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Glusburn

Coordinates:53°54′10″N2°00′13″W/ 53.9028°N 2.00365°W/53.9028; -2.00365
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Glusburn
Chimney at Glusburn Mill
Glusburn is located in North Yorkshire
Glusburn
Glusburn
Location withinNorth Yorkshire
Population3,980 (2011 census)[1]
•London180 mi (290 km)SE
Civil parish
  • Glusburn and Cross Hills
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townKEIGHLEY
Postcode districtBD20
Dialling code01535
PoliceNorth Yorkshire
FireNorth Yorkshire
AmbulanceYorkshire
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Yorkshire
53°54′10″N2°00′13″W/ 53.9028°N 2.00365°W/53.9028; -2.00365

Glusburnis a village and electoral ward inCraveninNorth Yorkshire,England.Historicallypart of theWest Riding of Yorkshire,[2]the village is situated on the edge of theYorkshire Dales,sits on theA6068KildwicktoHaptonroad, and is conjoined to the village ofSutton-in-Cravenat the south.

The village is the older part of thecivil parishofGlusburn and Cross Hills,historically known as Glusburn. The newer part of the parish is known asCross Hills.The parish had a population of 3,902,[3]increasing to 3,980 at the 2011 Census.[1]

History

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The village most likely dates back to the 8th century. The site on which Glusburn is situated on is just above Glus Beck, which means the 'shining stream'. The site would have been rough uncultivated land, moorland and forest, withwolves,wild boarand deer around at the time.[4]

Before1066,most of the area was held by Earl Edwin, aSaxonnobleman. However he broke his oath of loyalty toKing William Iand consequently the king took the land as revenge. Therefore in theDomesday Book,the site is described as "Terra Regis" or 'Lands of the King'. Another part of theDomesday Book, folio 327r,records that inGlusebrunandChelchiswere c. 360 acres (c. 150 hectares) of ploughland of which "Gamal Bern had them; Gilbert Tison has them". For in theHarrying of the Northall lands were taken fromAnglo-Scandinaviansand given toNorman Lords.[5]

In 1369, John Scarborough wasLord of the Manor,and is believed to have lived at Glusburn Old Hall. In the 16th century, the estate was sold partly to John Currer ofKildwickHall, but also to William Garforth ofSteeton.[6]

In 1379, it was recorded that 23 people in Glusburn paid apoll taxtoRichard II.However in 1587,smallpoxravaged the village's population.[7]

At the end of the 17th century,vestryrule came to Glusburn and it was put under the parish of Kildwick.[7]

In 1700, most villagers werefarmers,with spinning and weaving as a secondary income although some of the residents were listed as miners. A lead mining operation had been in operation on Glusburn Moor since the 16th century and was previously in the ownership of monks of Bolton Priory.[8]During the latter part of the 18th century there were major improvements in the transport infrastructure. During the early 19th century, trade suffered and many people became destitute. In the census of 1851, Glusburn had 642 inhabitants and many were engaged in textile work, with farming as a secondary income.[9]Likewise in 1891, the main occupation of the villagers was in the textile industry and the population was stated as being 1,942.[10]

John William Hartley constructed a small weaving shed in Glusburn and a John Horsfall came over fromOxenhopeto learn his trade with him. John Horsfall then married John William Hartley's daughter Grace in 1844 and at first became his partner and then the sole owner of the weaving shed. He was extremely successful and his business grew rapidly. He required more workers, which meant that additional terraced housing was built. The main building of the mill dates from this time, which at its peak employed 500 people.[11]

John Horsfall went on to build Hayfield Hall, as well as the Institute and a park across the road from the mill. Hayfield Hall, built prior to 1885, was a solid ten bedroom country house with a garden and a lake, the latter serving as a dam for the mill. John Cousin Horsfall was created 1st Baronet of Hayfield in 1909 and John Donald Horsfall, the 2nd Baronet, wasHigh Sheriff of Yorkshirefor 1927–28. After standing empty for some time, the hall was sold for £1,000 in 1938. During theSecond World Warit was used as an army barracks, but was demolished at the end of the war and the site used for a mill extension.[12]

In the 1960s, there was a shortage of workers in the area, consequently the Horsfall family had to recruit girls fromMaltawith a hostel being built to house them.[13]In 1972, the mill was bought by Sirdar Wools Ltd and operated until 1995; it was mainly concerned with dyeing knitting wools.[11]But in 1995 it was closed down again until it was bought in 1997–98 by Ellison's Holdings plc, which produced circlips, rings and fasteners for the automotive industry and who had previously been based in nearbyHarden.[14]After that it was bought by an American company TransTechnology (GB) Ltd. Now it is owned by Cirteq (GB) Ltd.[15]

Transport

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In 1773 theLeeds and Liverpool Canalwas opened and then in 1786 theKeighleytoKendalturnpike roadwas opened. This was followed in 1823 by theBlackburn,Addingham,Cocking End Road. The improvements brought large numbers of people to the area and many more houses and workplaces were built. Sixstagecoachesa day took advantage of these new roads. In 1847,Kildwick and Cross Hills railway stationwas opened, which had perhaps the greatest effect on the village and marked the end of thestagecoachera.

In 1905, Ezra Laycock bought the first bus in the area, initially to help people fromCowlingand Glusburn to get to Kildwick and Cross Hills railway station. This was the first omnibus service in the North of England.[16]In 1924, the routes were taken over by Yorkshire Road Car Company and the Burnley, Colne & Nelson Joint Transport.[17]

The former Keighley to Colne Turnpike road is now the busy A6069 road which suffers from traffic problems with heavy congestion and significant HGV usage.[18]Buses serve the middle part of the village on a through route between Keighley and Skipton that travels through Sutton-in-Craven and Cross Hills. Another service goes over the Pennines to Colne and Burnley.[19][20]

References

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  1. ^abUK Census(2011)."Local Area Report – Glusburn and Cross Hills Parish (1170216749)".Nomis.Office for National Statistics.Retrieved26 March2018.
  2. ^"History of Glusburn, in Craven and West Riding | Map and description".www.visionofbritain.org.uk.Retrieved25 June2017.
  3. ^UK Census(2001)."Local Area Report – Glusburn Parish (36UB032)".Nomis.Office for National Statistics.Retrieved12 October2019.
  4. ^Wood 1999,p. 6.
  5. ^Wood 1999,p. 7.
  6. ^Wood 1999,pp. 8–9.
  7. ^abWood 1999,p. 9.
  8. ^"Memoirs 1999 - British Mining No. 63"(PDF).nmrs.org.uk.1999. p. 38.Retrieved25 June2017.
  9. ^Wood 1999,pp. 11–12.
  10. ^Speight, Harry (1892).The Craven and North-West Yorkshire Highlands(1 ed.). London: Elliott Stock. p.21.OCLC650329471.
  11. ^abWood 1999,p. 28.
  12. ^Wood 1999,p. 22.
  13. ^"Mill 'girls' all set for reunion".Craven Herald & Pioneer.18 January 2008.Retrieved25 June2017.
  14. ^"Heritage – Cirteq Ltd".www.cirteq.com.Retrieved25 June2017.
  15. ^"Buy-out secures 300 jobs".Craven Herald & Pioneer.18 September 2002.Retrieved25 June2017.
  16. ^Wood 1999,p. 5.
  17. ^Wood 1999,p. 37.
  18. ^"Craven Conservation Areas Project: Potential Conservation Area Designations"(PDF).cravendc.org.uk.August 2016. p. 41.Retrieved25 June2017.
  19. ^"Metro M4 Keighley to Burnley"(PDF).Retrieved25 June2017.
  20. ^"66 Keighley - Skipton | Dalesway ~ Transdev".www.keighleybus.co.uk.Retrieved25 June2017.

Sources

[edit]
  • Wood, Alec (1999).Glusburn: 'the old community'.Keighley: Kay Jay.OCLC827252502.
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