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Gau Baden

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Gau Baden
Gau Baden–Elsass
GauofNazi Germany
1925–1945
Flag of Gau Baden
Flag
Coat of arms of Gau Baden
Coat of arms

Gau Baden on the far left, borderingFrancein 1944
CapitalKarlsruhe(1933–40)
Strasbourg(1940–45)
Government
Gauleiter
• 1925–1945
Robert Wagner
History
22 March 1925
8 May 1945
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Republic of Baden
France
Republic of Baden
France
Today part ofFrance
Germany
Part ofa serieson
Alsace
Rot un Wiss,traditional flag of Alsace
History
Culture
Religion
according to
Concordat in Alsace-Moselle(1801):
(includingLorraine)
Law
Administrative divisions
Politics
Alsace in theEuropean Union
Related topics

TheGau Baden,renamedGau Baden–Alsace(German:Gau Baden-Elsaß) in March 1941, was ade factoadministrative divisionofNazi Germanyfrom 1933 to 1945 in the German state ofBadenand, from 1940 onwards, inAlsace(German:Elsaß). Before that, from 1925 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area.

History[edit]

The Nazi Gau (plural Gaue) system was originally established in aNazi Partyconference on 22 May 1926 in order to improve administration of the party structure. From 1933 onward, after theNazi seizure of power,theGaueincreasingly replaced the German states as administrative subdivisions in Germany.[1]In 1940, after Germany occupied the French region ofAlsace,Gau Baden incorporated the two AlsatiandépartementsofBas-RhinandHaut-Rhin,becomingBaden-Elsass.The seat of the Gau administration was originallyKarlsruhe,but moved toStrasbourgafter the German occupation of France.[2]

At the head of each Gau stood aGauleiter,a position which became increasingly more powerful, especially after the outbreak of theSecond World War,with little interference from above. Local Gauleiters often held government positions as well as party ones and were in charge of, among other things, propaganda and surveillance and, from September 1944 onward, theVolkssturmand the defense of the Gau.[1][3]

The position of Gauleiter in Baden was held byRobert Wagnerfrom March 1925 for the duration of the Gau's existence.[4][5]Wagner was executed on 14 August 1946 in Strasbourg for his crimes during the occupation of Alsace.[6]His deputies wereKarl Lenz(1926–31),Walter Köhler(1931–33) andHermann Röhn(1934–45).[2]

TheNatzweiler-Struthofconcentration camp was located in the Alsace region of the Gau.[7]

See also[edit]

  • Gauliga Baden,the highest association football league in the Baden region of the Gau from 1933 to 1945
  • Gauliga Elsaß,the highest association football league in the Alsace region of the Gau from 1940 to 1945

References[edit]

  1. ^ab"Die NS-Gaue"[The Nazi Gaue].dhm.de(in German).Deutsches Historisches Museum.Retrieved24 March2016.
  2. ^ab"Übersicht der NSDAP-Gaue, der Gauleiter und der Stellvertretenden Gauleiter zwischen 1933 und 1945"[Overview of Nazi Gaue, the Gauleiter and assistant Gauleiter from 1933 to 1945].zukunft-braucht-erinnerung.de(in German).Zukunft braucht Erinnerung.Archived fromthe originalon 26 May 2017.Retrieved24 March2016.
  3. ^"The Organization of the Nazi Party & State".nizkor.org.The Nizkor Project.Archived fromthe originalon 9 November 2016.Retrieved26 March2016.
  4. ^Michael D. Miller and Andreas Schulz (2012).Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925-1945, Vol. 1.R. James Bender Publishing. p. 18.ISBN978-1932970210.
  5. ^"Gau Baden".verwaltungsgeschichte.de(in German).Retrieved24 March2016.
  6. ^"ROBERT WAGNER, GAULEITER, REICHSSTATTHALTER IN BADEN UND CHEF DER ZIVILVERWALTUNG IM ELSASS"[Robert Wagner, Gauleiter, Reichsstatthalter in Baden and chief of the civil administration of Alsace].ns-ministerien-bw.de(in German). 12 December 2014.Retrieved24 March2016.
  7. ^"Natzweiler-Struthof"(PDF).yadvashem.org.Yad Vashem.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 17 February 2017.Retrieved31 March2016.

External links[edit]

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