List of gasoline additives
Petrol additivesmay increasepetrol'soctane rating,thus allowing the use of highercompression ratiosfor greater efficiency and power, or act ascorrosion inhibitorsorlubricants.Other additives includemetal deactivators,oxygenatesandantioxidants.
Some additives are harmful and are regulated or banned in some countries.
Fictional additives[edit]
- Sugar,as seen inThe Passionate Stranger(1957) andpopularly believedto damage the engine.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Additives[edit]
- Oxygenates
- Alcohols:
- Methanol(MeOH)
- Ethanol(EtOH); see alsocommon ethanol fuel mixtures
- Isopropyl alcohol(IPA)
- n-butanol(BuOH)
- Gasoline gradet-butanol(GTBA)
- Ethers:
- Methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE), now outlawed in many states of theU.S.for road use because ofwater contamination.
- Tertiary amyl methyl ether(TAME)
- Tertiary hexyl methyl ether(THEME)
- Ethyl tertiary butyl ether(ETBE)
- Tertiary amyl ethyl ether(TAEE)
- Diisopropyl ether(DIPE)
- Alcohols:
- Antioxidants,stabilizers
- Butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA)
- Butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT)
- 2-tert-Butylphenol
- 3-tert-Butylphenol
- 4-tert-Butylphenol
- 2,4-Dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol
- 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol(2,6-DTBP)
- 2,4,6-Tri-tert-butylphenol(2,4,6-TTBP)
- tert-Butylhydroquinone(TBHQ)
- p-Phenylenediamine
- N,N'-Di-2-butyl-1,4-phenylenediamine
- Ethylenediamine
- Detergents;see alsoTop Tier Detergent Gasoline
- Aminesaka "nitrogen enriched"
- Polybuteneamine(PBA)
- Polyetheramine(PEA); see alsoTechron
- Polyisobutyleneamine(PIBA)
- Aminesaka "nitrogen enriched"
- Antiknock agents
- Tetraethyllead(TEL), nowbannedalmost everywhere forcausing brain damage.
- Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl(MMT) is a neurotoxic substance and is fatal if swallowed/inhaled and causesmanganism.[7]
- Ferrocene
- Dimethyl methylphosphonate
- Toluene
- Isooctane
- Triptane
- Leadscavengers(for leaded gasoline)
- Tricresyl phosphate(TCP) (also anAW additiveandEP additive)
- 1,2-Dibromoethane
- 1,2-Dichloroethane
- Fuel dyes,most common:
- Fuel additives in general
- Etherand other flammable hydrocarbons have been used extensively asstarting fluidfor many difficult-to-start engines, especiallydiesel engines
- Nitromethane,or "nitro", is a high-performance racing fuel
- Acetoneis avaporizationadditive, mainly used withmethanolracing fuel
- Butyl rubber(as polyisobutylene succinimide,detergentto prevent fouling ofdieselfuel injectors)
- Ferrouspicrate,used in diesel fuel to increase fuel conversion efficiency and reduce emissions
- Two-stroke oil,for lubrication ofsmall engines reliant on crankcase compression
- Upper cylinder lubricant, extensively advertised but of unproven value
Racing formulations[edit]
- Nitromethanecan increase thecetane numberof diesel fuel, improving its combustion properties
- Nitrous oxide,or simplynitrous,is anoxidizerused in many forms ofmotorsportssuch asdrag racingandstreet racing.
Legislation[edit]
United States[edit]
Fuel additives in theUnited Statesare regulated undersection 211of theClean Air Act(as amended in January 1995). TheEnvironmental Protection Agency(EPA) requires the registration of all fuel additives which are commercially distributed for use in highway motor vehicles in theUnited States,[8]and may require testing and ban harmful additives. The EPA also regularly reviews the health and net economic benefits of Clean Air Act policies.[9]
The act also requiresdeposit control additives(DCAs) be added to all petrol. This type of additive is adetergentadditive that acts as a cleansing agent in small passages in thecarburetororfuel injectors.This in turn serves to ensure a consistentair and fuel mixturethat will contribute to bettergas mileage.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ARRC Auto Repair Reference Center. Point 5 Technologies. Accessed via EbscoHost on November 27, 2009
- EPA: List of Registered Gasoline Additives(Under 40 CFR Part 79)
- ^"What Really Happens If You Put Sugar in a Gas Tank?".ThoughtCo.Retrieved2024-01-26.
- ^Inman, K.; Hardin, G.; Sensabaugh, G. F.; Thornton, J. I.; Giles, E.; Jantz, R. L.; Sperber, N. (Skip); Baccino, P. E. (1993-07-01)."Letters to the Editor".Journal of Forensic Sciences.38(4): 757–764.doi:10.1520/JFS13470J.ISSN0022-1198.
- ^https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296398470_Concerning_the_solubility_of_sugar_in_gasoline_1
- ^Journal of Forensic Sciences 1993-07: Vol 38 Iss 4.Wiley Subscription Services.
- ^"Journal of Forensic Sciences | Scholars Portal Journals".journals.scholarsportal.info.Retrieved2024-01-26.
- ^"Does Sugar in a Gas Tank Actually Cause Harm? | YourMechanic Advice".www.yourmechanic.com.Retrieved2024-01-26.
- ^"Material Safety Datasheet. Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl"(PDF).datasheets.scbt.com/sc-228587.pdf.
- ^[1]List of American fuel additives and applicable regulatory requirements.
- ^[2]Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act: a set of scientific reviews conducted by theU.S. Environmental Protection Agencyin compliance with the act.