Gelibolu
Gelibolu
Gallipoli | |
|---|---|
 The port of Gelibolu on theDardanellesstrait | |
  Gelibolu Location in Turkey  Gelibolu Gelibolu (Marmara) | |
| Coordinates:40°24′50″N26°40′13″E/ 40.41389°N 26.67028°E | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Çanakkale |
| District | Gelibolu |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Münir Mustafa Özacar (CHP) |
| Elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (2021)[1] | 31,782 |
| Time zone | UTC+3(TRT) |
| Postal code | 17500 |
| Area code | 0286 |
| Website | www |
Gelibolu,also known asGallipoli(fromGreek:Καλλίπολις,Kallipolis,"Beautiful City" ),[2]is the name of a town inÇanakkale Provinceof theMarmara Region,located inEastern Thracein the European part ofTurkey.It is located on the southern shore of thepeninsula named after iton theDardanellesstrait, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) away fromLapsekion the other shore.[3]It is the seat ofGelibolu District.[4]Its population is 31,782 (2021).[1]
History
[edit]
TheMacedoniancity of Callipolis was founded in the 5th century B.C.[3]It has a rich history as a naval base for various rulers.
The emperorJustinian Ifortified Gallipoli and established important military warehouses for corn and wine there, of which someByzantineruins can still be seen.[3][5]After thecapture of Constantinopleby theLatinsin 1204, Gallipoli passed into the power of theRepublic of Venice.In 1294 theGenoesedefeated a Venetian force in the neighbourhood. TheCatalan Company,a body ofAlmogavars,underRoger de Flor,established themselves here in 1306, and after the death of their leader massacred almost all the citizens; they were vainly besieged by the allied troops of Venice and the Byzantine Empire, and withdrew in 1307, after dismantling the fortifications.[3][5]After the city's defenses were damaged in an earthquake, it wasconquered by Turks in 1354and became the first stronghold of theOttoman Empirein Europe.[5]SultanBayezid I(1389–1403) built a castle and tower there which can still be seen.[3]In 1416 the Venetians underPietro Loredandefeated the Turkshere.[3]Gallipoli is the site of "tombs of the Thracian kings",[3]which refers to the graves of the Islamic writersAhmed Bican(died 1466) and his brother Mehmed Bican (died 1451).
Throughout the Ottoman period, the town was the capital of theSanjak of Gelibolu,and the original center of theEyaletof theKapudan Pasha;between 1864 and 1920 the town belonged to theEdirne Vilayetof the Ottoman Empire. In 1904 the Greek bishopric of Kallipolis was promoted to ametropolisand is listed under theEcumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.[5]
From the early 17th century until the early 20th century, a relatively large number of Sephardic Jews lived in Gallipoli, descendants of those fleeing the Spanish Inquisition.
In 1854 the town was occupied by the allied French and British armies during theCrimean Warwho strengthened the defensive constructions from 1357.[3]Many soldiers died there of cholera and are buried in a local cemetery.[5]The guns of Gallipoli guarded the sea of Marmara until 1878 when more fortifications were built when the Russiansthreatened to take possessionof Constantinople.[3]
TheBulgarianArmy threatened Gelibolu during theFirst Balkan Warand advanced toBolayırin 1912. During the First World War the peninsula and the town were witness to a series of memorable battles (seeGallipoli Campaign). The town wasoccupied by the Greek armyin 1920–1922, and finally returned to Turkey in 1923 under theTreaty of Lausanne.Between 1922 and 1926 the town was a provincial center and the districts of Gelibolu,Eceabat,Keşan(Enezbecame part of Keşan before 1953) andŞarköy.
Bishopric
[edit]
A Christianbishopric,asuffraganofHeraclea,the capital andmetropolitan seeof theRoman provinceofEuropa.Extant documents give the names of three of its bishops of the period before theEast–West Schism:Cyrillus, who was at theCouncil of Ephesusin 431; Harmonius, who took part ina synodthatPatriarch Menas of Constantinopleheld in 536 to condemn theMiaphysitePatriarch Anthimus I of Constantinople;Melchisedec, who participated in theSecond Council of Nicaea(787).[6][7]
The bishopric continued to be a see of theGreek Orthodox Churchuntil after the 1923population exchange between Greece and Turkey.[8]Le Quienmentions three of those bishops who lived in the 14th and 15th centuries.[7]Beginning in the early 13th century, there were alsoLatin Churchbishops of Callipolis.[9]
No longer a residential bishopric, Callipolis is today listed by theCatholic Churchas atitular see.[10]
Known bishops
[edit]- Cyrillus fl. 431[7]
- Harmonius fl. 538
- Melchisedec fl. 787
- Joseph
- Paulus
- Alexius
Titular Catholic bishops
[edit]- Heinrich Kratz, O.Hosp.S.J.H., appointed 28 Jan 1484
- Edward, appointed 1494
- Diego, appointed 21 Aug 1507; died 1509
- John Young, ordained bishop 3 Jul 1513; died 28 Mar 1526
- Petrus Deodato, O.F.M., appointed 13 Feb 1638; succeeded as Bishop of Sardica (Sredek, Sofia), 15 Jun 1641
- James Smith, appointed 28 Jan 1688; died 13 May 1711
- Hyacinthus Archiopoli, appointed 1757; died 7 Apr 1789
- Giuseppe Menditto, appointed 23 Jun 1828
- John Bernard Fitzpatrick, appointed 21 Nov 1843; succeeded as Bishop of Boston, Massachusetts, 11 Aug 1846
- Jean-Benoît Truffet, C.S.Sp., appointed 11 Dec 1846; died 23 Nov 1847
- Jean-René Bessieux, C.S.Sp., appointed 20 Jun 1848; died 30 Apr 1876
- Rosario Maria Frungillo, appointed 31 Dec 1877; died 5 Feb 1886
- Vincenzo Molo, appointed 20 Sep 1887; died 15 Mar 1904
- Karel Wisnar, appointed 14 Nov 1904; died 18 Apr 1926
- José María Betanzos y Hormaechevarría, O.F.M., appointed 17 Jul 1926; died 27 Dec 1948
- Joseph-Pierre-Albert Wittebols, S.C.I., appointed 10 Mar 1949; appointed Bishop of Wamba 10 Nov 1959
- Bernard Schilling, S.V.D., appointed 19 Dec 1959; died 16 Jun 1992[11][12][13]
Gelibolu today
[edit]Gelibolu is now an administrative center in the province ofÇanakkale.The mayor is Münir Mustafa Özacar (CHP). Gelibolu is well known forsardinecanning.
Notable people
[edit]- Piri Reis(c. 1465–1555), Turkish cartographer and geographer
- Hayreddin Barbarossa(1478 - 1546), Ottoman Corsair and Admiral of the Ottoman Navy.
- Ahmed Bican Yazıcıoğlu(d.c. 1466),Bayramiyedervish and writer
- Mustafa Âlî(1541–1600), Turkish historian
- Sofia Vembo(1910–1978), Greek singer
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ab"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2021"(XLS)(in Turkish).TÜİK.Retrieved1 March2023.
- ^Καλλίπολις, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,A Greek-English Lexicon,at Perseus project
- ^abcdefghiChisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911)..Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 420.
- ^İlçe Belediyesi,Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
- ^abcdeCallipolisin the New Advent Encyclopedia
- ^Pius Bonifacius Gams,Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae,Leipzig 1931, p. 427
- ^abcLe Quien, Michel(1740).Oriens Christianus, in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus: quo exhibentur ecclesiæ, patriarchæ, cæterique præsules totius Orientis. Tomus primus: tres magnas complectens diœceses Ponti, Asiæ & Thraciæ, Patriarchatui Constantinopolitano subjectas(in Latin). Paris: Ex Typographia Regia. coll. 1123–1124.OCLC955922585.
- ^Raymond Janin,La hiérarchie ecclésiastique dans le diocèse de Thrace,inRevue des études byzantines,tomo 17, 1959, pp. 148-149.
- ^Konrad Eubel,Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi,vol. 1Archived2019-07-09 at theWayback Machine,pp. 158–159;vol. 2Archived2018-10-04 at theWayback Machine,pp. XVIII e 115;vol. 3Archived2019-03-21 at theWayback Machine,p. 147;vol. 4,p. 130;vol. 5,p. 137;vol. 6,p. 141
- ^Annuario Pontificio 2013(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013ISBN978-88-209-9070-1), p. 856
- ^Callipolisat GCatholic.org.
- ^Callipolisat catholic-hierarchy.org.
- ^Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013ISBN978-88-209-9070-1), p. 856.
External links
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