Gemmatimonadota
| Gemmatimonadota | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification
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| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Clade: | FCB group |
| Phylum: | Gemmatimonadota Zhang et al. 2021 |
| Classes | |
| Synonyms | |
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TheGemmatimonadotaare aphylumofbacteriaestablished in 2003. Thephylumcontains two classesGemmatimonadetesandLongimicrobia.
Species[edit]
The type speciesGemmatimonas aurantiacastrain T-27Twas isolated from activated sludge in a sewage treatment system in 2003.[1]It is a Gram-negative bacterium able to grow by both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.[2]
The second cultured species wasGemmatirosa kalamazoonensisgen. nov., sp. nov. strain KBS708, which was isolated from organically managed agricultural soil in Michigan USA.[3]
The third cultured speciesGemmatimonas phototrophicastrain AP64Twas isolated from a shallow freshwater desert lake Tiān é hú (Swan Lake) in North China.[4]A unique feature of this organism is the presence of bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers. It probably acquired genes for anoxygenic photosynthesis viahorizontal gene transfer.G. phototrophicais a facultative photoheterotrophic organism. It requires the supply of organic substrate for growth, but it may obtain additional energy for its metabolism from light.[5]
Longimicrobium terraestrain CB-286315T was isolated from a soil sample from a typical Mediterranean forest ecosystem located in Granada, Spain. Due to this large phylogenetic distance from other cultured Gemmatimonades, it established a novel class named Longimicrobia.[6]
Environmental distribution[edit]
Data from culture-independent studies indicate that Gemmatimonadota are widely distributed in many natural habitats. They make up about 2% of soil bacterial communities and has been identified as one of the top nine phyla found in soils; yet, there are currently only six cultured isolates.[7]Gemmatimonadota have been found in a variety of arid soils, such as grassland, prairie, and pasture soil, as well as eutrophic lake sediments and alpine soils. This wide range of environments where Gemmatimonadota have been found suggests an adaptation to low soil moisture.[8]A study conducted showed that the distribution of the Gemmatimonadota in soil tends to be more dependent on the moisture availability than aggregation, reinforcing the belief that the members of this phylum prefer dryer soils.[9]Smaller numbers were also found in various aquatic environments, such as fresh waters and sediments.
Phylogeny[edit]
| 16S rRNA basedLTP_12_2021[10][11][12] | 120 single copy marker proteins basedGTDB08-RS214[13][14][15] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Taxonomy[edit]
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on theList of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature(LSPN)[16]andNational Center for Biotechnology Information.[17]
- PhylumGemmatimonadotaZhang et al. 2003
- ClassGemmatimonadetesZhang et al. 2003[ "Gemmatimonadia"Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016 ex Cavalier-Smith 2020]
- Order? "Palaucibacterales"Aldeguer-Riquelme, Antón & Santos 2022[PAUC43f]
- OrderGemmatimonadalesZhang et al. 2003
- FamilyGemmatimonadaceaeZhang et al. 2003
- GenusRoseisolibacterPascual et al. 2018
- SpeciesR. agriPascual et al. 2018
- Genus "Gemmatirosa"DeBruyn et al. 2013
- SpeciesG. kalamazoonesisDeBruyn et al. 2013
- GenusGemmatimonasZhang et al. 2003 em. Zeng et al. 2015
- SpeciesG. aurantiacaZhang et al. 2003 em. Zeng et al. 2015
- Species "G. groenlandica"Zeng et al. 2020
- SpeciesG. phototrophicaZeng et al. 2015
- GenusRoseisolibacterPascual et al. 2018
- FamilyGemmatimonadaceaeZhang et al. 2003
- ClassLongimicrobiaPascual et al. 2016
- OrderLongimicrobialesPascual et al. 2016
- FamilyLongimicrobiaceaePascual et al. 2016
- GenusLongimicrobiumPascual et al. 2016
- SpeciesL. terraePascual et al. 2016
- GenusLongimicrobiumPascual et al. 2016
- FamilyLongimicrobiaceaePascual et al. 2016
- OrderLongimicrobialesPascual et al. 2016
- ClassGemmatimonadetesZhang et al. 2003[ "Gemmatimonadia"Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016 ex Cavalier-Smith 2020]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Zhang H, Sekiguchi Y, Hanada S, Hugenholtz P, Kim H, Kamagata Y, Nakamura K (2003)."Gemmatimonas aurantiaca gen. nov., sp. nov., a gram-negative, aerobic, polyphosphate-accumulating micro-organism, the first cultured representative of the new bacterial phylum Gemmatimonadetes phyl. nov".Int J Syst Evol Microbiol.53(Pt 4): 1155–63.doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02520-0.PMID12892144.
- ^Takaichi, S; Maoka, T; Takasaki, K; Hanada, S (2009)."Carotenoids ofGemmatimonas aurantiaca (Gemmatimonadetes):identification of a novel carotenoid, deoxyoscillol 2-rhamnoside, and proposed biosynthetic pathway of oscillol 2,2′-dirhamnoside ".Microbiology.156(3): 757–763.doi:10.1099/mic.0.034249-0.PMID19959572.
- ^DeBruyn J.M.; Fawaz M.N.; Peacock, A.D.; Dunlap J.R.; Nixon L.T.; Cooper K.E.; Radosevich M. (2013)."Gemmatirosa kalamazoonesisgen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the rarelycultivated bacterial phylum Gemmatimonadetes ".J Gen Appl Microbiol.59(4): 305–312.doi:10.2323/jgam.59.305.PMID24005180.
- ^Zeng Y.; Selyanin V.; Lukeš M.; Dean J.; Kaftan D.; Feng F.; Koblížek M. (2015)."Characterization of the microaerophilic, bacteriochlorophyll a-containing bacteriumGemmatimonas phototrophicasp. nov., and emended descriptions of the genusGemmatimonasandGemmatimonas aurantiaca".Int J Syst Evol Microbiol.65(8): 2410–2419.doi:10.1099/ijs.0.000272.PMID25899503.
- ^Zeng Y.; Feng F.; Medová H.; Dean J.; Koblížek M. (2014)."Functional type 2 photosynthetic reaction centers found in the rare bacterial phylum Gemmatimonadetes".Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.111(21): 7795–7800.Bibcode:2014PNAS..111.7795Z.doi:10.1073/pnas.1400295111.PMC4040607.PMID24821787.
- ^Pascual J.; García-López M.; Bills G.F.; Genilloud O. (2016)."Longimicrobium terraegen. nov., sp. nov., a novel oligotrophic bacterium of the underrepresented phylum Gemmatimonadetes isolated through a system of miniaturized diffusion chambers ".Int J Syst Evol Microbiol.66(5): 1976–1985.doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.000974.PMID26873585.
- ^Fawaz, Mariam (2013). "Revealing the Ecological Role of Gemmatimonadetes Through Cultivation and Molecular Analysis of Agricultural Soils".Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee:vi.
- ^DeBruyn, J; Nixon, L; Fawaz, M; Johnson, M; Radosevich, M (2011)."Global Biogeography and Quantitative Season Dynamics ofGemmatimonadetesin Soil ".Appl. Environ. Microbiol.77(17): 6295–300.Bibcode:2011ApEnM..77.6295D.doi:10.1128/AEM.05005-11.PMC3165389.PMID21764958.
- ^Fawaz, Mariam (2013). "Revealing the Ecological Role of Gemmatimonadetes Through Cultivation and Molecular Analysis of Agricultural Soils".Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee:vi.
- ^"The LTP".Retrieved23 February2021.
- ^"LTP_all tree in newick format".Retrieved23 February2021.
- ^"LTP_12_2021 Release Notes"(PDF).Retrieved23 February2021.
- ^"GTDB release 08-RS214".Genome Taxonomy Database.Retrieved10 May2023.
- ^"bac120_r214.sp_label".Genome Taxonomy Database.Retrieved10 May2023.
- ^"Taxon History".Genome Taxonomy Database.Retrieved10 May2023.
- ^J.P. Euzéby."Gemmatimonadetes".List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature(LPSN).Retrieved2016-03-20.
- ^Sayers; et al."Gemmatimonadetes".National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI) taxonomy database.Retrieved2016-03-20.
External links[edit]
- Brief taxonomy
- Fawaz, M. N. (2013). Revealing the Ecological Role of Gemmatimonadetes Through Cultivation and Molecular Analysis of Agricultural Soils.44–60. Brief review of the phylum.
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