424 | 29.84% | 3,335 | 69.89% | 13 | 0.27% |
1936 | 1,217 | 29.09% | 2,931 | 70.07% | 35 | 0.84% |
1932 | 833 | 16.38% | 4,252 | 83.60% | 1 | 0.02% |
1928 | 2,720 | 48.94% | 2,823 | 50.79% | 15 | 0.27% |
1924 | 1,064 | 37.50% | 1,501 | 52.91% | 272 | 9.59% |
1920 | 1,423 | 45.45% | 1,619 | 51.71% | 89 | 2.84% |
1916 | 1,057 | 38.65% | 1,678 | 61.35% | 0 | 0.00% |
1912 | 300 | 14.80% | 1,046 | 51.60% | 681 | 33.60% |
1908 | 1,105 | 42.91% | 1,340 | 52.04% | 130 | 5.05% |
1904 | 854 | 50.92% | 804 | 47.94% | 19 | 1.13% |
1900 | 708 | 42.62% | 940 | 56.59% | 13 | 0.78% |
1896 | 703 | 31.33% | 1,465 | 65.29% | 76 | 3.39% |
1892 | 940 | 37.10% | 1,456 | 57.46% | 138 | 5.45% |
See also[edit]
- List of lakes in Garland County, Arkansas
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Garland County, Arkansas
References[edit]
- ^"Census - Geography Profile: Garland County, Arkansas".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJanuary 20,2023.
- ^"Find a County".National Association of Counties. Archived fromthe originalon May 31, 2011.RetrievedJune 7,2011.
- ^ab"Garland County: History",Rootsweb
- ^on, Best Books (April 27, 2018).Arkansas: A Guide to the State.Best Books on.ISBN9781623760045.RetrievedApril 27,2018– via Google Books.
- ^"The National Parks: Index 2009–2011".National Park Service.RetrievedMarch 7,2012.
- ^"Garland County - Encyclopedia of Arkansas".www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net.RetrievedAugust 27,2015.
- ^"Profile for Baxter County, Arkansas, AR".ePodunk. Archived fromthe originalon December 27, 2018.RetrievedAugust 14,2012.
- ^Gannett, Henry (1905).The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States.Govt. Print. Off. pp.134.
- ^"2010 Census Gazetteer Files".United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012.RetrievedAugust 26,2015.
- ^"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedMarch 30,2024.
- ^"U.S. Decennial Census".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedAugust 26,2015.
- ^"Historical Census Browser".University of Virginia Library.RetrievedAugust 26,2015.
- ^Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995)."Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedAugust 26,2015.
- ^"Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000"(PDF).United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001.Archived(PDF)from the original on March 27, 2010.RetrievedAugust 26,2015.
- ^"State & County QuickFacts".United States Census Bureau. Archived fromthe originalon June 7, 2011.RetrievedMay 21,2014.
- ^Based on2000 censusdata
- ^"Explore Census Data".data.census.gov.RetrievedDecember 31,2021.
- ^"U.S. Census website".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedMay 14,2011.
- ^2011 Boundary and Annexation Survey (BAS): Garland County, AR(PDF)(Map). U. S. Census Bureau. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on October 19, 2012.RetrievedAugust 14,2011.
- ^"Arkansas: 2010 Census Block Maps - County Subdivision".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJune 28,2014.
- ^"Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".RetrievedNovember 18,2016.
- ^"Our Campaigns - U.S. President".RetrievedJanuary 22,2021.
External links[edit]
- Garland County government's website
- Hot Springs, Arkansas Community Guides• What to do and where to find it in Hot Springs, Arkansas.
- Garland County Sheriff's Department