Gollak

Gollak
Gollak
Highest point
Elevation	1,181 m (3,875 ft)
Coordinates	42°41′30″N21°41′21″E/ 42.69167°N 21.68917°E
Geography
Country	Kosovo

Gollak(Albanian definite form:Gollaku;Serbian:Гољак,romanized:Goljak) orGallap(Albanian definite form:Gallapi) is a mountainous and ethnographic region in the eastern part ofKosovoand partially inSerbia,bordering theLlap regionto the North, theKosovo fieldto the west, theAnamorava valleyto the south and straddling along the border with Serbia.^[2]The cities ofPrishtinaandGjilanin Kosovo are located by the mountains. The highest peak,Gollak-Lisica,has an elevation of 1,186 m (3,891 ft) above sea level.^[3]Gollak itself is split into Upper Gollak and Lower Gollak.

Etymology

The toponym Gallapi is connected to the ancientDardaniantribeGalabri.^[4]

Environment

The Gollak region consists mainly of forests and pastures, and the altitudes vary between 800m-1260m above sea level. The climate of the region is influenced by continental air masses, and so Gollak has cold winters and hot summers. The temperature averages at 12.6 degrees Celsius, and the average sub-zero temperature stands at -5.8 degrees Celsius. Gollak's total annual precipitation is 667mm/year. There is a diverse range of flora and vegetation due to the diversity present within the climate, the mountainous environment and the compositions of both soil and geology in the region - the variance between altitudes and the variation of other ecological factors have culminated in different vegetation zones upon Gollak's vertical profile, which is characterised by forest and herbaceous plant communities.^[5]

There was anethnobotanicalfield study conducted in 37 villages of the Gollak region that focused on the traditional uses ofmedicinal plants,wild food plants and mushrooms. In total, 66 elderly members of these villages were interviewed - from this information, it was discovered that 98taxa(belonging to 47 differentfamilies) are utilized in the traditional medicines and foods of the region. These taxa included 92angiosperms(of which 76 aredicotyledonousand 6monocotyledons), 6 mushroom species and 3gymnosperms,with the predominant families beingrosaceae,asteraceae,lamiaceaeandalliaceae.Approximately two thirds of the medicinal species recorded were wild. The majority of the wild plants collected within the Gollak region are used for medicinal purposes, whilst 16% were used for food and some other taxa were gathered to be sold at local markets. The most frequent medical problems targeted by these medicinal plants wererespiratory systemillnesses,skin inflammationsandgastrointestinaltroubles.^[5]

History

Ottoman Period

In the 15th century the Albanian toponymGuribardwas recorded in the region, which indicates an Albanian presence.^[6]Gollak at the time was located in theSanjak of Viçitrina.^[7]In the may of 1834 there was an Albanian revolt in Gollak.^[8]In the 1877-1878expulsionof the Albanians from theSanjak of Niš,manymuhaxhirssettled in Gollak.^[9]^[10]During theLeague of Prizrenthere were revolts in Gollak,^[11]notably theBattle of Slivovaoccurred at the time. It was one of the regions that had a strong role in the theme of Albanian independence and was a vital part of its foundation.^[12]Gollak and Llap rebelled against the Ottomans in theAlbanian revolt of 1910with 10,000 men.^[13]In theAlbanian revolt of 1912,12,000Albanianrebels gathered outside ofPrishtinain order to occupy the town. Within this group were Albanians from the district of Prishtina, led byIsa Boletini,Xhemal bey Prishtina and Beqir aga Vushtrria, and they had previously defeated the Ottoman Turks inLlapand Gollak.^[14]Idriz Seferisaw much action in the Gollak region.^[15]

Yugoslav period

In 1920 and 1921 there were Albanian revolts in the region of Gollak.^[16]^[17]

World War

During theGerman occupation of Kosovoin World War II, three Albanian villages were burnt down by German forces on 3 May 1941.^[18]

Demographics

There are around 70 villages in Gollak.^[19]It mainly consists of small rural settlements.^[20]Albanians form the dominant ethnic group in the region. Both Upper and Lower Gollak contain the main villages of the AlbanianKrasniqitribe within the vicinity ofPrishtina,and they form the dominant tribe in the region.^[21]

Culture

As any ethnographic region, Gollak has unique aspects in both culture and language. Certain words - such asLavesh-i(the extreme ends of the tirq),Mashali-a(an old type of gun) andToja e opangës(laces made of wool to tie up opinga) - are found only within the Gollak region.^[22]

Notable people

Isa Mustafa,Kosovo Albanian politician
Zahir Pajaziti,KLA commander
Behgjet Pacolli,Kosovo Albanian politician and businessman
Ismet Asllani,KLA commander
Ajet Sopi Bllata,Albanian rebel
Zenel Hajdini,Albanian partisan
Demir Krasniqi,Albanian musician
Idriz Ajeti,Albanologist
Nuhi Berisha,Albanian revolutionary of the LRSHJ
Veli Dedi,Albanian War Commander ofLANÇand theXV International Brigade
Selim Pacolli,Albanian politician and KLA war soldier
Haki Demolli,an Albanian politician, lawyer and professor and was the Minister of the Kosovo Security Force
Salih Mustafa,KLA War Commander
Isa Kastrati,KLA War Commander
Bilall Syla,KLA War Commander
Georgius Pelino,Albanian Catholic priest and diplomat of Skanderbeg
Kadri Zeka,Albanian revolutionary and activist
Azet,famous Albanian rapper in Germany

References

^ Đokić, Jovan."Katalog planina Srbije".PSD Kopaonik Beograd. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-05-18.
^Elsie, Robert (2011).Historical dictionary of Kosovo(2nd ed.). Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. 116.ISBN 978-0-8108-7483-1.
^Daum, Werner (1998).Albanien zwischen Kreuz und Halbmond.Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde. p. 257.ISBN 9783701624614.
^Baliu, Begzad (2012).Onomastikë dhe identitet.Prishtinë. p. 68.ISBN 978-9951-04-071-6.OCLC 1002245843.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^^a ^bPieroni, Andrea; Quave, Cassandra L. (2014).Ethnobotany and Biocultural Diversities in the Balkans: Perspectives on Sustainable Rural Development and Reconciliation.Springer. p. 126.doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1492-0.ISBN 978-1-4939-1491-3.S2CID 39754263.
^Rexha, Iljaz (2016).Registration of settlements and Albanian population on Kosovo.Prishtinë: Institute of History “Ali Hadri”. p. 463.
^Rizaj, Skënder (1982).Kosova gjatë shekujve XV, XVI dhe XVII: administrimi, ekonomia, shoqëria dhe lëvizja popullore(in Albanian). Rilindja. p. 65.
^Pllana, Emin (1978).Kosova dhe reformat në Turqi, 1839-1912(in Albanian). Rilindja. p. 65.
^Lufta e UÇK-së në Malësinë e Gollakut.p. 31.
^DËBIMI I SHQIPTARËVE NGA SANXHAKU I NISHIT 1877/78.Prishtinë. 2018.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Konferenca Kombëtare e Studimeve për Lidhjen Shqiptare të Prizrenit, 1878-1881: 12-28 qershor 1978(in Albanian). Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Historisë. 1979. p. 98.
^The Kosova Issue - a Historic and Current Problem.Tirana: Eurorilindja. 1996. p. 89.
^Pllana, Emin (1978).Kosova dhe reformat në Turqi, 1839-1912(in Albanian). Rilindja. p. 254.
^Elsie, Robert; Destani, Bejtullah D. (2018).Kosovo, a documentary history: from the Balkan wars to World War II.London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 80.ISBN 9781838600037.
^Braha, Shaban (1979).Idriz Seferi në Lëvizjet Kombëtare Shqiptare.Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë. p. 186.
^RSH), Qendra e Enciklopedisë Shqiptare (Akademia e Shkencave e (1999).Kosova në vështrim enciklopedik(in Albanian). Botimet Toena. p. 112.ISBN 978-99927-1-170-5.
^Verli, Marenglen (2007).Kosova sfida shqiptare në historinë e një shekulli: studime, analiza, dokumente(in Albanian). Botimpex. p. 72.ISBN 978-99943-801-3-8.
^Radnička klasa Kosovske Mitrovice i okoline u radničkom-kommunističkom pokretu, socijalističkom pokretu, socijalictičkoj revoluciji i socijalističkoj izgradnji.Odbor za izdavanje monografija. 1979. p. 366.
^Pulaha, Selami; Mansaku, Seit; Gjergji, Andromaqi (1982).Shqiptarët dhe trojet e tyre(in Albanian). Shtëpia Botuese "8 Nëntori". p. 520.
^Efe, Recep; Ozturk, Munir; Atalay, Ibrahim (25 May 2011).Natural Environment and Culture in the Mediterranean Region II.Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 188.ISBN 9781443831079.
^Hahn, J. G. von; Elsie, Robert (2015).The discovery of Albania: travel writing and anthropology in the nineteenth-century Balkans(1st ed.). London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 81–84.ISBN 9781350154681.
^Gjergji, Andromaqi (2005).Veshjet Shqiptare në Shekuj.Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë, Instituti i Kulturës Popullore. pp. 298, 300, 314.ISBN 9789994376377.

[katalog-1] Đokić, Jovan."Katalog planina Srbije".PSD Kopaonik Beograd. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-05-18.

[2] Elsie, Robert (2011).Historical dictionary of Kosovo(2nd ed.). Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. 116.ISBN 978-0-8108-7483-1.

[3] Daum, Werner (1998).Albanien zwischen Kreuz und Halbmond.Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde. p. 257.ISBN 9783701624614.

[4] Baliu, Begzad (2012).Onomastikë dhe identitet.Prishtinë. p. 68.ISBN 978-9951-04-071-6.OCLC 1002245843.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[Springer-5] Pieroni, Andrea; Quave, Cassandra L. (2014).Ethnobotany and Biocultural Diversities in the Balkans: Perspectives on Sustainable Rural Development and Reconciliation.Springer. p. 126.doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1492-0.ISBN 978-1-4939-1491-3.S2CID 39754263.

[6] Rexha, Iljaz (2016).Registration of settlements and Albanian population on Kosovo.Prishtinë: Institute of History “Ali Hadri”. p. 463.

[7] Rizaj, Skënder (1982).Kosova gjatë shekujve XV, XVI dhe XVII: administrimi, ekonomia, shoqëria dhe lëvizja popullore(in Albanian). Rilindja. p. 65.

[8] Pllana, Emin (1978).Kosova dhe reformat në Turqi, 1839-1912(in Albanian). Rilindja. p. 65.

[9] Lufta e UÇK-së në Malësinë e Gollakut.p. 31.

[10] DËBIMI I SHQIPTARËVE NGA SANXHAKU I NISHIT 1877/78.Prishtinë. 2018.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[11] Konferenca Kombëtare e Studimeve për Lidhjen Shqiptare të Prizrenit, 1878-1881: 12-28 qershor 1978(in Albanian). Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Historisë. 1979. p. 98.

[12] The Kosova Issue - a Historic and Current Problem.Tirana: Eurorilindja. 1996. p. 89.

[13] Pllana, Emin (1978).Kosova dhe reformat në Turqi, 1839-1912(in Albanian). Rilindja. p. 254.

[14] Elsie, Robert; Destani, Bejtullah D. (2018).Kosovo, a documentary history: from the Balkan wars to World War II.London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 80.ISBN 9781838600037.

[15] Braha, Shaban (1979).Idriz Seferi në Lëvizjet Kombëtare Shqiptare.Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë. p. 186.

[16] RSH), Qendra e Enciklopedisë Shqiptare (Akademia e Shkencave e (1999).Kosova në vështrim enciklopedik(in Albanian). Botimet Toena. p. 112.ISBN 978-99927-1-170-5.

[17] Verli, Marenglen (2007).Kosova sfida shqiptare në historinë e një shekulli: studime, analiza, dokumente(in Albanian). Botimpex. p. 72.ISBN 978-99943-801-3-8.

[18] Radnička klasa Kosovske Mitrovice i okoline u radničkom-kommunističkom pokretu, socijalističkom pokretu, socijalictičkoj revoluciji i socijalističkoj izgradnji.Odbor za izdavanje monografija. 1979. p. 366.

[19] Pulaha, Selami; Mansaku, Seit; Gjergji, Andromaqi (1982).Shqiptarët dhe trojet e tyre(in Albanian). Shtëpia Botuese "8 Nëntori". p. 520.

[20] Efe, Recep; Ozturk, Munir; Atalay, Ibrahim (25 May 2011).Natural Environment and Culture in the Mediterranean Region II.Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 188.ISBN 9781443831079.

[21] Hahn, J. G. von; Elsie, Robert (2015).The discovery of Albania: travel writing and anthropology in the nineteenth-century Balkans(1st ed.). London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 81–84.ISBN 9781350154681.

[22] Gjergji, Andromaqi (2005).Veshjet Shqiptare në Shekuj.Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë, Instituti i Kulturës Popullore. pp. 298, 300, 314.ISBN 9789994376377.

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