Jump to content

Gendo Ikari

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gendo Ikari
Neon Genesis Evangelioncharacter
Created byHideaki Anno
Yoshiyuki Sadamoto
Voiced by
In-universe information
Full nameGendo Ikari
(born Gendo Rokubungi)
SpeciesHuman
GenderMale
SpouseYui Ikari
SignificantotherRitsuko Akagi
ChildrenShinji Ikari(son)
Rei Ayanami(ward)
NationalityJapanese

Gendo Ikari(Japanese:Đĩnh ゲンドウ,Hepburn:Ikari Gendō)[a]is a fictional character from theNeon Genesis Evangelionfranchise, created byGainax.In the originalanimeseries with the same name,Gendo is the supreme commander of the special agency Nerv, which is dedicated to the study and annihilation ofAngels,a series of mysterious enemies of humans. Gendo is grief-stricken by the sudden death of his wifeYui,and abandons his sonShinji Ikarito devote himself to a plan named Human Instrumentality Project. Years later, Gendo asks Shinji to pilot a giantmechanamedEvangelion;his pragmatic, cold, and calculating attitude leads him to use any means to achieve his personal goals. He also appears in the franchise's animated feature films and related media,video games,theoriginal net animationPetit Eva: Evangelion@School,theRebuild of Evangelionfilms, and themangaadaptation byYoshiyuki Sadamoto.

The character, who was originally conceived as a modern version ofVictor Frankenstein,is inspired by the personal experiences of the series' production staff, reflecting the absent, emotionally detached Japanese father figure.Neon Genesis EvangeliondirectorHideaki Anno's abusive father particularly influenced Gendo; the director also took inspiration frompsychoanalyticconcepts, especially theFreudianOedipus complex,for his development.

Critics have negatively received Gendo, describing him as one of the meanest characters and one of the nastiest parents in Japanese animation history. Reviewers criticized his unscrupulous, abusive ways, while others were more appreciative of his role in spin-offs and the manga adaptation of the series. Reviewers appreciated Gendo's role in the theatrical sagaRebuild of Evangelion,and particularly in the filmEvangelion: 3.0+1.0 Thrice Upon a Time(2021), and commented positively on his character development. Gendo's typical pose with hands clasped at mouth level has become popular, and has been homaged in other anime and manga. Merchandise on the character has also been released.

Conception

[edit]

Hideaki Anno,theNeon Genesis Evangelionanimeseries director and main screenwriter, took Gendo's name from a character in a failedGainaxstudio project, an anime that was planned beforeEvangelionbut was never produced. For his bachelor name, he chose the wordrokubungi(Lục văn nghi,lit. "sextant" );for his married name, he chose Ikari(Đĩnh,lit. "anchor" ),to connect to the names of other characters inNeon Genesis Evangelion,inspired by nautical jargon and ships of theImperial Japanese Navy.[1]The character was designed byYoshiyuki Sadamoto,mangakaof thecomic version of the series.Sadamoto was influenced by the British television seriesUFOand modeled his relationship withKozo Fuyutsukion that between Commander Ed Straker and Colonel Alec Freeman from the classic series.[2]

"Since I have also become a family man, I recognize myself in the figure of Gendo. I understand his feelings, such as his fear of not being able to get close to his son"
—Yoshiyuki Sadamoto,Neon Genesis Evangelioncharacter designer[3]

The show's production staff chose interpersonal communication, specifically intergenerational communication, as a central theme of the series[4]to reflect on the lack of communication and relational difficulties of the modern world.[5]For the psychology of the character, the protagonist's father who is unable to emotionally communicate with his son, the director took inspiration from his personality,[6]just like all the other characters in the series.[7][8]The special agency Nerv, in particular, was conceived as a metaphor for Gainax studio; Anno also described Gendo as a representation of hisshadow,the dark, unconscious side of an individual's psyche. The director stated he did not conceive Gendo as a concrete father with a blood tie to his son but as a representation of society, adding; "I don't think I projected that much [into him]".[9]

Gendo was influenced by the personal experiences of staff members, including that of Hideaki Anno,[10]whose father injured his left leg with a power saw in a youthful accident, forcing him to wear a prosthesis. According to Anno himself, his father became emotionally unstable as a result of the accident and he grew up in a tense family environment, marked by physical and emotional punishment from his father.[11] According toKazuya Tsurumaki,assistant director of the series:

A lot of families in Japan a generation ago—and perhaps even now—had fathers that were workaholics and never home. They were out of their children's lives. My own father was like that, and I hardly ever got to associate with him until quite recently. I'm the same sort of person as Hideaki Anno. That probably influences the type of anime I create.[12]

In the early design stages ofNeon Genesis Evangelion,Gainax decided to portray Gendo as a "mysterious person in behavior and words", a staunch defender of the Instrumentality Project, expressive, tumultuous, akin to a twenty-first-century Dr.Victor Frankenstein.[13][14]Over time, he would become obsessed with research, justifying any means to achieve his goal to the point of transforming his own body and becoming a digitized human being. His goal, however, would be benevolent, in the belief he could realize autopiandream capable of bringing true equality among people.[15]In the first episode of the series, Gendo would have called Shinji to fight against anAngelnamed Raziel, and in the fourth episode, titled "Fourteen years, the first day"(14 tuế, thủy まりの nhật,14-sai, hajimari no hi),he would have ignored his son on his birthday, but these ideas were discarded during the show's production.[16]

The writers originally intended Gendo would not have participated in a survey expedition toAntarctica,as in the final scenario; the original draft had him involved in a mysterious accident that would cause theDead Seato evaporate, as revealed in the twentieth episode of the show.[17]In the finale, Gendo's true goals and the true purpose of the Instrumentality Project would be revealed; the ruins of a place called Arqa(アルカ,Aruka),[18]which is never mentioned in the final version, would be revealed. The conclusion originally planned by the staff also included a scene in which Gendo, separating from his son Shinji, would have said "Live!"(Sinh きろ,Ikiro),similarly to the ending of the previous Gainax studio work,Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water.[19]

Voice

[edit]
John Swaseyvoiced Gendo in the director's cut scenes of the original series as well in theRebuild of Evangelionmovies.

Fumihiko Tachikivoiced Gendo in the original series, in the later films, spin-offs, video games[20][21]and theRebuild of Evangelionsaga. Tachiki found it difficult to empathize with or understandEvangelionand Gendo, and wondered "whether I hated or loved Gendo".[22]Tachiki was confused during the recordings; he failed to frame Gendo's laconic phrases and intentions, and was forced to ask how to recite his lines and interpret a particular phrase. He stated; "Honestly, when I first started the television series, I’d only just been exposed to the story. It turned out to be tough; I really agonized about how to make the character come across. I can't say it was a pleasant experience".[23]During recording sessions for the original series and the 1997 feature films, he received support from the staff, and Hideaki Anno and the sound director coached and directed him.[24]

Tachiki encountered similar difficulties for theRebuild of Evangelionsaga, and in particular for the third installment,Evangelion: 3.0 You Can (Not) Redo(2012), which was dubbed almost twenty years after the original series. However, Tachiki, while disconcerted by the futuristic setting and plot changes, was helped by his accumulated experience and greater maturity, due to which he acted more frankly and serenely than in the classic series.[23]For the last installment of the saga,Evangelion: 3.0+1.0 Thrice Upon a Time(2021), Tachiki remained surprised by the script, having to go over his lines several times while looking at the still-incomplete drawings of the film. The first voice-recording sessions focused on his dialogue with Fututsuki, with a colleague older than him, which allowed him to relax more during the recording phase. Despite the changes in Gendo's characterization, the staff did not ask Tachiki to dub him emotionally but naturally, without passion and particular tension. Even in the case ofThrice Upon a Time,he had difficulties, given the change of direction. Tachiki's throat hurt while he was recording a complicated scene in which he shouts Yui's name and had to raise his voice; the production asked him to convey all his emotions and feelings at that moment.[25]

In the North AmericanA.D. Visionversion of the series and the 1997 films, Gendo is voiced by Tristan MacAvery,[26][27]except for additional parts in the director's cut andRebuild,in which he is played byJohn Swasey.[28]MacAvery had difficulties when dubbing the last two episodes, which are entirely set in Shinji's inner world; "I had no idea what was going on [in the last two episodes]. I had to figure how I should read the part, flat or philosophical".[29]MacAvery and the other actors said there was nothing wrong with the English translation since the Japanese original was "incomprehensible".[29]Ray Chasevoiced Gendo in theNetflixdub,[30]while Swasey reprised his role for theAmazon Prime VideoRebuilddub.[31]

Appearances

[edit]

Neon Genesis Evangelion

[edit]

Gendo Ikari, originally named Gendo Rokubungi, is presented at the beginning of the series as a cold man head of the special agency Nerv, deputy to the annihilation of theAngels.His parents are never named in the series, and no details are given about his childhood and adolescence. His past is explored in the twenty-first episode of the series. In 1999, when he is thirty-two years old, Gendo is arrested and designates ProfessorKozo Fuyutsuki,a lecturer atKyoto University,as his guarantor. After being exonerated at the hands of the professor, Gendo becomes romantically involved withYui Ikari,a brilliant researcher and student of Fuyutsuki. The professor does not approve Gendo's actions, suspecting ulterior motives on his part.[32]Yui is linked to a secret organization named Seele, and rumors say Gendo's only interest is to get close to Seele and exploit Yui's talent. To secretly carry out Seele's plans, Gendo participates in a research group known as the Katsuragi expedition, which leaves forAntarcticato conduct experiments regarding a mechanism known as the S² engine. On September 12, 2000, Gendo leaves Antarctica with other members of the group,[33]including a man named Lorenz Keel, head of Seele.[34]The next day, in an apparent coincidence, a gigantic natural disaster known as the Second Impact occurs. After marrying Yui, Gendo changes his surname in Ikari[35][36]and, along with other members of Seele and Professor Fuyutsuki, participates in a United Nations-organized expedition to investigate the Second Impact.[37][38]A little later, Seele assigns Gendo the role of director of the Laboratory for Artificial Evolution, with the task of directing a secret plan known as Project E.[39]

In 2003, Professor Fuyutsuki collects information about the Second Impact and arrives at the Artificial Evolution Laboratory, threatening the director to make public the truth. Gendo takes him to a bunker below the Laboratory, the headquarters of an organization known as Gehirn, and invites him to collaborate "to build the new history of mankind".[40]After careful consideration, Fuyutsuki accepts the offer.[41]The following year, Gendo attends an experiment to activate an Eva calledUnit 01;due to an accident, Yui disappears and Gendo decides to leave his sonShinjito a guardian. A week after his wife's disappearance, Gendo tells Fuyutsuki about the Human Instrumentality Project,[42][43]which he describes as "the path to godhood that none have ever succeeded in before".[44]From that moment his goal changes and becomes that of reaching his deceased wife again.[45]In 2010 the Gehirn is disbanded and replaced with the special agency Nerv.[46]

In 2015, after years of silence, Gendo summons Shinji to the city of Tokyo-3 to let him pilot the Eva-01 and face the Angels.[47]He keeps a cold attitude towards his son.[48]Following the battle against the sixth AngelGaghiel,a man namedRyoji Kajigives Gendo a small, embryo-like object that is identified as the first AngelAdam.[49][50]Gendo later implants the embryo in the palm of his right hand.[51]Meanwhile, discrepancies arise between the commander and the Seele, both of which are intent on starting the Human Instrumentality Project. Gendo, unlike the Seele, decides to cause a "forbidden union" between Adam, implanted in his body, and the second Angel Lilith, whose soul is kept inside a girl namedRei Ayanami.[52]After the defeat of the last Angel, Gendo attempts to reunite with Yui, betraying Seele.[53]To implement the plan, he enters the deepest section of the headquarters, Terminal Dogma, with Rei and inserts his right hand into the girl's body so she can absorb Adam's embryo.[54]Rei, however, betrays Gendo's expectations and joins the second Angel against his will, causing his plans to fail. During Instrumentality, Gendo meets the spirit of his wife and is devoured by a projection of the Eva-01.[55][56]

Rebuild of Evangelion

[edit]

Gendo returns as a primary character inRebuild of Evangelionand appears in the first installment of the saga,Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone(2007). His character remains virtually identical to that in the anime, summoning Shinji to pilot Evangelion Unit-01.[57]In the movieEvangelion: 2.0 You Can (Not) Advance(2009), the second installment of theRebuildtetralogy, his relationship with his son appears better than that in the original anime and manga. In the film's opening sequences, Gendo and Shinji visit Yui's grave, despite communication difficulties, and later begin to more sincerely communicate their feelings and spend more time together,[58]building a more affectionate relationship than their animated counterparts.[59]Shinji, in particular, begins to connect with his parent through the nudging and encouragement ofMisato Katsuragiand, to an even greater extent, Rei Ayanami,[60]who tries to bring the two closer together by cooking them dinner.[61][62]Anno originally thought of using a similar idea for the fourth episode of the television series, "Hedgehog's Dilemma",but the proposal was shelved during production.[63]

In the following installment,Evangelion: 3.0 You Can (Not) Redo(2012), set fourteen years after the previous one, Gendo continues to pursue his Instrumentality as the commander of the Nerv, apparently reduced to Vice Commander Fuyutsuki and a boy namedKaworu Nagisa.[64]The man also presents a more aged appearance than in the classic series.[65]In the course of the film, Gendo comes into conflict with Wille, a company headed by Misato Katsuragi created to destroy the Nerv, and orders Shinji to pilot theEva 13,maintaining the same aloof attitude as fourteen years earlier.[66][67]

In the movieEvangelion: 3.0+1.0 Thrice Upon a Time(2021), Gendo, having injected an object called the Key of Nebuchadnezzar into his body, transcends humanity and enters Eva-13 to initiate the Human Instrumentality Project, and accomplishdeicideand Additional Impact, fighting with Eva-01 and Shinji inside it. Unit 01 and Unit 13, defined by Gendo as units of "hope" and "despair" respectively, are tuned and synchronized with each other; Shinji loses the fight and argues with Gendo instead of using force. Gendo speaks to his son, revealing his lonely childhood in which he was fond of the piano and not very sociable until he met his future wife. For a long time, Gendo had a connection with Mari, and at the end of the trial, he resolves his suffering[68]by embracing Shinji and asking him for forgiveness. Eva-01 and Eva-13 inflict themselves with spears, and Gendo and Yui sacrifice themselves to allow their son to continue living, reuniting for one last time.[69]

In the last two chapters ofRebuild,Gendo wears different glasses that cover his eye sockets, an idea that came fromMahiro Maeda,who wanted to give the impression Gendo was falling into darkness. Maeda, considering the eyes as the mirror of an individual's mind, wanted Gendo to have no human perspective and projected Anno onto Gendo during production, wondering what Anno's childhood had been like.[70]Megumi Hayashibara,Rei Ayanami's voice actress, said she sometimes recognized Anno in Gendo's character and sometimes in Shinji's.[71]Anno himself stated he no longer felt as close to Shinji as he once did, identifying more with Gendo.[72]At the beginning of production, assistant directorKazuya Tsurumakiinstructedmecha designerIkuto Yamashitato create a scenario in which Gendo and Shinji would clash for eternity, even after losing their bodies.[73]

In other media

[edit]

In a scene from the last episode of the animated series, a parallel universe is presented with a different story than the previous episodes; in the alternative reality, Gendo appears as a normal man who is reading a newspaper in a kitchen, and cohabits with Shinji and his wife Yui.[74]According to his newspaper, Antarctica still exists and no accident occurred at the South Pole.[75]A similar version of events occurs in the mangaShinji Ikari Raising Project.[76]In the original net parody animePetit Eva: Evangelion@School,Gendo is the principal at a school named Tokyo-3 Municipal academy "Nerv", attended by Shinji, Asuka, Rei, and the otherEvangelioncharacters;[77]he is also portrayed as a less-negative character and as a calm, strict father who act as though he has a crush onRitsukobut still loves his wife, with whom he has a good relationship.[78]

The manga version, which was written and illustrated byYoshiyuki Sadamoto,introduces more differences in Gendo's characterization and development. Sadamoto tried to portray Gendo in a more balanced way compared to Hideaki Anno's Gendo; although putting him in a negative light, Sadamoto tried to better explain the reasons for Yui's attraction towards him, emphasizing his stubbornness and representing Fuyutsuki as a rebel.[79]In the manga, Gendo leaves his son with his aunt and uncle, whereas in the animated series the identity of the guardian to whom he entrusts Shinji is not revealed.[80]In the anime, Gendo has Adam's embryo implanted in the palm of his right hand, whereas in Sadamoto's version he swallows it,[81]thus developing the ability to extend an AT Field, a directional force field characteristic of Angels and Evangelion.[82][83]Unlike the original series, the confrontation with the Angel Bardiel culminates in the death ofToji Suzuhara.[84]Gendo feels no remorse; his attitude arouses the ire of his son, who tries to punch him.[85]He saves Shinji during an attack by the Japanese Self-Defense Forces,[86]telling him he was jealous of him since birth because he suddenly became the center of his wife's attention and affection.[87]In the last chapters, he also shoots Dr. Akagi, telling her "I loved you"[88]and is in turn killed by the doctor.[89]Before he dies, he sees Yui again during the Instrumentality, and remembers the moment when he first saw his son; Yui tells him that Shinji is the fruit of their love, and Gendo passes away.[90]

Characterization

[edit]
"Gendo is the type of person who can see and think about the welfare of an organization as a whole. In other words, he'd do anything to succeed. He takes drastic and extreme measures, by fair means or foul, or by hook or by crook, in order to accomplish his own purpose. In some ways he's mean, he hardly cares about Shinji"

Gendo Ikari is a mysterious,[92]emotionally closed,[93][94]austere, determined,[95][96]calculating,[97]ruthless, and unscrupulous man.[98][99]His innate pragmatism and hisphlegmatic,selfish character, lead him to use any means to achieve his goals,[100][101]even if it means hurting other people's feelings.[102]The only people who seem to understand his thoughts are the vice-commander of the Nerv, Kozo Fuyutsuki,[103][104]and Dr. Ritsuko Akagi, who shares his philosophy.[105]Gendo flaunts a detached attitude with his subordinates, keeping calm and cool-headed in all circumstances[106]and sticking to his plans. He is confident in his war strategies; to implement them he often takes the place of the United Nations as if he considered it his right,[107]not hesitating to use Shinji and Ayanami.[108]His Japanese voice actor Fumihiko Tachiki, however, stated; "[Gendo] is not just cold or immoral. I don’t know how to articulate it, but I feel that he shows a strength that’s unique to humans."[23]

To carry out his plans, Gendo uses his subordinate Ryoji Kaji[109]and embarks on a secret affair with Dr. Naoko Akagi,[110]a scientist and researcher,[111][112]taking advantage of her scientific talents.[113]He does not actually love the woman,[114]since he considers Dr. Akagi a tool for Instrumentality and being able to meet Yui, whom he cannot forget. Naoko, realizing Gendo is exploiting her, commits suicide in 2010, after which he enters into a sexual relationship with her daughter, Ritsuko.[115]Ritsuko also realizes Gendo is using her,[116]saying that from the beginning the man never had any real expectations for her.[117][118]

Gendo is indifferent to his son's life[119]but shows an attachment to Rei,[96][120]to whom he is closer and more intimate.[121]Gendo constantly devotes himself to the Instrumentality Project following his wife's sudden death, trying at all costs to meet her again.[112]In the fifteenth episode of the series, he visits her symbolic tomb with his son, claiming "Yui made me know that something irreplaceable to me".[122]On other occasions, he shows a human character; during the battle against the AngelMatarael,he helps his men to manually operate the Evangelion units,[123][124]while shortly after the defeat of the AngelSahaquiel,he praises Shinji.[125][126]Gendo disappoints his son's expectations during the battle against the AngelBardiel,in which he has the Evangelion 03 unit destroyed without remorse, wounding and mutilating its pilot Toji Suzuhara, Shinji's friend.[127][128]

According to an encyclopedia namedEvangelion Chronicle,Gendo's behavior can be interpreted as a "reverse manifestation of affection": not wanting to hurt his son, he turns away from him.[108]A pamphlet for the filmThe End of Evangelionlikens their relationship toArthur Schopenhauer'sporcupine's dilemma.[129]Gendo's path has its climax during Instrumentality, in which he meets Yui again and asks his son's forgiveness just before dying.[130]He is then devoured by Eva-01; according to Yūichirō Oguro, editor of extra materials from the home video editions of the series, the Eva-01 visible in the sequence may be an illusion and the scene may symbolize Gendo's success in becoming one with his wife.[131]

Cultural references and themes

[edit]

According to cultural criticHiroki Azuma,Gendo's uniform is an homage toLeiji Matsumoto's seriesSpace Battleship Yamato,[132]while his pose with joined hands has been compared to that of Gargoyle, the antagonist ofNadia: The Secret of Blue Water.[133]Gendo's motto, "The hands of the clock cannot turn back", is also similar to a phrase from an earlier Gainax work; "If the overflowed water could be poured out again" fromGunBuster.[134]Japanese critic Akio Nagatomi compared Gendo to Kōichirō Ōta, also called "Coach", and his son Shinji to Noriko fromGunbuster.[135]Gendo has also been interpreted as a reflection of Shinji[136]and as a representation ofpaternalism.[23][137]Critics have interpreted the Nerv as apatriarchal society[138][139]that is commanded by an austere, dictatorial man who gives unquestionable orders, far from his son.[140][141]Writer Andrea Fontana compared the series' theme of Oedipal conflict between fathers and sons to other works in the mecha genre, such as those by directorYoshiyuki Tomino,[142]whileAnime News Network's Jonny Lobo compared the conflict between Shinji and Gendo to the world presented by the OVAMegazone 23,in which parental figures are almost absent; according to him, however,Megazoneprotagonist Shogo Yahagi rebels against the government, thede factoenforcer of patriarchy, rather than an individual like Gendo.[143]It is left to the viewer's sensibilities to decide whether the series supports or critiques themachistamasculinity model, attempting to refute the intrinsic value of the patriarchal view.[144][145]

Gendo's egocentricity has been associated by Japanese psychiatrist Kōji Mizobe with anarcissistic personality disorder.[146]Moreover, U.S. writerSusan J. Napier,noting Angels are "explicitly associated" with Gendo throughout the series, has interpreted the enemies as father figures.[139]Hideaki Anno himself described Gendo as a metaphor for the "system" and the limits imposed by society; he intentionally depicted Gendo and the Angels as "amorphous" entities, since society and the concept of the enemy are undefined for him.[9]Writer Mark MacWilliams also described the series as a portrait of childhood loneliness in a broken society where the father is constantly working, comparing this depiction to the Japanese family context and children growing up in the 1990s before the collapse ofthe speculative bubble.[147]

Gendo has been associated with religious and mythological figures and concepts, such as theGod the Fatherof the ChristianTrinity,theOedipuslegend, and thePandoralegend ofGreek mythology.

In a draft of the twenty-fourth episode of the series, which was shelved during production,Kaworu Nagisa's character would compare Gendo to Paul, the protagonist ofErich Wolfgang Korngold's operaDie tote Stadt,a character who locks himself in his home after the death of his wife, building a "Temple of the Past" with her belongings; and later meets a young woman who looks similar to his late wife and falls in love with her. The Nerv base would be a "Temple of the Past" built by Gendo.[148]In the director's-cut version of the episode, Seele also links Gendo's Instrumentality scenario to the myth ofPandora's box,which, as in the ancient Greek myth, Gendo metaphorically opens causing an uncontrollable catastrophe and releasing all of the world's evils, with only hope which remains at the bottom of the box.[149]

The series includes Gendo's dialogues about religion and the value of science,[150][151]themes already present in other works by Hideaki Anno.[152][153]Scholar Mariana Ortega compared Yui to aMadonnanursing Shinji and protecting him from Gendo, whom she associated with theGnosticfigure of thedemiurge.[154]For the Japanese critic Kotani Mari, Gendo assumes the connotations of the Supreme Being of Gnosticism, also namedMonad.[138]He has also been compared toSatan,Go Nagai'sDevilman'santagonist; unlike Seele, who follows a plan based on faith in theDead Sea Scrolls,Gendo wants to become a God himself, like afallen angelwho rebels against God.[155]

According to the bookNeon Genesis Evangelion: The Unofficial Guide,written by Kazuhisa Fujie and Martin Foster, a different spelling of the wordGendo(Ngôn động)can be translated as "conduct" and "words and behavior". This detail, together with the name of his son Shinji, which is phonetically similar to the wordshinjin(Thần nhân),"God-man",a Japanese epithet of Jesus Christ, and that of Rei Ayanami, which inkanjican be rendered as "spirit", "soul"(Linh,rei),could be linked to the ChristianTrinityand to the philosophical concept of "Logos",which inEvangelionseems to become an attribute ofGod the Father.In such a perspective, Rei represents theHoly Spirit,ShinjiGod the Son,and Gendo theGod the Father,referring to the first verses of theGospel of John:"In the beginning was the Word,and the Word was with God, and the Word was God "(John 1:1).[156]Writer Gerald Alva Miller also described Gendo's Instrumentality as an attempt to "return toEdenicbliss ".[157]

Throughout the series, Gendo becomes the object of sexual desire for Dr. Naoko Akagi and at the same time for her daughter Ritsuko, in a modern retelling of theElectra complex.[158]In the filmThe End of Evangelion,he shoots his former lover Ritsuko Akagi, telling her, "Dr. Akagi, actually...". The last part of the line was silently rendered, leaving it to the viewer to imagine the missing words; according to the interpretation of some fans, Gendo says "I need you" or "I needed you", in reference to "I need you", the title of the second half of the movie.[159]Further reference topsychoanalysisis detectable in his relationship with Rei Ayanami, to whom Gendo is emotionally close, a clone of his deceased wife, and has a tense relationship with his son.[160]Neon Genesis Evangelioncan therefore be seen as a reinterpretation of theOedipuslegend and as a story focused on theOedipus complexpostulated bySigmund Freud.[161]Anno himself comparedEvangeliontoRyū Murakami's novelAi to gensō no fascism,whose protagonist Toji Suzuhara attempts to kill the Japanese prime minister, whom he finds similar to his father, and rapes his mother, who in the novel is Japan itself.[162]Anno also describedNeon Genesis Evangelionas a story in which the Oedipal rivalry between Gendo and his son is resolved in the last episode;[163]the Eva represents a mother figure, while Gendo and the first Angel Adam represent the fathers of a "multi-layered Oedipus complex," in which Shinji "kills his father" and takes his mother away from him.[162]

Cultural impact

[edit]

Popularity

[edit]

After the conclusion of the series, Gendo emerged as the sixteenth-most-popular male character of the time in the 1996Anime Grand Prix,a large survey conducted annually by the Japanese magazineAnimage.The following year he rose to fourteenth place in the same poll, becoming the fourth-most-popular male character inNeon Genesis Evangelion.[164][165]In February 1998, the magazine ranked him sixty-fifth among the hundred-most-popular anime characters.[166]Gendo was also ranked in several surveys of the most-attractive anime characters[167][168][169]in different categories,[170][171][172][173][174]as well as in a Goo Ranking survey in which he was elected the third-most-hated father in Japanese animation.[175]The character also appeared in rankings onEvangelion'smost-beloved characters, usually in the top ten.[176][177]

Critical reception

[edit]

Gendo's character has elicited negative opinions from critics and animation fans.[178]The magazineWirednamed him among the "worst relatives in television series", calling him "the most monstrous father ever".[179]THEM Anime Reviews' Tim Jomes described him as a "creepy", frightening, "God complex"-plagued, and unpleasant man.[180]Screen Rant[181][182]and writers atComic Book Resources[183][184]listed him among the least-likable characters in the series, criticizing his abusive ways. Comic Book Resources' Jacob Buchalter similarly ranked Gendo as the second-worst character inshōnenanime.[185]Zac Bertschy, a reviewer forAnime News Network,criticized the character's manipulative, self-centered attitude, calling him a "giant douchebag"[186]and defended his son Shinji, whom he says has been unfairly criticized by fans of being cowardly or wimpy.[187]Bertschy, however, praised his characterization, naming him among the most-memorable antagonists in the history of Japanese animation: "Gendo Ikari is the worst dad ever imagined, and so it logically follows that he is also the most memorable villain. It's just science. I don't make the rules".[188]Comic Book Resources' Michael Iacono similarly named Gendo, for his "diabolical brilliance, all-or-nothing attitude, and deeply flawed character traits", among the best antagonists in anime history.[189]

Several reviewers have criticized his development. Anime News Network's Lynzee Loveridge described Gendo's betrayal and actions in the filmThe End of Evangelionas "shocking", listing them among eight betrayals that have shocked the audience.[190]Sci Fi Weekly'sTasha Robinson was disappointed with the series finale, saying it does not fully explore Gendo's motivations and abilities.[191]Anime News Network's Kenneth Lee also noted Shinji, willing to die during the fight against the Eva-04, has a similar determination to his father Gendo, saying; "it is rather frightening and interesting to see so many possible parallels between the characters", which "remain inconclusive", criticizing the series for leaving "a group of suppositions that will never be answered".[192]

Gendo is not exactly popular in Japan. Many think that he is too stern with Shinji and that he generally exudes the aura of a hard, traditional, strict father. Gendo was meant to be a strong father who should have a positive influence on Shinji so that he could grow to be more confident and adult-like. Many modern fathers in Japan are "mollycoddled" which was another reason to make Ikari Gendo into a strong father.

–Neon Genesis Evangelionassistant director Kazuya Tsurumaki[193]

Other reviewers were more appreciative of his role in spin-offs and the manga adaptation of the series.Kotaku's Richard Eisenbeis appreciated the developments and insights into Gendo's past introduced in Sadamoto's manga version, which he said are clearer and more interesting than the original series.[194]This view is echoed by Carlos Santos from Anime News Network, who praised the changes in the spin-off comicThe Shinji Ikari Raising Projectwhich, according to Santos, with its comic moments and less dark-and-twisted backgrounds than the animated series, would offer a more serene and enjoyable image of Gendo as a "hapless, comedic father which is good for a few chuckles".[195]

Gendo's role inRebuild of Evangelionalso drew criticism and praise. Anime News Network's Justin Sevakis praised the film's opening scene, in which he visits Yui's grave with Shinji, saying, "There's a warmness here, a feeling of great affection that wasn't so prevalent in the original [series]".[59]Conversely, Comic Book Resources's Angelo Delos Trinos negatively received Gendo's role inRebuild,deeming the character too powerful.[196]Anime Reignmagazine criticized Gendo's new role inEvangelion 3.0as underdeveloped and shadowy.[197]A diametrically opposite opinion was expressed by Nicoletta Christina Browne of THEM Anime Reviews; Browne stated she greatly appreciated the dynamism of the fight between Gendo's "egotistical genius" and his former Wille subordinates, which "suits this franchise perfectly".[198]

Other reviewers have praised Gendo's role in the last installment of the saga,Evangelion: 3.0+1.0 Thrice Upon a Time,in which his motivations and psychology, and his relationship with Shinji are analyzed.[199]Vulture.comwrote; "To longtimeEvafans, Gendo explaining himself feels monumental ".[200]Anime News Network's Richard Eisenbeis wrote; "Thrice Upon a Timemakes great strides in expanding and developing his character ". Eisenbeis also described its focus on Gendo as" the most important element of the film... Even if you still hate Gendo by the end of this exploration, it's hard not to empathize with him ".[201]Reviewers lauded the film for giving the character more depth, and the conflict with Shinji has a central part in the plot's development.[202][203]According toIGN's Devin Meenan,Rebuildbrings a closure to the character "that the original lacked".[204]Thrillist's Kambole Campbell described the emotional openness of Gendo and the other characters as "moving",[205]whileIndieWirelauded the fact the father-son dynamic is a central part of the story, culminating in "some of the most emotionally raw momentsEvangelionhas ever put on screen ".[206]

Merchandise and legacy

[edit]

Gendo has been used to produce merchandising items, such as sunglasses and eyeglasses,[207]collectible models,[208]shirts,[209]and culinary products.[210]Gendo has appeared in video games and spin-offs based on the original animated series, and in media unrelated to theNeon Genesis Evangelionfranchise, such as in theMillion Arthurvideo games,[211]Monster Strike,[212]andPuzzle & Dragons.[213]The character was used for campaigns ofJapan Racing Association[214]and for advertisements of theSchickrazor company, a collaboration that attracted the attention of animation fans and was renewed years after the first advertising video.[215]In 2011, he also inspired an attraction at the Japanese amusement park Fuji-Q Highland.[216]

In 2015, Gendo was used along with other characters from the series for features on the 500Type Eva,a high-speed train dedicated toEvangelion.[217]Famous people, including Minoru Takashita, president of the AnimeJapan company;[218]Takashi Kawamura, mayor ofNagoya;[219]and economist Takkaki Mitsuhashi, who founded a Cosplay Party for the2010 Japanese House of Councillors election,[220]have paid homage to Gendo by cosplaying as him. Gendo has also inspired the pose of a character that appears in the opening sequence of the video gameEvil Factory,developed by Neople.[221]

According toVice's Ricardo Contreras, Gendo's image and austere face have achieved notoriety and have reached non-animation-fan audiences, becoming "one of the most easily recognizable images of anime on the internet".[222]On the web, Gendo is often associated with the phrase; "Get in the fucking robot, Shinji", which has also gone viral. The phrase has become an internet meme and has been used for merchandise items dedicated to the series.[223][224]Screen Rant's Adam Beach noted Ragyō Kiryūin's office inKill la Killis similar to Gendo's.[225]Bleeding Coolsimilarly interpreted a line byQuentin QuirefromX-Mencomic as a reference to the "Get in the robot" meme.[226]Holland Novak fromEureka Sevenhas also been compared with Gendo.[227]Fans have renamed his characteristic pose, with his hands joined at face height, the "Gendo pose", which has been copied, homaged, and parodied in other animated series, such as Taizo Haisegawa inGintama,which is also voiced by Fumihiko Tachiki,[228]Voltron: Legendary Defender,[229]by Stella inRose Guns Days,[230]by Nifuji Hirotaka inWotakoi: Love Is Hard for Otaku,[231][232]and by Hayato in an official crossover episode betweenEvangelionandShinkansen Henkei Robo Shinkalion.[233]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^While all of the English versions romanize his given name asGendo,Gainax's website romanizes itGendoh,and some fansites romanize his name as "Gendou", which accords with the traditional romanization of the Japanesekatakana.

References

[edit]
  1. ^Anno, Hideaki (November 2, 2000)."Essay"(in Japanese).Gainax.Archived fromthe originalon February 20, 2007.RetrievedJune 12,2017.
  2. ^Interview with Yoshiyuki Sadamoto inDer Mond: The Art of Yoshiyuki Sadamoto - Deluxe Edition.Kadokawa Shoten.1999.ISBN4-04-853031-3.
  3. ^"Intervista a Yoshiyuki Sadamoto"(in Italian). 11 July 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 28 October 2018.Retrieved28 October2018.
  4. ^Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book(in Japanese). Vol. 1. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 34.
  5. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 24. Sony Magazines. pp. 25–26.
  6. ^Japan Edge: The Insider's Guide to Japanese Pop Subculture(PDF).Viz Media. 1999.ISBN156931-345-8.Archived(PDF)from the original on 21 November 2019.Retrieved12 March2021.[Anno] speaks with a different aspect of his persona through every character - from his cowardly, desolate "son", Shinji, who motivated him to createEvain the first place to the cryptic, dictatorial "father", Gendo, who the driven director was said to resemble as the series neared the wracking end of its production.
  7. ^Hạc quyển hòa tai interview.ヱヴァンゲリヲン tân kịch tràng bản: Phá toàn ký lục toàn tập(in Japanese). Ground Works. 2010. pp. 323–351.ISBN978-4-905033-00-4.
  8. ^ＥＶＡ ＳＰＥＣＩＡＬ ＴＡＬＫ ｗｉｔh am dã tú minh ＋ thượng dã tuấn tai.Newtype(in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. November 1996.
  9. ^abSanenari 1997,pp. 79–80.
  10. ^"Animerica Spotlight: Neon Genesis Evangelion".Animerica.10(7). July 2002.Evadoes seem to contain a host of personal symbols. It is said that the troubled relationship between Shinji and his distant manipulative father is based on Anno's own childhood.
  11. ^"Resurfaced Interview Sees Evangelion Creator Reveal His Father's Abusive Ways".17 September 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 29 September 2019.Retrieved29 September2019.
  12. ^Carl Gustav Horn."FLCL is the formula".Pulp-mag.com.PULP. Archived fromthe originalon May 9, 2006.RetrievedApril 18,2020.
  13. ^"Ikari Gendoh".Tân thế kỷ エヴァンゲリオンPHOTO FILE Eve(in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. 1996. p. 64.ISBN4-04-852661-8.
  14. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 16. Sony Magazines. p. 28.
  15. ^Gainax (February 1998).Neon Genesis Evangelion Newtype 100% Collection(in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. p. 87.ISBN4-04-852700-2.
  16. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 18. Sony Magazines. pp. 25–26.
  17. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 19. Sony Magazines. pp. 25–26.
  18. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 20. Sony Magazines. pp. 25–26.
  19. ^Takekuma 1997,p. 140.
  20. ^"Neon Genesis Evangelion Iron Maiden 2nd"(in Japanese). Archived fromthe originalon 3 February 2014.Retrieved12 September2020.
  21. ^"Tổng lưu ・アスカ・ラングレー dịch の thanh ưu cung thôn ưu tử さんへのアフレコインタビュー!".Broccoli.co.jp(in Japanese). BROCCOLI.Archivedfrom the original on April 22, 2016.RetrievedMarch 31,2017.
  22. ^Gainax,ed. (1997). "Xuất diễn giả コメント".Death & Rebirth Program Book(in Japanese).
  23. ^abcdヱヴァンゲリヲン tân kịch tràng bản:Q ký lục tập(in Japanese). November 17, 2012. pp. 62–63.
  24. ^"Thanh ノ xuất diễn".The End of Evangelion Theatrical Pamphlet(in Japanese).Gainax.1997.
  25. ^"Fumihiko Tachiki as Gendo Ikari".Evangelion 3.0+1.0 Theatrical Pamphlet(in Japanese). Japan. 2021. pp. 52–53.ASINB08Y85RJ9Q.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  26. ^Charles Solomon (10 April 2002)."Anime Series Draws on a World of Alienation".Los Angeles Times.Archivedfrom the original on 5 March 2016.Retrieved28 October2018.
  27. ^"Tristan MacAvery".Archivedfrom the original on 6 April 2016.Retrieved28 October2018.
  28. ^"From Golden Boy to Made in Abyss, Introducing John Swasey!".Archivedfrom the original on 28 February 2020.Retrieved28 October2018.
  29. ^ab"Otakon Highlights - Evangelion Voice Actors".7 August 1998. Archived fromthe originalon 17 June 2008.Retrieved25 April2020.
  30. ^"Neon Genesis Evangelion Ultimate Edition Blu-ray Details Revealed, Pre-orders Open, Available 6th December".Animeuknews.net.Anime UK News. 19 August 2021.Archivedfrom the original on 4 December 2021.Retrieved5 December2021.
  31. ^Lauren Massuda (7 August 2021)."'Rebuild of Evangelion' Movies Get New English Dub Cast Ahead of Prime Video Release ".Collider.Archivedfrom the original on 12 August 2021.Retrieved21 November2021.
  32. ^Poggio 2008,p. 76.
  33. ^Porori 2009,p. 40.
  34. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 1. Sony Magazines. p. 14.
  35. ^Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book(in Japanese). Vol. 1.Kadokawa Shoten.p. 45.
  36. ^Gainax, ed. (1997). "Dụng ngữ tập".Death & Rebirth Program Book (Special Edition)(in Japanese).
  37. ^Porori 2010,p. 66.
  38. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 28. Sony Magazines. pp. 9–10.
  39. ^Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book(in Japanese). Vol. 8.Kadokawa Shoten.p. 27.
  40. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 1. Sony Magazines. pp. 15–16.
  41. ^Gainax, ed. (1997). "Tác phẩm nội niên biểu".Death & Rebirth Program Book(in Japanese).
  42. ^Porori 2010,pp. 64–65.
  43. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 2. Sony Magazines. pp. 13–14.
  44. ^Porori 2010,pp. 68–69.
  45. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 27. Sony Magazines. p. 6.
  46. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 2. Sony Magazines. p. 16.
  47. ^Porori 2010,pp. 44–45.
  48. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 6. Sony Magazines. p. 6.
  49. ^Porori 2009,p. 83.
  50. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 10. Sony Magazines. p. 16.
  51. ^Porori 2010,p. 81.
  52. ^Porori 2010,p. 100.
  53. ^Porori 2010,p. 90.
  54. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 27. Sony Magazines. p. 8.
  55. ^Porori 2010,pp. 10–11.
  56. ^Hideaki Anno,Kazuya Tsurumaki,Masayuki (directors) (1997).Neon Genesis Evangelion: The End of Evangelion(Film).Studio Gainax.
  57. ^Hideaki Anno,Kazuya Tsurumaki,Masayuki (directors) (2007).Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone(Film).Studio Khara.
  58. ^Theron, Martin (March 31, 2011)."Evangelion 2.22: You Can (Not) Advance".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on June 15, 2018.RetrievedJanuary 23,2021.
  59. ^abSevakis, Justin (24 November 2009)."Evangelion: 2.0 You Can Not Advance".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on 25 October 2018.Retrieved2 December2009.
  60. ^Nicoletta Christina Browne."Evangelion 2.0: You Can (Not) Advance".Archivedfrom the original on 2 August 2018.Retrieved29 October2018.
  61. ^Chris Beveridge (9 August 2010)."Neon Genesis Evangelion Movie 2.22 You Can [Not] Advance".Mania.com.Archived fromthe originalon 30 December 2011.
  62. ^Hideaki Anno,Kazuya Tsurumaki,Masayuki (directors) (2009).Evangelion: 2.0 You Can (Not) Advance(Film).Studio Khara.
  63. ^"Am dã tú minh".ヱヴァンゲリヲン tân kịch tràng bản: Phá toàn ký lục toàn tập(in Japanese). Ground Works. 2010. pp. 352–385.ISBN978-4-905033-00-4.
  64. ^"Evangelion 3.0: You Can (Not) Comprehend".19 November 2012.Archivedfrom the original on 31 October 2018.Retrieved30 October2018.
  65. ^From the officialYou Can (Not) Advancefilm book, page 21.
  66. ^Bertschy, Zac (February 2, 2016)."Evangelion 3.33: You Can (Not) Redo".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on September 29, 2019.RetrievedJanuary 30,2021.
  67. ^Hideaki Anno,Kazuya Tsurumaki,Masayuki (directors) (2013).Evangelion: 3.0 You Can (Not) Redo(Film).Studio Khara.
  68. ^Evangelion 3.0+1.0 Theatrical Pamphlet.Japan. 2021. pp. 28–30.ASINB08Y85RJ9Q.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  69. ^Hideaki Anno,Kazuya Tsurumaki,Katsuichi Nakayama,Mahiro Maeda(directors) (2021).Evangelion: 3.0+1.0 Thrice Upon a Time(Film).Studio Khara.
  70. ^Evangelion 3.0+1.0 Theatrical Pamphlet.Japan. 2021. pp. 66–69.ASINB08Y85RJ9Q.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  71. ^Evangelion 3.0+1.0 Theatrical Pamphlet.Japan. 2021. pp. 22–24.ASINB08Y85RJ9Q.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  72. ^"“Am dã さん, tốt nghiệp おめでとう” tự phương huệ mỹ が chấn り phản る, am dã tú minh と đĩnh シンジとの25 niên ".Movie Walker Press(in Japanese). March 23, 2021.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-10-19.Retrieved2021-04-16.
  73. ^Ikuto Yamashita."Sơn hạ いくと@エヴァンゲリオンANIMA toàn 5 quyển".Twitter(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on 27 August 2021.Retrieved22 October2021.
  74. ^Napier, Susan J.(November 2002)."When the Machines Stop: Fantasy, Reality, and Terminal Identity inNeon Genesis EvangelionandSerial Experiments Lain".Science Fiction Studies.29(88): 426–427.ISSN0091-7729.Archivedfrom the original on June 26, 2019.RetrievedMay 4,2007.
  75. ^Neon Genesis Evangelion Platinum Edition Booklets.Vol. 8. A.D. Vision. 2005.
  76. ^"Tân thế kỷ エヴァンゲリオン đĩnh シンジ dục thành kế họa (1)"(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on 11 August 2016.Retrieved14 October2015.
  77. ^"Petit Eva Super-Deformed Series to Be Made into Video".6 August 2007.Archivedfrom the original on 25 May 2019.Retrieved29 October2018.
  78. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 36. Sony Magazines. p. 22.
  79. ^From the interview with Sadamoto and Tsurumaki annexed to the last chapter.
  80. ^Carl Gustav Horn."Gendo Ikari".Neon Genesis Evangelion.Vol. 10. Viz Media.
  81. ^Carl Gustav Horn."Gendo Ikari".Neon Genesis Evangelion.Vol. 12. Viz Media.
  82. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 40. Sony Magazines. p. 21.
  83. ^Yoshiyuki Sadamoto (March 31, 2011).Tân thế kỷ エヴァンゲリオン công thức ガイドブック(in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. p. 71.ISBN978-4-04-715671-5.
  84. ^Enrico Fornaroli (2015). "Chronicles".Neon Genesis Evangelion(in Italian). Vol. 7. Panini Comis.
  85. ^Yoshiyuki Sadamoto (March 31, 2011).Tân thế kỷ エヴァンゲリオン công thức ガイドブック(in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. p. 85.ISBN978-4-04-715671-5.
  86. ^Yoshiyuki Sadamoto (March 31, 2011).Tân thế kỷ エヴァンゲリオン công thức ガイドブック(in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. p. 87.ISBN978-4-04-715671-5.
  87. ^Yoshiyuki Sadamoto (March 31, 2011).Tân thế kỷ エヴァンゲリオン công thức ガイドブック(in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. p. 45.ISBN978-4-04-715671-5.
  88. ^"Stage 85: Betrayal".Neon Genesis Evangelion.Vol. 13. Viz Media. November 2, 2012.ISBN978-1-4215-5291-0.
  89. ^"Stage 88: Black Moon".Neon Genesis Evangelion.Vol. 13. Viz Media. November 2, 2012.ISBN978-1-4215-5291-0.
  90. ^"Stage 92: Birthday".Neon Genesis Evangelion.Vol. 14. Viz Media. 2014.ISBN978-1-4215-7835-4.
  91. ^Miyako Graham, ed. (1996). "Anecdotes from Mr. Hideaki Anno".Protoculture Addicts.No. 43. pp. 40–41.
  92. ^Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book(in Japanese). Vol. 6.Kadokawa Shoten.p. 4.
  93. ^Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book(in Japanese). Vol. 1.Kadokawa Shoten.p. 6.
  94. ^"Evangelion Characters"(in Japanese).Gainax.Archived fromthe originalon 18 September 2015.Retrieved20 April2020.
  95. ^Fujie & Foster 2004,p. 82.
  96. ^ab"Cast".Evangelion New Collection(in Italian). Vol. 1. Panini Comis. 2015.
  97. ^"Spotlight: Evangelion".Protoculture Addicts(39). Protoculture Inc.: 20 March 1996.
  98. ^"Characters".Gainax.Archived fromthe originalon November 27, 1999.RetrievedApril 18,2020.
  99. ^Fujie & Foster 2004,p. 172.
  100. ^Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book(in Japanese). Vol. 7.Kadokawa Shoten.p. 4.
  101. ^Porori 2010,p. 25.
  102. ^Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book(in Japanese). Vol. 9.Kadokawa Shoten.p. 4.
  103. ^Porori 2009,p. 25.
  104. ^Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book(in Japanese). Vol. 7.Kadokawa Shoten.p. 70.
  105. ^Porori 2010,p. 27.
  106. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 46. Sony Magazines. p. 6.
  107. ^Porori 2009,p. 48.
  108. ^abPorori 2009,pp. 22–23.
  109. ^Porori 2009,p. 29.
  110. ^According to the official filmbooks of the series, the beginning of their relationship may predate his wife's death. (Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book(in Japanese). Vol. 8. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 33.).
  111. ^Porori 2009,p. 27.
  112. ^abEvangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 6. Sony Magazines. pp. 7–8.
  113. ^Porori 2010,p. 31.
  114. ^Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book(in Japanese). Vol. 8. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 36.
  115. ^Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book(in Japanese). Vol. 9. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 42.
  116. ^Porori 2010,p. 29.
  117. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 27. Sony Magazines. p. 15.
  118. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 49. Sony Magazines. p. 2.
  119. ^Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book(in Japanese). Vol. 1. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 74.
  120. ^Porori 2009,p. 9.
  121. ^Porori 2009,p. 13.
  122. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 16. Sony Magazines. p. 16.
  123. ^Poggio 2008,p. 34.
  124. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 44. Sony Magazines. p. 29.
  125. ^Oguro, Yūichirō."Đệ 45 hồi エヴァ tạp ký “Đệ thập 弐 thoại kỳ tích の価 trị は” "(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on March 1, 2021.RetrievedJuly 23,2020.
  126. ^Evangelion Chronicle(in Japanese). Vol. 45. Sony Magazines. p. 11.
  127. ^Poggio 2008,p. 62.
  128. ^Fujie & Foster 2004,p. 22.
  129. ^"Note".The End of Evangelion Theatrical Pamphlet(in Japanese).Gainax.1997.
  130. ^Porori 2010,p. 96.
  131. ^Đệ 62 hồi エヴァ tạp ký “Đệ 26 thoại まごころを, quân に”(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on January 2, 2021.RetrievedJanuary 27,2021.
  132. ^Krystian Woznicki (September 1991). "Towards a cartography of Japanese anime – Anno Hideaki's Evangelion Interview with Azuma Hiroki".Blimp Filmmagazine.Tokuma Shoten.
  133. ^"7 cose che forse non sapevate su Nadia – Il mistero della pietra azzurra"(in Italian). 5 February 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 20 April 2020.Retrieved27 April2020.
  134. ^Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book(in Japanese). Vol. 8. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 54.
  135. ^Nagatomi, Akio."Shinseiki Evangelion Review Pages – Episode 8: Asuka Strikes!".Abcb.com.The Animé Café.Archivedfrom the original on 2 August 2018.Retrieved31 May2021.
  136. ^Brittanie Maldonado (28 September 2021)."Evangelion: 10 Things You Didn't Know About Shinji And Gendo's Relationship".Comic Book Resources.Archivedfrom the original on 11 October 2021.Retrieved21 October2021.
  137. ^Oguro, Yūichirō (May 23, 2006)."Đệ 37 hồi エヴァ tạp ký “Đệ tứ thoại vũ, đào げ xuất した hậu” ".Style.fm(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on October 10, 2018.RetrievedApril 17,2020.
  138. ^abMari, Kotani (1997). "Evangelion as the Immaculate Virgin".Thánh mẫu エヴァンゲリオン―A new millennialist perspective on the daughters of Eve.Magazine House.ISBN483870917X.
  139. ^abNapier, Susan J. (2005).Anime – From Akira to Howl's Moving Castle.p.99.ISBN1-4039-7052-1.
  140. ^Haslem, Wendy; Ndalianis, Angela; Mackie, Christopher J. (2007).Super/heroes: from Hercules to Superman.Washington, DC: New Academia Pub. p. 121.ISBN978-0977790845.OCLC123026083.
  141. ^Traphagan, John W.; Hashimoto, Akiko (2009).Imagined Families, Lived Families Culture and Kinship in Contemporary Japan.State University of New York Press. p. 42.ISBN978-0-7914-7577-5.
  142. ^Fontana, Andrea; Tarò, Davide (2007).Anime. Storia dell'animazione giapponese 1984–2007(in Italian). Il Foglio Letterario. p. 101.ISBN978-88-7606-160-8.
  143. ^Lobo, Jonny (3 May 2021)."Anno, Itano, and the Apocalypse: Intergenerational Struggle in Megazone 23 and Neon Genesis Evangelion".Archivedfrom the original on 11 May 2021.Retrieved10 May2021.
  144. ^Poggio 2008,p. 9.
  145. ^Neon Genesis Evangelion Platinum Booklet.Vol. 1. ADV.
  146. ^Mizobe, Koji (2011)."Tân thế kỷ エヴァンゲリオンにみる tư xuân kỳ khóa đề と tinh thần chướng hại"(PDF).Địa vực chi viện tâm lý nghiên cứu センター kỷ yếu(in Japanese) (8). Truy thủ môn học viện đại học.Archived(PDF)from the original on 17 August 2018.Retrieved24 February2021.
  147. ^Macwilliams, Mark Wheeler (2008).Japanese Visual Culture: Explorations in the World of Manga and Anime.M.E. Sharpe. p.10.ISBN978-0-7656-1601-2.
  148. ^Biệt sách JUNE(in Japanese). Magazine Magazine. September 1996.
  149. ^Poggio 2008,p. 72.
  150. ^Gualtiero Cannarsi.Evangelion Encyclopedia(in Italian). Vol. 6. Dynamic Italia. pp. 28–29.
  151. ^Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book(in Japanese). Vol. 4. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 54.
  152. ^Poggio 2008,p. 35.
  153. ^Gualtiero Cannarsi.Evangelion Encyclopedia(in Italian). Vol. 6. Dynamic Italia. p. 16.
  154. ^Ortega, Mariana (2007). "My Father, He Killed Me; My Mother, She Ate Me: Self, Desire, Engendering, and the Mother in Neon Genesis Evangelion".Mechademia.2:225.doi:10.1353/mec.0.0010.ISBN978-0-8166-5266-2.S2CID120554645.
  155. ^Brignola, Cristiano; Tedeschi, Francesco (2020).Evangelion for Dummy (Plugs)(in Italian). Dynit Manga. p. 146.ISBN978-8833551111.
  156. ^Fujie & Foster 2004,p. 121.
  157. ^Miller 2012,p. 86.
  158. ^Poggio 2008,p. 47.
  159. ^Allan, Laura (14 June 2019)."Insane Fan Theories About The End of Evangelion".Archivedfrom the original on 11 July 2020.Retrieved11 July2020.
  160. ^Justin Wu (11 July 2013)."Neon Genesis Evangelion: The Legacy of Rei Ayanami".The Artifice.Archivedfrom the original on 18 March 2016.Retrieved17 April2020.
  161. ^Poggio 2008,p. 93.
  162. ^abSanenari 1997,pp. 86–87.
  163. ^Oguro, Yūichirō (June 22, 2006)."Đệ 59 hồi エヴァ tạp ký “Tối chung thoại thế giới の trung tâm でアイを khiếu んだけもの” ".Style.fm(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on April 2, 2016.RetrievedApril 17,2020.
  164. ^"Đệ 18 hồi アニメグランプリ［1996 niên 5 nguyệt hào ］".Tokuma Shoten.Archived fromthe originalon 19 October 2010.
  165. ^"Đệ 19 hồi アニメグランプリ［1997 niên 6 nguyệt hào ］".Tokuma Shoten.Archived fromthe originalon 19 October 2010.
  166. ^"Minh けましてパクト100".Animage(in Japanese).Tokuma Shoten.February 1998.
  167. ^"Male Otaku Names The Anime Heroes They Would Like to Have as a Boyfriend".31 August 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 31 October 2018.Retrieved30 October2018.
  168. ^"7 Anime for Grown-Up Romantics".22 August 2015.Archivedfrom the original on 31 October 2018.Retrieved30 October2018.
  169. ^"Áo さんが tiện ましい! Tối cường の ái thê gia キャラランキング 21 vị から27 vị"(in Japanese). 25 September 2017.Archivedfrom the original on 31 October 2018.Retrieved30 October2018.
  170. ^"Fans Weigh In On" Most Attractive Anime Characters With Facial Hair "".14 August 2015.Archivedfrom the original on 31 October 2018.Retrieved30 October2018.
  171. ^"アニメ sử thượng tối も渋くてカッコいい “おじさん” キャラランキング 11 vị から20 vị "(in Japanese). 1 October 2016.Archivedfrom the original on 31 October 2018.Retrieved30 October2018.
  172. ^"Tri ってた? Thật は cao học lịch だった ý ngoại なアニメキャラランキング 1 vị から10 vị"(in Japanese). 27 May 2017.Archivedfrom the original on 31 October 2018.Retrieved30 October2018.
  173. ^"Lãnh たい thị tuyến が tối cao! イケメン vô biểu tình キャラランキング 21 vị から30 vị"(in Japanese). 29 October 2017.Archivedfrom the original on 31 October 2018.Retrieved30 October2018.
  174. ^"Tối cao にかっこいい! Phụ キャラランキング 11 vị から18 vị"(in Japanese). 21 August 2018.Archivedfrom the original on 31 October 2018.Retrieved30 October2018.
  175. ^"Phụ thân だったら tuyệt đối ヤダ! と tư うアニメの phụ キャラランキング"(in Japanese). 27 October 2016.Archivedfrom the original on 31 October 2018.Retrieved30 October2018.
  176. ^"Nữ tử が hảo きな『 tân thế kỷ エヴァンゲリオン』キャラクターTOP3/ 1 vị はなんとあの hiếp dịch!"(in Japanese). July 24, 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 30 September 2019.Retrieved30 September2019.
  177. ^"Ranking"(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on 4 August 2020.Retrieved13 September2020.
  178. ^Ajay Aravind (8 March 2021)."Neon Genesis Evangelion: 10 Times The Anime Went Too Far".Comic Book Resources.Archivedfrom the original on 9 March 2021.Retrieved25 March2021.
  179. ^Samantha Bosco (2 January 2018)."I peggiori parenti delle serie tv"(in Italian).Archivedfrom the original on 3 April 2021.Retrieved3 January2019.
  180. ^"Neon Genesis Evangelion".Archivedfrom the original on 25 April 2017.Retrieved24 April2017.
  181. ^Shaddock, Chris (19 January 2021)."Neon Genesis Evangelion: Best & Worst Characters, Ranked".Screen Rant.Archivedfrom the original on 1 February 2021.Retrieved28 January2021.
  182. ^Mitra, Ritwik (16 January 2021)."Neon Genesis Evangelion: The Main Characters, Ranked From Worst To Best By Character Arc".Screen Rant.Archivedfrom the original on 7 February 2021.Retrieved28 January2021.
  183. ^Ajay Aravind (2 December 2020)."Neon Genesis Evangelion: Every Main Character, Ranked By Likability".Comic Book Resources.Archivedfrom the original on 21 January 2021.Retrieved28 January2021.
  184. ^Kristty Ambrose (10 January 2021)."10 Anime Villains From The '90s That Would Not Work Today".Archivedfrom the original on 13 February 2021.Retrieved5 February2021.
  185. ^Jacob Buchalter (15 April 2020)."The Top 10 Worst Shonen Characters Of All Time, Ranked".Archivedfrom the original on 24 April 2020.Retrieved27 April2020.
  186. ^"Evangelion: 1.0 You Are [Not] Alone".Archivedfrom the original on 20 May 2019.Retrieved7 October2021.
  187. ^Zac Bertschy (21 June 2019).""Get In The Robot, Shinji"".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on 13 July 2019.Retrieved12 September2019.
  188. ^"Your Most Memorable Anime Villain".Anime News Network. 3 February 2016.Archivedfrom the original on 4 July 2017.Retrieved24 April2017.
  189. ^"5 Of The Greatest Anime Villains Of All Time (& 5 Of The Lamest)".13 February 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 2 March 2020.Retrieved27 April2020.
  190. ^Lynzee Loveridge (26 January 2013)."8 Shocking Betrayals Out of Left Field".Archivedfrom the original on 15 July 2017.Retrieved30 October2018.
  191. ^Robinson, Tasha (21 September 1998)."Neon Genesis Evangelion 0:11-0:13".Sci-Fy Weekly. Archived fromthe originalon 4 March 2009.Retrieved14 April2021.
  192. ^Kenneth, Lee (9 September 1998)."The Thin Veneer Known as" Evangelion "".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on 24 July 2017.Retrieved2021-02-27.
  193. ^"Interview mit Tsurumaki Kazuya (Studio GAINAX)"(in German). Anime No Tomodachi.Archivedfrom the original on September 3, 2017.RetrievedSeptember 8,2013.
  194. ^Eisenbeis, Richard (12 July 2013)."The Evangelion Manga Is Finally Over, and What a Ride It Was".Kotaku.com.Kotaku.Archivedfrom the original on July 14, 2019.Retrieved26 May2021.
  195. ^Carlos Santos (20 July 2010)."Ultimo's Sweet Home".Archivedfrom the original on 3 April 2021.Retrieved30 October2018.
  196. ^Angelo Delos Trinos (23 March 2021)."10 Ways The Rebuild Movies Made Evangelion Worse".Archivedfrom the original on 3 April 2021.Retrieved7 October2021.
  197. ^"Neon Genesis Evangelion 3.0".Anime Reign Magazine.1(2). World Anime Club: 32. 2013.
  198. ^Browne, Nicoletta Christina (March 2016)."THEM Anime Reviews 4.0 - Evangelion 3.0: You Can (Not) Redo".www.themanime.org.Archivedfrom the original on 7 March 2019.Retrieved9 February2021.
  199. ^Brendan Frye (16 August 2021)."Evangelion: 3.0+1.0 Thrice Upon a Time Review".CGM Online.Archivedfrom the original on 23 November 2021.Retrieved6 December2021.
  200. ^Eric Vilas-Boas (24 August 2021)."Evangelion 3.0+1.0 Annihilates Its Own Animation to Reveal Itself".Vulture.com.Vulture.Archivedfrom the original on 20 November 2021.Retrieved6 December2021.
  201. ^Richard Eisenbeis (9 March 2021)."Evangelion: 3.0+1.0: Thrice Upon A Time".Animenewsnetwork.com.Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on 10 March 2021.Retrieved6 December2021.
  202. ^Adlakha, Siddhant (31 July 2021)."The final Evangelion movie brings the series to a powerful close".Polygon.com.Polygon.Archivedfrom the original on 5 October 2021.Retrieved27 November2021.
  203. ^Reuben Baron (15 August 2021)."Evangelion: 3.0 + 1.01 Thrice Upon A Time Justifies the Rebuild Movies' Existence".Cbr.com.Comic Book Resources.Archivedfrom the original on 28 August 2021.Retrieved6 December2021.
  204. ^Meenan, Devin (22 October 2021)."Why Gendo Ikari Is What Neon Genesis Evangelion Is Really All About".IGN.Archivedfrom the original on 3 January 2022.Retrieved27 January2022.
  205. ^Kambole Campbell (14 August 2021)."'Evangelion 3.0+1.0: Thrice Upon a Time' Ends the Legendary Anime Once and for All ".Thrillist.Archivedfrom the original on 16 August 2021.Retrieved6 December2021.
  206. ^Motamayor, Rafael (16 August 2021)."'Evangelion: 3.0+1.0 Thrice Upon a Time' Review: Hideaki Anno's Iconic Anime Finally Gets a Proper Ending ".IndieWire.Indie Wire.Archivedfrom the original on 21 November 2021.Retrieved27 November2021.
  207. ^"Own Gendo's Visor and Misato's Sunglasses from Evangelion".30 December 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 17 June 2018.Retrieved18 July2017.
  208. ^Porori 2009,p. 117.
  209. ^"EVANGELION with TOKYO STREET 36×XLARGE đĩnh ゲンドウ"(in Japanese). Archived fromthe originalon 18 July 2017.Retrieved18 July2017.
  210. ^"エヴァ tửu tràng khai điếm “ゲンドウ đậu のさつま dương げ” “Kiến tri らぬ, thiên tỉnh” と phong phú なメニュー "(in Japanese). 14 November 2018.Archivedfrom the original on 13 November 2020.Retrieved3 January2019.
  211. ^"Gendo Finally Steps Up as Support Character in Kai-Ri-Sei Million Arthur Mobile Game".15 June 2016.Archivedfrom the original on 31 October 2018.Retrieved30 October2018.
  212. ^"【パズドラ】 xác định đĩnh ゲンドウガチャは tuyệt đối mãi おう! 壊れスキルで hà thể いても tổn はしない!"(in Japanese). AppBank. 9 July 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 13 April 2021.Retrieved13 April2021.
  213. ^"Đĩnh ゲンドウ& đông nguyệt コウゾウの bình 価・ thích chính, モンスト công lược ban の độc tự bình 価は? わくわくの thật も giải thuyết! 【エヴァンゲリオン】"(in Japanese). AppBank. 4 May 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 13 April 2021.Retrieved13 April2021.
  214. ^Scott Green (14 June 2012)."Evangelion Promotes Japanese Racing Association".Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2018.Retrieved24 August2018.
  215. ^"7 Strangest Pieces of Evangelion Merchandise".24 December 2016.Archivedfrom the original on 2 January 2021.Retrieved30 October2018.
  216. ^"A Look at Fuji-Q Highland's Evangelion World".26 November 2011.Archivedfrom the original on 31 October 2018.Retrieved30 October2018.
  217. ^Brittany Vincent (6 February 2018)."The Evangelion Bullet Train Will Pull Into The Station One Final Time This May".Archivedfrom the original on 25 September 2018.Retrieved24 August2018.
  218. ^Michelle Ngueyen (31 October 2016)."Japan's Politicians Dress in Cosplay, are Cooler Than Ours".Archivedfrom the original on 1 November 2016.Retrieved6 August2017.
  219. ^"エヴァファン tất kiến! Danh cổ ốc thị ・ hà thôn たかし thị trường が “Đĩnh ゲンドウ” のコスプレで đăng tràng!! "(in Japanese). 2 August 2017.Archivedfrom the original on 6 August 2017.Retrieved6 August2017.
  220. ^Brian Ashcraft (7 June 2010)."Who Say Politics and Cosplay Don't Mix?".Archivedfrom the original on 6 August 2017.Retrieved6 August2017.
  221. ^"ダサいゲームは tác らない! レトロゲームファンが nhận める『エビルファクトリー』 khai phát の chiến lược は" soa biệt hóa "と" かっこよさ "!? 【NDC17】"(in Japanese). 28 April 2017.Archivedfrom the original on 28 April 2017.Retrieved30 October2018.
  222. ^"'Evangelion' Presents: Gendo Ikari, Anime's Worst Dad ".12 July 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 9 September 2019.Retrieved12 September2019.
  223. ^"What Is 'Neon Genesis Evangelion,' and Why Is It Such a Big Deal That It's on Netflix?".19 June 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 7 August 2019.Retrieved12 September2019.
  224. ^"10 Evangelion Logic Memes That Are Too Hilarious For Words".7 November 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 17 December 2019.Retrieved17 December2019.
  225. ^Adam Beach (4 August 2021)."Evangelion: 5 Anime The Series Influenced (5 It Was Influenced By)".Screen Rant.Archivedfrom the original on 7 August 2021.Retrieved21 October2021.
  226. ^Rich Johnston (12 August 2024)."This Week's X-Men #2 Does Neon Genesis Evangelion (Spoilers)".Bleeding Cool.Retrieved30 September2024.
  227. ^Andrea Peduzzi (24 June 2019)."Eureka Seven è il meglio che puoi fare senza un genio per casa"(in Italian).Archivedfrom the original on 19 July 2020.Retrieved19 July2020.
  228. ^"10 References & Parodies You Missed In Gintama".7 December 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 17 December 2019.Retrieved17 December2019.
  229. ^"Voltron: What To Watch Next?".14 December 2018.Archivedfrom the original on 4 January 2019.Retrieved3 January2019.
  230. ^Ryukishi07(2016).Rose Guns Days Season 1.Vol. 4. Hachette UK.ISBN978-0-316-39155-9.Archivedfrom the original on 31 October 2018.Retrieved30 October2018.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  231. ^"Wotakoi: Love is Hard for Otaku".21 April 2018.Archivedfrom the original on 31 October 2018.Retrieved30 October2018.
  232. ^Angelo Delos Trinos (16 September 2021)."10 Anime That Referenced Neon Genesis Evangelion".Comic Book Resources.Archivedfrom the original on 25 September 2021.Retrieved20 October2021.
  233. ^"Kids' Anime Shinkalion Episode 17 Parodies Evangelion".3 May 2018.Archivedfrom the original on 29 October 2018.Retrieved30 October2018.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Sanenari, Oizumi (1997).Anno Hideaki Sukidzo Evangerion(in Japanese). Ōta Shuppan.ISBN4-87233-315-2.
  • Takekuma, Kentaro (1997).Anno Hideaki Parano Evangerion(in Japanese). Ōta Shuppan.ISBN4-87233-316-0.
  • Fujie, Kazuhisa; Foster, Martin (2004).Neon Genesis Evangelion: The Unofficial Guide.United States: DH Publishing, Inc.ISBN0-9745961-4-0.
  • Poggio, Alessandra (2008).Neon Genesis Evangelion Encyclopedia(in Italian). Dynit.
  • Porori, Syunsou (2009).The Essential Evangelion Chronicle: Side A(in French).Glénat Editions.ISBN978-2-7234-7120-6.
  • Porori, Syunsou (2010).The Essential Evangelion Chronicle: Side B(in French).Glénat Editions.ISBN978-2-7234-7121-3.
  • Yamashita, Ikuto (2010).Neon Genesis Evangelion Anima Visual Book(in Japanese). ASCII Media Works.ISBN978-4048685269.
  • Miller, Gerald Alva Jr. (2012).Exploring the Limits of the Human Through Science Fiction.Palgrave Macmillan.ISBN978-1-137-26285-1.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gendo_Ikari&oldid=1255145540"