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Gospić

Coordinates:44°32′46″N15°22′30″E/ 44.546°N 15.375°E/44.546; 15.375
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Gospić
Town
Grad Gospić
Town of Gospić
View of Gospić
View of Gospić
Flag of Gospić
Flag
Map
Gospić is located in Croatia
Gospić
Gospić
Location of Gospić within Croatia
Coordinates:44°32′46″N15°22′30″E/ 44.546°N 15.375°E/44.546; 15.375
CountryCroatia
CountyLika-Senj
Government
• MayorKarlo Starčević(HSP)
Area
[1]
•Town967.4 km2(373.5 sq mi)
• Urban
21.4 km2(8.3 sq mi)
Elevation
656 m (2,152 ft)
Population
(2021)[2]
•Town11,502
• Density12/km2(31/sq mi)
•Urban
6,362
• Urban density300/km2(770/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01(CET)
Postal code
53 000
Area code053
Vehicle registrationGS
Websitegospic.hr

Gospić(Croatian pronunciation:[ɡǒːspitɕ]) is atownin the mountainous and sparsely populated region ofLika,Croatia.It is theadministrativecenter ofLika-Senj County.Gospić is located near theLika Riverin the middle of akarst field(Ličko Polje).

Gospić is the third smallestseat of a county governmentin Croatia. Its status as the county capital helped to spur some development in it, but the town as well as the entire region have suffered a constant decrease in population over the last several decades.Serbianscientist and inventorNikola Teslawas born in the nearby village ofSmiljanand grew up in Gospić.

Municipality[edit]

Town of Gospić:Population trends 1857–2021
population
32381
33164
31371
34376
38103
35380
35600
35312
26920
26285
27390
26683
23285
22026
12980
12745
11502
18571869188018901900191019211931194819531961197119811991200120112021
Sources:Croatian Bureau of Statistics publications

History[edit]

Kingdom of Hungary stamp cancelled in 1896
Soldiers from the 79th Infantry Regiment (K.u.K. Otočaner Infaterie-regiment Graf Jellačić), known as the “Jelačićevci” marching through Gospić in 1914.

The first organised inhabitation of the area was recorded in 1263 asKasegorKasezi.The nameGospićis first mentioned in 1604, which likely originates from theCroatianword for "lady" (gospa) or another archaic form,gospava.It was ruled by Ottoman Empire as part ofSanjakof Lika initially inRumeli Eyalet(1528–1580), later inBosnia Eyalet(1580–1686).

Today's town was built around twoOttomanforts (the towers ofAgaSenković and of Aga Alić). The Turkish incursion was repelled by the end of the 17th century and Gospić became an administrative centre of theLikaregion within theMilitary Frontier.

Until 1918, Gospić (namedGOSPICHbefore 1850) was part of theAustrian monarchy(Kingdom of Croatia-Slavoniaafter thecompromise of 1867), in theCroatian Military Frontier,Likaner Regiment N° I.[3]In the late 19th century and early 20th century, Gospić was part of theLika-Krbava Countyof the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.

During theGenocide of Serbsby the Ustaše inWWII,the district of Gospić experienced the first large-scale massacres which occurred in the Lika region, as some 3,000Serbcivilians were killed between late July and early August 1941.[4]Aconcentration camp was established in Gospićin which (together with other camps that belonged to the same complex) the Ustaše might have killed between 24,000-42,000 people, most of them beingSerbsandJews,but some of the prisoners were alsoCroatian.[5][6]

In the 1990s, during the course of theCroatian War of Independence,Gospić suffered greatly during theBattle of Gospić.The town was held by Croatiangovernmentforces throughout the war, while therebelSerb forces of theRepublic of Serbian Krajinaoccupied positions directly to the east and often bombarded the town from there. In February 1992, a statue of the Serb scientistNikola Teslain downtown Gospić was destroyed in an explosion. The perpetrators were never apprehended.[7]The town was the site of theGospić massacre,where between 100-120 predominantly Serb civilians were killed by Croatian military units.[8]Control of the area finally devolved to the Croatian government with the success ofOperation Stormin August 1995.[8]

Gospić is also the site of one of the regional branches of the Croatian State Archives, theDržavni arhiv Gospić,at Kaniška 17. It was founded 30 September 1999 and officially opened 1 September 2000 in a renovated building and now houses historical documents of relevance to the Lika-Senj region which were formerly housed in the Regional Archive at Karlovac. In 2013, CroatianPrime MinisterZoran Milanovićurged the town's authorities to allow for a replica of the Tesla statue that had been destroyed in 1992 to be reinstated. The mayor of Gospić, Milan Kolić, refused to give his approval for such a move and instead vowed to erect a statue of wartime Croatian PresidentFranjo Tuđmanon the spot where the Tesla statue had once stood.[7]

People[edit]

Gallery[edit]

Climate[edit]

Gospić has ahumid continental climate,Dfb by Köppen climate classification, with mean temperatures varying from −0.9 °C (30.4 °F) in January to 18.1 °C (64.6 °F) in July. Being situated higher than 500 metres (1,640 ft)above sea level,the area experiences high diurnal ranges, especially in summer, and frost has been recorded in every month except for July. The record low and high temperatures are −33.5 °C (−28.3 °F) and 38.7 °C (101.7 °F), respectively. Gospić is also quite a rainy city, with a slight summer minimum, but it experiences plentiful precipitation all year long, with the maximum being in autumn. During winter, Gospić can get strong blizzards, with on average 5.1 days a year when more than 50 cm (20 in) falls, and 16.1 days when more than 30 cm (12 in) falls. Its record snow cover was 285 cm (112.2 in), and it was measured in February 1916.

Climate data for Gospić (1971–2000, extremes 1872–2015)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 16.0
(60.8) 		20.1
(68.2) 		23.4
(74.1) 		27.9
(82.2) 		31.6
(88.9) 		35.4
(95.7) 		38.7
(101.7) 		37.2
(99.0) 		33.3
(91.9) 		28.8
(83.8) 		25.7
(78.3) 		16.9
(62.4) 		38.7
(101.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3.3
(37.9) 		5.4
(41.7) 		9.7
(49.5) 		13.5
(56.3) 		19.0
(66.2) 		22.5
(72.5) 		25.2
(77.4) 		25.4
(77.7) 		20.8
(69.4) 		15.3
(59.5) 		8.5
(47.3) 		3.9
(39.0) 		14.4
(57.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.8
(30.6) 		0.3
(32.5) 		4.1
(39.4) 		8.0
(46.4) 		13.0
(55.4) 		16.3
(61.3) 		18.5
(65.3) 		17.9
(64.2) 		13.6
(56.5) 		9.1
(48.4) 		3.8
(38.8) 		0.0
(32.0) 		8.7
(47.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −5.0
(23.0) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		2.5
(36.5) 		6.5
(43.7) 		9.4
(48.9) 		10.9
(51.6) 		10.5
(50.9) 		7.5
(45.5) 		4.1
(39.4) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		3.1
(37.6)
Record low °C (°F) −32.6
(−26.7) 		−33.5
(−28.3) 		−23.6
(−10.5) 		−10.5
(13.1) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		2.4
(36.3) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		−13.7
(7.3) 		−23.2
(−9.8) 		−27.0
(−16.6) 		−33.5
(−28.3)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 101.8
(4.01) 		98.8
(3.89) 		95.2
(3.75) 		108.9
(4.29) 		108.4
(4.27) 		95.4
(3.76) 		60.4
(2.38) 		83.1
(3.27) 		140.4
(5.53) 		156.5
(6.16) 		175.4
(6.91) 		141.9
(5.59) 		1,365.9
(53.78)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) 12.7 11.6 12.4 13.8 13.2 11.9 8.3 8.2 11.2 12.4 13.8 13.5 143.0
Average snowy days(≥ 1.0 cm) 16.0 14.5 9.1 2.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 6.5 16.0 65.2
Averagerelative humidity(%) 84.3 79.9 74.8 72.5 72.5 72.3 70.3 73.0 78.9 81.2 84.1 86.2 77.5
Mean monthlysunshine hours 68.2 101.7 145.7 165.0 226.3 249.0 303.8 272.8 192.0 130.2 69.0 55.8 1,979.5
Percentpossible sunshine 25 38 43 44 54 59 70 67 55 42 27 21 48
Source:Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service[9][10]

Demographics[edit]

Demographic history of municipality
Ethnic group 1948 1953 1961 1971 1981 1991[11] 2001[12] 2011[13]
Croats 24,307 (65.02%) 18,525 (59.25%) 18,613 (64.07%) 12,050 (92.84%) 11,860 (93.06%)
Serbs 11,801 (31.56%) 9,283 (29.69%) 8,976 (30.89%) 625 (4.82%) 609 (4.78%)
Yugoslavs 635 (1.69%) 2,907 (9.29%) 513 (1.76%)
Others 640 (1.71%) 548 (1.75%) 947 (3.26%) 305 (2.35%)
Total[14] 26,920 26,285 27,390 37,383 31,263 29,049 12,980 12,745
Demographic history of town
1948 1953 1961 1971 1981 1991[11] 2001[12] 2011[13]
4,204[14] 5,127[14] 6,767[14] 8,046[14] 8,725[14] 9,025 6,088 5,795

Politics[edit]

Minority councils and representatives[edit]

Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for the local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs.[15]At the2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives electionsSerbs of Croatiafulfilled legal requirements to elect 15 members minority council of the Town of Gospić with only 13 members being elected in the end.[16]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^Register of spatial units of the State Geodetic Administration of the Republic of Croatia.WikidataQ119585703.
  2. ^"Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements"(xlsx).Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in 2021.Zagreb:Croatian Bureau of Statistics.2022.
  3. ^Handbook of Austria and Lombardy-Venetia Cancellations on the Postage Stamp Issues 1850–1864, by Edwin MUELLER, 1961.
  4. ^Biondich, Mark (2011).The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence Since 1878.Oxford University Press. pp. 136–137.ISBN978-0-19929-905-8.
  5. ^Israeli, Raphael (4 March 2013).The Death Camps of Croatia: Visions and Revisions, 1941–1945.Transaction Publishers. p. 77.ISBN978-1-4128-4930-2.
  6. ^Radovi (Filozofski Fakultet Zagreb. Humanisticke i Drustvene Znanosti).Zavod. 2007. p. 355.Procjenjuje se daje u logorskom kompleksu Gospić-Velebit-Pag (Mirko Peršen, Đuro Zatezalo, Ilija Jakovljević) pogubljeno oko 24.000 ljudi.
  7. ^abPavelic, Boris (23 January 2013)."Bring Nikola Tesla Monument Back, Urges Croatia PM".Balkan Insight.Retrieved24 January2020.
  8. ^abSchäuble, Michaela (2014).Narrating Victimhood: Gender, Religion and the Making of Place in Post-War Croatia.Berghahn Books. p. 317.ISBN9781782382614.
  9. ^"Gospić Climate Normals"(PDF).Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 3 March 2016.Retrieved3 December2015.
  10. ^"Mjesečne vrijednosti za Gospić u razdoblju1872−2015"(in Croatian). Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Archived fromthe originalon 17 November 2018.Retrieved16 July2017.
  11. ^ab"Naselja i stanovništvo RH od 1857–2001. godine", Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, 2005.
  12. ^ab"2001 census by settlement".Central Bureau of Statistics (Croatia)(in Croatian). 31 March 2001.Retrieved17 September2010.
  13. ^ab"Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2011 Census: Gospić".Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011.Zagreb:Croatian Bureau of Statistics.December 2012.
  14. ^abcdefCroatia censuses 1948–1991
  15. ^"Manjinski izbori prve nedjelje u svibnju, kreću i edukacije".T-portal.13 March 2023.Retrieved10 June2023.
  16. ^"Informacija o konačnim rezultatima izbora članova vijeća i izbora predstavnika nacionalnih manjina 2023. IX. LIČKO-SENJSKA ŽUPANIJA"(PDF)(in Croatian). Državno izborno povjerenstvo Republike Hrvatske. 2023. p. 4. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 13 June 2023.Retrieved13 June2023.

External links[edit]

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