Gerald Abraham

For the American football player, seeGerald Abraham (American football).

Abraham inc. 1948.

Gerald Ernest Heal Abraham,CBE,FBA(9 March 1904 – 18 March 1988) was an English musicologist, editor and music critic. He was particularly respected as an authority on Russian music.

Early career and author

Abraham was born atNewport, Isle of Wight,and initially trained for a naval career in nearby Portsmouth until ill-health forced a change of direction. He was largely self-taught in piano, music theory and history, aside for some practical orchestration experience with military bands and a year's study inCologne,where he learned German and listened to much music.

In 1927, aged 23 he published his first music book, a study ofAlexander Borodin,though he later disowned it.There followed contributions to music periodicals and monographs onNietzsche(1933),Tolstoy(1935), andDostoevsky(1936). Abraham taught himselfRussianand began a series of analytical articles on Russian music, collected inStudies in Russian Music(1935) andOn Russian Music(1939). In collaboration withM D Calvocoressihe also wroteMasters of Russian Music(1936).Other works on Russian music includeEight Soviet Composers(1943),Tchaikovsky(a symposia, as editor, 1945), and his completion of both Calvocoressi'sMussorgsky(Master Musicians series, 1946) and his larger studyModest Mussorgsky: His Life and Works(1956).

Abraham's interests ranged beyond the slavonic, as first shown in his introduction to contemporary music,This Modern Stuff(1933, later re-titledThis Modern Music) and inA Hundred Years of Music(1938) covering the broader history of music from the death ofBeethoven.He also edited collections of articles onChopin(1939),Schubert(1946),Sibelius(1947),Grieg(1948),Schumann(1952), andHandel(1954).Slavonic and Romantic Music: Essays and Studies(1968) andEssays on Russian and East European Music(1985) collect some of his best work.

The BBC and academia

In 1935 Abraham was appointed by theBBCas assistant editor of theRadio Times(1935–39) where he worked with his friendRalph Hill,then as Deputy Editor ofThe Listener(1939–1942, and subsequently as music editor until 1962). He was Gramophone Department Director from 1942 until 1947, an important post during wartime when the BBC's broadcasting of live music was severely restricted. This led to his participation in the founding of theThird Programmein 1946.Then he left the BBC for fifteen years to become the inauguralJames and Constance Alsop Professor of MusicatLiverpool University.He returned to the BBC in 1962 to become Assistant Controller of Music, a post he held for five years. He moved to the USA in 1968 for a year as Ernest Bloch Professor of Music at theUniversity of California at Berkeley.His lectures from this time were published asThe Tradition of Western Music(1974).

Histories and encyclopedias

A project that spanned three decades was theNew Oxford History of Music,for which Abraham acted as secretary to the editorial board.He personally edited five of the ten volumes (see list below).The first (Vol. III,Ars Nova and the Renaissance,in collaboration with Dom Anselm Hughes) came out in 1960 and the last (Vol, IX,Romanticism (1830-1890) was published posthumously in 1990. He also oversaw its audio supplement,The History of Music in Sound,a series of gramophone recordings and handbooks, first launched in 1953.His synoptic overview, theConcise Oxford History of Music,came out in 1979 during this period, and he was also involved in the 20-volumeNew Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians(1980).

Other appointments

From 1958-1961, he served as the president of the International Society for Music Education, and later would go onto serve as the president of the British Royal Music Association (1970–1974) and theRoyal Musical Association(1970–74). Additionally, he served numerous other positions in both ceremonial and official statuses, including:

• Chairman, Music Section of the Critics' Circle, 1944–46
• Editor,The Monthly Musical Record,1945–60
• Founding editor,BBC Music Guides,1966-1974
• Music critic,TheDaily Telegraph,1967–68
• Editor,Music of the Masters(book series)
• Chairman, Early English Church Music Committee, 1970–80
• Member, Editorial Committee,Musica Britannica
• President, International Society for Music Education, 1958–61
• Deputy Chairman, Haydn Institute (Cologne), 1961–68

Personal life

In 1936 he married (Isobel) Pat Robinson. They had one daughter, Frances, and lived for many years inHampstead(at 106 Frognal,Walter Besant's old house), where they held many hospitable "open evenings" of music. Later they returned to the Isle of Wight (to the village ofBrighstone), and from the early 1960s to the Old School House,Ebernoe,nearPetworthin Sussex.He was made aCBEin 1974. Abraham died at the King Edward VII Hospital, Midhurst, on 18 March 1988, aged 84.In theMusical TimesAlec Hyatt Kingremembered him as "unforgettable...burly of stature and with a rumbustious sense of humour: seldom did he come off second best".David Brown called him "perhaps the greatest of those" amateurs "so profoundly important in English musical scholarship".

Publications

• This Modern Stuff,1933
• Nietzsche,1933
• Studies in Russian Music,1935
• Tolstoy,1935
• Masters of Russian Music(withMichel Dimitri Calvocoressi), 1936
• Dostoevsky,1936
• A Hundred Years of Music,1938
• On Russian Music,1939
• Chopin's Musical Style,1939
• Beethoven's Second-Period Quartets,1942
• Eight Soviet Composers,1943
• Tchaikovsky: a symposium1945
• Rimsky-Korsakov: a symposium1945
• Sibelius: a symposium1947
• Grieg: a symposium1948
• Schubert: a symposium1952
• Design in Music,1949
• Schumann: a symposium1952
• Handel: a symposium1954
• Slavonic and Romantic Music,1968
• The Tradition of Western Music,1974
• The Master Musicians: Mussorgsky(with Michel Dimitri Calvocoressi), 1974
• The Concise Oxford History of Music,1979
• Essays on Russian and East European Music,1984
• New Oxford History of Music(as editor):
  • Vol. III (Ars Nova and the Renaissance), 1960
  • Vol. IV (The Age of Humanism), 1968
  • Vol. VI (Concert Music: 1630-1750), 1985
  • Vol. VIII (The Age of Beethoven), 1982
  • Vol, IX (Romanticism (1830–1890),1990

External links

• Trowell, Brian.Gerald Abraham,Proceedings of the British Academy, 2001