Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka
Kabi Kalahansa - Basanta Kokila Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka | |
|---|---|
 Wooden statue of Gopalakrushna at his residence in Paralakhemundi, made by an artisan who had seen him in real life | |
| Native name | ଗୋପାଳକୃଷ୍ଣ ପଟ୍ଟନାୟକ |
| Born | 1784 Paralakhemundi,Odisha,India |
| Died | 1862 Paralakhemundi,Odisha,India |
| Occupation | Odissi poet-musician |
| Language | Odia |
| Nationality |  Indian |
| Genre | Odissi music |
Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka(Alternatively spelled Gopalakrishna, Pattnaik;Odia:ଗୋପାଳକୃଷ୍ଣ ପଟ୍ଟନାୟକ,romanized:Gopāḷakruṣṇa Paṭṭanāyaka,Odia:[gopaːl̪ɔkrusɳɔpɔʈʈɔnaːjɔkɔ];1784-1862) was anOdiapoet & composer ofOdissi music.[1]His Odissi songs in various traditional ragas and talas are widely sung across the state,[2]as well as other allied traditional artforms of Odisha, such aspala.The 20th-century Odissi musician, vocalist & binākaraApanna Panigrahi,also from the poet's hometown, was well-known for his renditions of Gopalakrusna's lyrics. Some of the most iconic Odissi songs, such asSyamaku Juhara Tara Premaku Juhara Ma,Jala Ani Jai Kali Kalindasutaku,Sangini Re Rasarangini Re,Kadamba Bane Bansi Bajila Re,Uthilu Ede Begi Kahinkire, Ki Nadare Prana Sangini,Manasija Mana Mohanaare creations of Gopalakrusna. Many of his songs are popularabhinayaitems inOdissi dance.[3][4][5]
Born in 1784 in akaranafamily ofParalakhemundi,Gopalakrusna's father Banabasi Pattanayaka was in the service of the Gajapati kings of the powerful princely state of Odisha. His mother's name was Lalita Dei. At the age of twenty, Gopalakrusna was married to a young girl by the name of Hira Dei. In the early days of his life, Gopalakrusna remained in the service of the Gajapati king as apanjia karana,an accountant-scribe. Later, after training from the virtuoso musician poetBakrabakChakrapani Pattanayaka, his fame as a poet and musician grew and the king subsequently offered him an exclusive position in the court to encourage his musical & literary pursuits.[4][6]KabisurjyaBaladeba RathaandUtkala GhantaJadumani Mahapatrawere his contemporaries. Another Odissi musician, the poetHaribandhuwas inspired by Gopalakrusna to write lyrics and set them to music. Haribandhu is credited with documenting a significant number of Gopalakrusna's songs, as the poet himself was not concerned with preserving his songs. Gopalakrusna would sing impromptu, overcome by divine inspiration and Haribandhu as a child would follow him, noting everything down onto a palm leaf.[7]
Gopalakrusna's writings have been published as anthologies more than once. The first significant anthology was made by the poet's own great-grandson, Ramakrusna Pattanayaka in 1919. Before Ramakrusna's anthology, smaller collections of the poet's work had appeared in bits and pieces in Damodar Patnaik'sSangita Sagara(1889-1903) and Gobinda Ratha'sChaupadi Chandrodaya(1895). The Gajapati press in Paralakhemundi had also published small booklets of the poet's work in the early 1900s. Subsequently, larger anthologies have been collated and published by Babaji Baisnaba Charana Dasa (195-60),KabichandraKali Charan Patnaik(1959), Saroj Kumar Panigrahi (1969) and Dr. Krushna Charan Behera (2002).[4]
A musical album calledLyrics of Gopalakrushnawas made by the involvement of leading Odissi musicians and erstwhile chief ministerNandini Satapathyin the year 1970. Eminent Gurus such asSangita SudhakaraBalakrushna Dash,Shyamamani Devi,SuramaniRaghunath Panigrahi,Bhubaneswari Mishraand Indira Pratihari lent their voices to the various tracks.
Gopalakrusna died in 1862. His last poem is said to be a prophecy of his death:
ଜୀବ ଯିବାକୁ ହୋଇଲା ସଜ |
The life is ready to depart |
At the poet's residence in Paralakhemundi, there is a life-size wooden statue of the poet. This statues was made in 1921 by Brundabana Chandra Patnaik, an elderly craftsman who had seen the poet during his lifetime. Some other items of his use, such as akaranistylus used by Odia scribes and his bodybuilding tools are preserved by the family.
Compositions[edit]
Some well-known Odissi compositions of the poet are:[4]
| Oṛiśī Sangīta |
| Odissi music |
|---|
 |
| Composers |
| Shāstras |
| Compositions |
| Instruments |
- Brajaku Chora Asichi
- Patha Chhadi De Mu Jibi Phula Toli
- Kananara Bitanare
- Muhamuhin Kisora Chandramankara Mora
- Karuthili Mun Nahi Nahi Re
- Bajuchhi Sahi Bajare To Naare Brajabajare
- Chhailabara Chhamure Padili
- Aja Sri Gostha Chandrama
- Banchiba Kehire
- Syama Ja Ja Juhara To Piratiki
- Bhaja Mana Brajabana Dwijarajanku
- Kaha Re Sangini Ke Se Nua Lalana
- Etharaka Syama Dosa Kara Khyama
- Anusarita Prabhu Kala Jaka Gala Sarita
- Ki Sunili Aja Νua Kari Re
- Mote Laganare Brajabidhu Lata
- Mohana Riti Chinha Padila Ma
Many of Gopalakrusna's compositions have become iconic in the voice of legendary Odissi musicians, such as:
- Mohana Madhuri Dekhithila NaribyApanna Panigrahi
- Mane Paduchhi Re Sehi ChandramukhabyMohan Sunder Deb Goswami
- Gostha Chandrama Asibe AjabyTarini Charan Patra
- Ki Nama Boilu Tuhi Go LalitebyBanikanthaNimai Charan Harichandan
- Brajendra Nandana Sahi Eka Sri RadharabyBanikanthaNimai Charan Harichandan
- Kanta Mora E Basanta KalarebyBanikanthaNimai Charan Harichandan
- Banchiba KehirebySinghari Shyamasundar Kar
- Aja Sri Gostha ChandramabyBalakrushna Dash
- Kaha Chitta TahabyBalakrushna Dash
- E Ghana Dina Eka Nebe Ki KaribyBalakrushna Dash
- Galabele Mo JibabyBalakrushna Dash
- Manasija Mana MohanabyRaghunath Panigrahi
- Ki Nadare Prana SanginibyRaghunath Panigrahi
- Syamaku Juhara Tara Premaku Juharaby Shyamamani Devi
- Syama Apabada Mote Lagithauby Shyamamani Devi
- Kadamba Bane Bansi BajilabyBhubaneswari Mishra
- Jala Ani Jai KalibyBhubaneswari Mishra
Lineage[edit]
Source:[8]
| Mandhata Pattanayaka | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nandakisora (Kisora) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bhaskara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bansidhari | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lalita Dei | Banabasi | Brajabasi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hiramani | Gopalakrusna | Jayakrusna | Kanheichanda | Radhakrusna | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sunama | Gaurachandra | Haribandhu | Karunanidhi | Lalita Ma | Bisakha | Sudebi | Nityananda | Magata | Chaitanya | Gorachanda | Bankabihari | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gopinatha | Baisnaba | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ramakrusna | Surjyanarayana | Nilamani | Banabasi | Gobindachandra | Chakrapani | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References[edit]
- ^Parhi, Dr. Kirtan Narayan (2017).The Classicality of Orissi Music.India: Maxcurious Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 383.ISBN9788193215128.
- ^Parhi, Dr. Kirtan Narayan (2009). "Odissi Music: Retrospect and Prospect". In Mohapatra, PK (ed.).Perspectives on Orissa.New Delhi: Centre for study in civilizations. pp. 613–626.
- ^Dāsa, Phakīramohana (2002).Bhakta Kavi Gopāla Krishna.Sahitya Akademi.ISBN978-81-260-1201-5.
- ^abcdPattanayaka, Gopalakrusna (2002). Behera, Dr. Krushna Charan (ed.).Gopalakrusna Rachanabali(in Odia). Gopalpur, Cuttack: Sahitya Sangraha Prakasana.
- ^Pattanayaka, Gopalakrusna (1969). Panigrahi, Saroj Kumar (ed.).Gopalakrusna Granthabali.Cuttack, Odisha: Odisha Kohenoor Press.
- ^Mohanty, Indrajeet (June 2005)."The Lyrics of Gopal Krushna"(PDF).Orissa Review.
- ^Singh, Jagabandhu (1982).Prachina Utkala(3 ed.). Bhubaneswar, Odisha: Odisha Sahitya Akademi.
- ^Pattanayaka, Gopalakrusna (2014). Behera, Dr. Krusna Charan (ed.).Gopalakrusna Rachanabali.Gopalpur, Cuttack: Sahitya Sangraha Prakasana.
