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Georges Henri Halphen

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Georges-Henri Halphen
Born(1844-10-30)30 October 1844
Rouen, France
Died23 May 1889(1889-05-23)(aged 44)
Versailles, France
NationalityFrench
Alma materÉcole Polytechnique
SpouseRose Marguerite Aron
Scientific career
FieldsMathematics
ThesisSur les invariants différentiels(1878)

Georges-Henri Halphen(French:[ʒɔʀʒɑ̃ʁialfɛn];30 October 1844,Rouen– 23 May 1889,Versailles) was aFrenchmathematician.He was known for his work ingeometry,particularly inenumerative geometryand thesingularity theoryofalgebraic curves,inalgebraic geometry.He also worked oninvariant theoryandprojective differential geometry.[1][2]

Biography

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He did his studies atÉcole Polytechnique(X 1862), where he graduated in 1866. He continued his education at École d'Application de l'Artillerie et du Génie de Metz. As a lieutenant of Artillery he was sent Auxonne first and then to Strasbourg.[2]In 1872, Halphen settled in Paris, where he became a lecturer at the École Polytechnique and began his scientific studies. He completed his dissertation in 1878.[3]In 1872 he married Rose Marguerite Aron, with whom he had eight children, four sons and four daughters. Of the four sons, three joined the military and two of them died in World War I.Louis Halphen(1880-1950) was a French historian specialized in medivial times; Charles Halphen (1885-1915), was deputy secretary of theSociété mathématique de France.One of his grandsons wasÉtienne Halphen(1911–1954), who did significant work in applied statistics.[4]

Awards

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Georges-Henri Halphen received in the Steiner prize of the Prussian Academy of Sciences in 1882 along withMax Noether.In 1881 Halphen received the Grand Prix of theAcadémie des sciencesfor his work on linear differential equations:Mémoire sur la Reduction des Equations Différentielles Linéaires aux Formes Intégrales.[5]He received thePrix Ponceletin 1883[6][7]and thePrix Petit d'Ormoyin 1885.[8]He was elected to theAcadémie des sciencesin 1886 in theSection de Géométrie,replacing the deceasedJean Claude Bouquet.[2]In 1887 Halphen was elected to theAccademia dei Linceiin Rome.[9]

Works

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  • Oeuvres de G.H. Halphen,in 4 vols. edited byCamille Jordan,Henri Poincaré,Charles Émile Picardwith assistance fromErnest Vessiot,1916, 1918,[10]1921,[11]1924,[12]Paris, France: Gauthier-Villars
  • Traité des fonctions elliptiques et de leurs applications,3 vols., 1886, 1888, 1891 (in vol. 2 applications to physics, geometry, the theory of integrals, and geodesy; in vol. 3 applications to algebra, especially the quintic equation, number theory — vol. 3 consists merely of fragments)

An overview of Halphen's work is provided by Laurent Gruson[13]and a complete list of the works was compiled by Camille Jordan as part of Halphen's obituary inJournal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées.[14]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Cajori, Florian(1999),A History of Mathematics(Fifth ed.), Providence, RI, USA: AMS Chelsea Publishing,ISBN0-8218-2102-4(org. published byMacmillan,1919)
  2. ^abc Picard, Émile (1890),"Notice sur la vie et les travaux de Georges-Henri Halphen, Membre de la Section de Géométrie"[Notice on the life and works of Georges-Henri Halphen, Member of the Geometry Section],Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences(in French),110(N10): 489–497
  3. ^ Halphen, George-Henri (1878),Sur les invariants différentiels[On differential invariants] (in French), Paris, France: Gauthier-Villars
  4. ^Layani, Claude (2008),"Les Juifs de Picardie",Alliancefr.com,retrieved2019-09-02
  5. ^Hermite, Charles(1881),"Grand Prix de Sciences Mathématiques",Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences,92:551–554
  6. ^Bertrand, Joseph-Luis-François(1884),"Prix Poncelet",Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences,98:1091
  7. ^N., N. (1884), "Scientific News - Prizes given by the French Academy",The American Naturalist,18(7): 750–752,doi:10.1086/273730
  8. ^Jordan, Camille (1885),"Prix Petit d'Ormoy",Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences,101:1401
  9. ^ Poincaré, Henri (1890),"Notice sur Halphen"[Note on Halphen],Journal de l'École Polytechnique(in French),60:137–161
  10. ^ Carmichael, Robert Daniel(1921),"Review: C. Jordan, H. Poincaré, É. Picard, and E. Vessiot,Oeuvres de G. H. Halphen(Tomes I, II) "(PDF),Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society,27(9–10): 466–469,doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1921-03474-4
  11. ^ Carmichael, Robert Daniel (1922),"Review: C. Jordan, H. Poincaré, É. Picard, and E. Vessiot,Oeuvres de G. H. Halphen(Tome III) "(PDF),Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society,28(5): 271–272,doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1922-03546-X
  12. ^ Carmichael, Robert Daniel (1925),"Review: C. Jordan, H. Poincaré, É. Picard, and E. Vessiot,Oeuvres de G. H. Halphen(Tome IV) "(PDF),Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society,31(9): 562–563,doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1925-04120-8
  13. ^ Gruson, Laurent (1992), "Un aperçu des travaux mathématiques de G.H. Halphen (1844-1889)" [An overview of the mathematical work of G.H. Halphen (1844-1889)], in Ellingsrud, G.; Peskine, C.; Stromme, S.A. (eds.),Complex Projective Geometry,London Math. Soc. Lecture Note Series (in French), vol. 179, pp. 189–198,doi:10.1017/CBO9780511662652.014,ISBN9780521433525
  14. ^ Jordan, Camille (1889),"Georges Halphen",Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées(in French), Series 4, 5: 345–359
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