Jump to content

Gilbert Rule

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gilbert Rule
Bornc. 1629
Died1701
Occupation(s)Pastor, theologian
Children5
Theological work
Tradition or movementPresbyterianism

Gilbert Rule(c. 1629 – 1701) was anonconformistChurch of Scotlandminister and thePrincipalof theUniversity of Edinburghfrom 1690 to 1701.

Early life

[edit]

Rule was born about 1629, probably in Edinburgh, where his brother, Archibald, was one of the bailies (there is some likelihood, however, that he was born at Elgin in October 1628, see Tate's Alnwick).[1][2]The Dictionary of National Biographygives Archibald's occupation as a merchant and a magistrate.[3][4]Hew Scott states that it is "not unlikely" that his father was George Rule, minister atLongformacus,and his mother, Anna Johnston.[5]

After a distinguished career at theUniversity of Glasgow,where he was regent, he became (at an unusually early age), Sub-Principal ofKing's College, Aberdeen,in 1651.

In Northumberland

[edit]

From Aberdeen he went toAlnwickto be minister of a Dissenting congregation.[6]After the Restoration he was much molested by local authorities, who tried to force upon him the use of theEnglish Prayer Book.[7]

About 1656 he became perpetual curate of Alnwick, Northumberland. At the Restoration Major Orde, one of the churchwardens, provided a prayer-book.[8]

Rule, however, preached against its use, whereupon Orde indicted him (August 1660) at the Newcastle assizes for depraving the common prayer. Before the trial Orde died by a fall from his horse atOvingham,Northumberland, and, in the absence of a prosecutor, Rule was acquitted.[9]

Flight abroad

[edit]

In 1662, he was ejected under theBartholomew Act.He returned to Scotland, preached for a time in Fife, but incurring the displeasure of thePrivy Council,fled to France and Holland. He studied medicine atLeyden,graduating with an MD in 1665. He went on to practise medicine.[9]

In 1672, along with his brother Robert, apresbyterianminister, Rule travelled toDerry,where Robert was installed as minister until 1688. The First Derry Presbyterian Church records say:

"The congregation was vacant in 1670 and abortive attempts were made to induce Scotsmen to come across. Success came when the Rev. Robert Rule of Kirkcaldy and his brother Gilbert the celebrated Principal of Edinburgh came over. Robert accepted a call, was installed in 1672 and remained unmolested in his charge until 1688 when he fled to Scotland and did not return."

On the East Coast

[edit]
The Auld Brig - East Linton

In 1679 he was inBerwick-on-Tweed,where he was engaged both as a minister and a doctor. He practised with great success at Berwick, preaching at the same time inconventicles,often at much peril.[10]AtLinton Bridge,nearPrestonkirk,Haddingtonshire,Charles Hamilton, 5th Earl of Haddington,fitted up for him a meeting-house, which was indulged by the privy council on 18 December 1679.[11]

The next year, while visiting his niece, Mrs Kennedy, in Edinburgh, he baptised her child inSt Giles' Cathedralafter preaching a weekday lecture there, on the invitation of the minister,Archibald Turner,the minister of Old Kirk, St Giles.[12]For this offence Rule was brought before the Privy Council, and imprisoned on theBass Rock.[13]His health failed, and he was at length discharged, under a bond of five thousand merks to quit the kingdom within eight days. He returned to Berwick, where he evaded arrest by keeping on the English side of theTweed.

In Dublin

[edit]

Gilbert served as minister to the presbyterian congregation of Wood Street Church, Dublin from 1682 until 1687, as a colleague ofDaniel Williams.At the revolution he became one of the ministers ofGreyfriars Kirk.[14]

Greyfriars and the University of Edinburgh

[edit]

Returning to Scotland, he received a call on 7 December 1688 to the ministry ofGreyfriars church,Edinburgh. This was confirmed by the town council on 24 July 1689. Rule in the meantime had been in London, to forward the Presbyterian interest, and had gained the special notice ofWilliam III.[15]In 1690 he was appointed by the privy council one of the commissioners for purging the University of Edinburgh, and on the expulsion, in September 1690, of the principal, Alexander Monro, Rule, while retaining his ministerial charge, was made principal by the town council. His predecessor as Principal,Dr Alexander Monrohad been ejected for not taking the oath of allegiance to William and Mary, and wrote a work in defence of his faith called "An Enquiry into the New Opinions (chiefly) Propagated by the Presbyterians of Scotland; Together with some Animadversoins on a Late Book entitled 'A defense of the Vindications of the Kirk'; in a Letter to a Friend at Edinburgh".This prompted Gilbert Rule to respond with a book called"The Good Old Way Defended".[16]He came under personal attack for defending Presbyterian principles.[17]

Engaging usually in study until a late hour, he was termed "the Evening Star" (in contrast to his friend, George Campbell, the Professor of Divinity, who was called "the Morning Star" ), and was distinguished for great learning, piety, candour, and moderation. He retained both jobs until his death.

He died on 7 June 1701, at the age of 72. He is buried inGreyfriars Churchyard.[14]

Family

[edit]

He got married on 4 February 1655 to Janet Turnbull (who was buried 7 March 1699), and had children — Gilbert, M.D.; Andrew, advocate, died December 1708; Alexander, Professor of Hebrew at the University of Edinburgh 1694–1702; Rachel; Janet.

Andrew Rule was elected Professor of Hebrew and Semitic Languages at the University of Edinburgh in 1694 during his father's principalship.[18]

Publications

[edit]
  • A Modest Answer to Dr Stilling- fleets Irenicum (London, 1680)
  • Historical Representation of the Testimonies of the Church of Scotland (1687)
  • A Sermon preached before Parliament from Isaiah ii. 2 (Edinburgh, 1690), and others
  • A Rational Defence of Non-Conformity (London, 1689)
  • A Vindication of the Church of Scotland (London, 1691)
  • A Second Vindication of the Church of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1691)(This and the foregoing are roughly handled in ‘The Scotch Presbyterian Eloquence,’ &c., 1692, 4to.)
  • A Defence of the Vindication of the Church of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1694)
  • A Sermon preached at the Meeting of Council of George Heriot's Hospital (Edinburgh, 1695)
  • The Cyprianick Bishop Examined, and Found Not to be Diocesan (Edinburgh, 1696)
  • The Good Old Way Defended (Edinburgh, 1697)
  • Discourse of Suppressing Immorality ami Promoting Godliness (Edinburgh, 1701)
  • A Vindication of the Purity of Gospel-worship
  • A Representation of Presbyterian Government
  • Answer to Ten Questions concerning Episcopal and Presbyterian Government.
  • two single sermons (1690 and 1701)
  • ‘Disputatio… de Rachitide,’ &c., Leyden, 1665, 4to.
  • He was one of those who prefaced ‘A Plain and Easy Explication of the… Shorter Catechism,’ &c., 1697, 12mo.
  • A broadsheet ‘Elegie’ on his death was published, Edinburgh, 1701

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Hew Scott's Fasti Eccles. Scoticanæ (volumes 1, 2 and 7)
  • George Tate's contribution to the Alnwick Mercury in December 1860: The Life of Dr Gilbert Rule[19]
  • Calamy's Account, 1713, pp. 514 seq.
  • Calamy's Continuation, 1727, ii. 676 seq.
  • Wodrow's History of the Kirk (Laing), 1842, iii. 194 seq.
  • Armstrong's App. to Martineau's Ordination, 1829, p. 69
  • Grant's History of the University of Edinburgh, 1884, i. 239,[20]ii. 256 seq. 288.[21]
  • Edin. Comic., Test., and Peg. (Bajrt. and Bur.)
  • Wodrow's History, MSS., and Anal.
  • Watt's Bibl. Britt., ii.
  • Mum. Univ. Glasg., ii.
  • S. Presb. Eloq.
  • Acts Pari., ix.
  • Dictionary of National Biography

References

[edit]
  1. ^Scott, Hew (1915).Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation.Vol. 1. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. pp. 39–40, 415.Retrieved27 February2019.Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  2. ^Tate, George (1866).The history of the borough, castle, and barony of Alnwick.Vol. 2. Alnwick: H.H. Blair. pp. 123–130.Retrieved30 December2019.
  3. ^Stephen, Leslie, Sir (1885).Dictionary of national biography.Vol. 49. New York: Macmillan.Retrieved2 March2019.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  4. ^Gordon, Alexander (1897). "Rule, Gilbert".InLee, Sidney(ed.).Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 49. London: Smith, Elder & Co.Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  5. ^Scott, Hew (1917).Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation.Vol. 2. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. p. 24.Retrieved15 April2019.Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  6. ^Scott, Hew (1928).Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation.Vol. 7. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. p. 504.Retrieved8 July2019.Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  7. ^M'Crie, Thomas, D.D. the younger (1847).The Bass rock: Its civil and ecclesiastic history.Edinburgh: J. Greig & Son. pp. 291–313.Retrieved22 December2018.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^Calamy, Edmund (1775).The Nonconformist's Memorial: Being an Account of the Ministers, who Were Ejected Or Silenced...Vol. 2. Printed for W. Harris. pp. 240–243.Retrieved2 March2019.
  9. ^abGordon 1897.
  10. ^Brown, James Wood (1893).The Covenanters of the Merse: Their History and Sufferings, as Found in the...Edinburgh and London: Oliphant, Anderson& Ferrier. pp. 166–167.Retrieved2 March2019.
  11. ^Scott, Hew (1915).Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation.Vol. 1. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. pp. 414–417.Retrieved27 February2019.
  12. ^Wodrow, Robert (1829). Robert Burns (ed.).The history of the sufferings of the church of Scotland from the restoration to the revolution, with an original memoir of the author, extracts from his correspondence, and preliminary dissertation and notes, in four volumes.Vol. 3. Glasgow: Blackie Fullerton & Co. pp. 194–195.
  13. ^Bryce, William Moir; Fleming, D. Hay (1912).History of the Old Greyfriars' Church Edinburgh.Edinburgh: William Green and Sons. p. 118.Retrieved2 March2019.
  14. ^abHistorical Notes of the Rule Family,Scots Peerage,2006
  15. ^Calamy, Edmund (1727).A Continuation of the Account of the Ministers, Lecturers, Masters and Fellows of Colleges, and...Printed for R. Ford [etc.] pp. 676–678.Retrieved2 March2019.
  16. ^Mackenzie, Alexander (1898).History of the Munros of Fowlis with genealogies of the principal families of the name: to which are added those of Lexington and New England.Inverness: A. & W, Mackenzie. p. 235.Retrieved2 March2019.
  17. ^Maxwell, Thomas (1944).The Scotch Presbyterian Eloquence; a post-revolution pamphlet.Scottish Church History Society.Retrieved2 March2019.
  18. ^Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae;(vol.?), p. 386
  19. ^Middlemass, R (1860).History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club. instituted September 22, 1831.Vol. 6. printed for the club by Martin's Printing Works, Spittal: Berwickshire Naturalists' Club (Scotland). p. 280.Retrieved30 December2019.
  20. ^Grant, Alexander, Sir (1884).The story of the University of Edinburgh during its first three hundred years.Vol. 1. London: Longmans, Green, and co. p. 239.Retrieved2 March2019.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  21. ^Grant, Alexander, Sir (1884).The story of the University of Edinburgh during its first three hundred years.Vol. 2. London: Longmans, Green, and co. pp. 256–258.Retrieved2 March2019.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Presbyterian Church titles
Preceded by Minister ofWood Street Presbyterian Church, Dublin
1682–1687
With:Daniel Williams,1682-1687
Joseph Boyse,1683-1687 		Succeeded by
Academic offices
Preceded by Principal of Edinburgh University
1690–1703 		Succeeded by
  1. ^A history of Presbyterianism in Dublin and the south and west of Ireland, P313
  2. ^David L. Wykes, ‘Williams, Daniel (c.1643–1716)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2009, accessed 4 Dec 2016
  3. ^Alexander Du Toit, ‘Rule, Gilbert (c.1629–1701)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 4 Dec 2016
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_Rule&oldid=1247675739"