Gospić
Gospić | |
---|---|
Grad Gospić Town of Gospić | |
Coordinates:44°32′46″N15°22′30″E/ 44.546°N 15.375°E | |
Country | Croatia |
County | Lika-Senj |
Government | |
• Mayor | Darko Milinović(LiPO) |
Area | |
•Town | 967.4 km2(373.5 sq mi) |
• Urban | 21.4 km2(8.3 sq mi) |
Elevation | 656 m (2,152 ft) |
Population (2021)[2] | |
•Town | 11,502 |
• Density | 12/km2(31/sq mi) |
•Urban | 6,362 |
• Urban density | 300/km2(770/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01(CET) |
Postal code | 53 000 |
Area code | 053 |
Vehicle registration | GS |
Website | gospic |
Gospić(pronounced[ɡǒːspitɕ]) is a town inLika,Croatia.It is the seat of theLika-Senj County.
Geography
[edit]Gospić is located in the mountainous and sparsely populated region of Lika. It is theadministrativecenter ofLika-Senj County.Gospić is located near theLika Riverin the middle of akarst field(Ličko Polje).
Municipality
[edit]- Aleksinica,population 169
- Barlete,population 28
- Bilaj,population 162
- Brezik ,population 25
- Brušane,population 134
- Budak,population 151
- Bužim,population 74
- Debelo Brdo I,population 61
- Debelo Brdo II,population 8
- Divoselo,population 4
- Donje Pazarište,population 125
- Drenovac Radučki,population 0
- Gospić,population 6,575
- Kalinovača,population 94
- Kaniža Gospićka,population 401
- Klanac,population 100
- Kruščica,population 0
- Kruškovac,population 20
- Kukljić,population 13
- Lički Čitluk,population 4
- Lički Novi,population 298
- Lički Osik,population 1,914
- Lički Ribnik,population 93
- Mala Plana,population 7
- Medak,population 62
- Mogorić,population 110
- Mušaluk,population 228
- Novoselo Bilajsko,population 112
- Novoselo Trnovačko,population 84
- Ornice,population 6
- Ostrvica,population 16
- Oteš,population 99
- Pavlovac Vrebački,population 33
- Počitelj,population 4
- Podastrana,population 51
- Podoštra,population 177
- Popovača Pazariška,population 93
- Rastoka,population 33
- Rizvanuša,population 29
- Smiljan,population 418
- Smiljansko Polje,population 135
- Široka Kula,population 116
- Trnovac,population 96
- Vaganac,population 30
- Velika Plana,population 52
- Veliki Žitnik ,population 47
- Vranovine,population 43
- Vrebac,population 44
- Zavođe,population 4
- Žabica,population 163
population | 32381 | 33164 | 31371 | 34376 | 38103 | 35380 | 35600 | 35312 | 26920 | 26285 | 27390 | 26683 | 23285 | 22026 | 12980 | 12745 | 11502 |
1857 | 1869 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1921 | 1931 | 1948 | 1953 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 | 2021 |
History
[edit]The first organised inhabitation of the area was recorded in 1263 asKasegorKasezi.The nameGospićis first mentioned in 1604, which likely originates from theCroatianword for "lady" (gospa) or another archaic form,gospava.
During theOttoman wars in Europe,Gospić was for a time ruled by theOttoman Empireas part ofSanjakof Lika initially inRumeli Eyalet(1528–1580), later inBosnia Eyalet(1580–1686). Today's town was built around twoOttomanforts (the towers ofAgaSenković and of Aga Alić).
The Turkish incursion was repelled by the end of the 17th century and Gospić became an administrative centre of theLikaregion within theMilitary Frontier,a section of theHabsburg monarchyorganized as defense against the Ottomans. Before 1850, there are references to the town asGospichin German. Since this time, there's been a significant population ofethnic Serbsin the Gospić region.
Scientist and inventorNikola Tesla,of Serb descent, was born in the nearby village ofSmiljanand grew up in Gospić between 1862 and 1870, when he moved toKarlovac.He again lived in Smiljan between 1873 and 1879, when he briefly returned to Gospić until 1880 when he went toGraz.
In the 19th century, Gospić was the headquarters of Military Frontier "Likaner Regiment" N° I.[3]Following thecompromise of 1867,it became part of theKingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.In the late 19th century and early 20th century, Gospić was part of theLika-Krbava County.
During theGenocide of Serbs in the Independent State of CroatiainWWII,the district of Gospić experienced the first large-scale massacres which occurred in the Lika region, as some 3,000 Serb civilians were killed between late July and early August 1941.[4]Aconcentration camp was established in Gospićin which (together with other camps that belonged to the same complex) the Ustaše might have killed between 24,000-42,000 people, most of them beingSerbsandJews,but some of the prisoners were alsoCroatian.[5][6]
In the 1990s, during the course of theCroatian War of Independence,Gospić suffered greatly during theBattle of Gospić.The town was held by Croatiangovernmentforces throughout the war, while therebelSerb forces of theRepublic of Serbian Krajinaoccupied positions directly to the east and often bombarded the town from there. In late 1991, the town was the site of theGospić massacre,where between 100-120 predominantly Serb civilians were killed by Croatian military units.[7]In February 1992, a statue of Nikola Tesla in downtown Gospić was destroyed in an explosion. The perpetrators were never apprehended.[8]Control of the area finally devolved to the Croatian government with the success ofOperation Stormin August 1995.[7]
Gospić is the third smallestseat of a county governmentin Croatia. Its status as the county capital helped to spur some development in it, but the town as well as the entire region have suffered a constant decrease in population over the last several decades.
Gospić is also the site of one of the regional branches of theCroatian State Archives,theDržavni arhiv Gospić,at Kaniška 17. It was founded 30 September 1999 and officially opened 1 September 2000 in a renovated building and now houses historical documents of relevance to the Lika-Senj region which were formerly housed in the Regional Archive at Karlovac.
In 2013, CroatianPrime MinisterZoran Milanovićurged the town's authorities to allow for a replica of the Tesla statue that had been destroyed in 1992 to be reinstated. The mayor of Gospić at the time, Milan Kolić, refused to give his approval for such a move and instead vowed to erect a statue of wartime Croatian PresidentFranjo Tuđmanon the spot where the Tesla statue had once stood.[8]In 2021, under mayor Karlo Starčević, the town renamed a square after Tesla, and theCroatian Ministry of Culturesponsored a new statue on the square, a replica of theFrano Kršinićoriginal.[9]
People
[edit]- Šime Starčević,priest and linguist
- Josip Filipović,Austro-Hungariangeneral
- Ante Starčević,politician and writer
- Ferdinand Kovačević,engineer and inventor
- Nikola Tesla,scientist and inventor
- Miroslav Kraljević,painter
- Marko Orešković,PartisanandPeople's Hero of Yugoslavia
- Kata Pejnović,feminist and politician
- Edo Kovačević,artist
- Milan Mandarić,businessman
- Josip Čorak,wrestler
- Nikica Valentić,politician
- Darko Milinović,gynecologist and politician
- Nikoslav Bjegović,Serbian professional footballer
- Dušan Dragosavac,Croatian Serb politician who served as President of theLeague of Communists of Yugoslavia
- Predrag Šuput,Serbian basketball player
- Jakov Blažević
Gallery
[edit]-
Ante Starčević Square
-
Defenders memorial
-
Nikola Tesla Memorial Centerin the nearby village of Smiljan
-
Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary cathedral
-
Vila VelebitaFountain
-
CardinalAlojzije Stepinacbust in city park
-
Kolakovac park
-
Coffeehouse in the town centre
-
Nikola Teslastatue
Climate
[edit]Gospić has ahumid continental climate,Dfb by Köppen climate classification, with mean temperatures varying from −0.9 °C (30.4 °F) in January to 18.1 °C (64.6 °F) in July. Being situated higher than 500 metres (1,640 ft)above sea level,the area experiences high diurnal ranges, especially in summer, and frost has been recorded in every month except for July. The record low and high temperatures are −33.5 °C (−28.3 °F) and 38.7 °C (101.7 °F), respectively. Gospić is also quite a rainy city, with a slight summer minimum, but it experiences plentiful precipitation all year long, with the maximum being in autumn. During winter, Gospić can get strong blizzards, with on average 5.1 days a year when more than 50 cm (20 in) falls, and 16.1 days when more than 30 cm (12 in) falls. Its record snow cover was 285 cm (112.2 in), and it was measured in February 1916.
Climate data for Gospić (1971–2000, extremes 1872–2015) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 16.0 (60.8) |
20.1 (68.2) |
23.4 (74.1) |
27.9 (82.2) |
31.6 (88.9) |
35.4 (95.7) |
38.7 (101.7) |
37.2 (99.0) |
33.3 (91.9) |
28.8 (83.8) |
25.7 (78.3) |
16.9 (62.4) |
38.7 (101.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.3 (37.9) |
5.4 (41.7) |
9.7 (49.5) |
13.5 (56.3) |
19.0 (66.2) |
22.5 (72.5) |
25.2 (77.4) |
25.4 (77.7) |
20.8 (69.4) |
15.3 (59.5) |
8.5 (47.3) |
3.9 (39.0) |
14.4 (57.9) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.8 (30.6) |
0.3 (32.5) |
4.1 (39.4) |
8.0 (46.4) |
13.0 (55.4) |
16.3 (61.3) |
18.5 (65.3) |
17.9 (64.2) |
13.6 (56.5) |
9.1 (48.4) |
3.8 (38.8) |
0.0 (32.0) |
8.7 (47.7) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.0 (23.0) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
2.5 (36.5) |
6.5 (43.7) |
9.4 (48.9) |
10.9 (51.6) |
10.5 (50.9) |
7.5 (45.5) |
4.1 (39.4) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
3.1 (37.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | −32.6 (−26.7) |
−33.5 (−28.3) |
−23.6 (−10.5) |
−10.5 (13.1) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
2.4 (36.3) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−13.7 (7.3) |
−23.2 (−9.8) |
−27.0 (−16.6) |
−33.5 (−28.3) |
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 101.8 (4.01) |
98.8 (3.89) |
95.2 (3.75) |
108.9 (4.29) |
108.4 (4.27) |
95.4 (3.76) |
60.4 (2.38) |
83.1 (3.27) |
140.4 (5.53) |
156.5 (6.16) |
175.4 (6.91) |
141.9 (5.59) |
1,365.9 (53.78) |
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 12.7 | 11.6 | 12.4 | 13.8 | 13.2 | 11.9 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 11.2 | 12.4 | 13.8 | 13.5 | 143.0 |
Average snowy days(≥ 1.0 cm) | 16.0 | 14.5 | 9.1 | 2.6 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 6.5 | 16.0 | 65.2 |
Averagerelative humidity(%) | 84.3 | 79.9 | 74.8 | 72.5 | 72.5 | 72.3 | 70.3 | 73.0 | 78.9 | 81.2 | 84.1 | 86.2 | 77.5 |
Mean monthlysunshine hours | 68.2 | 101.7 | 145.7 | 165.0 | 226.3 | 249.0 | 303.8 | 272.8 | 192.0 | 130.2 | 69.0 | 55.8 | 1,979.5 |
Percentpossible sunshine | 25 | 38 | 43 | 44 | 54 | 59 | 70 | 67 | 55 | 42 | 27 | 21 | 48 |
Source:Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service[10][11] |
Demographics
[edit]Ethnic group | 1948 | 1953 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991[12] | 2001[13] | 2011[14] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Croats | 24,307 (65.02%) | 18,525 (59.25%) | 18,613 (64.07%) | 12,050 (92.84%) | 11,860 (93.06%) | |||
Serbs | 11,801 (31.56%) | 9,283 (29.69%) | 8,976 (30.89%) | 625 (4.82%) | 609 (4.78%) | |||
Yugoslavs | 635 (1.69%) | 2,907 (9.29%) | 513 (1.76%) | |||||
Others | 640 (1.71%) | 548 (1.75%) | 947 (3.26%) | 305 (2.35%) | ||||
Total[15] | 26,920 | 26,285 | 27,390 | 37,383 | 31,263 | 29,049 | 12,980 | 12,745 |
1948 | 1953 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991[12] | 2001[13] | 2011[14] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4,204[15] | 5,127[15] | 6,767[15] | 8,046[15] | 8,725[15] | 9,025 | 6,088 | 5,795 |
Politics
[edit]Minority councils and representatives
[edit]Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for the local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs.[16]At the2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives electionsSerbs of Croatiafulfilled legal requirements to elect 15 members minority council of the Town of Gospić with only 13 members being elected in the end.[17]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Register of spatial units of the State Geodetic Administration of the Republic of Croatia.WikidataQ119585703.
- ^"Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements"(xlsx).Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in 2021.Zagreb:Croatian Bureau of Statistics.2022.
- ^Handbook of Austria and Lombardy-Venetia Cancellations on the Postage Stamp Issues 1850–1864, by Edwin MUELLER, 1961.
- ^Biondich, Mark (2011).The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence Since 1878.Oxford University Press. pp. 136–137.ISBN978-0-19929-905-8.
- ^Israeli, Raphael (4 March 2013).The Death Camps of Croatia: Visions and Revisions, 1941–1945.Transaction Publishers. p. 77.ISBN978-1-4128-4930-2.
- ^Radovi (Filozofski Fakultet Zagreb. Humanisticke i Drustvene Znanosti).Zavod. 2007. p. 355.
Procjenjuje se daje u logorskom kompleksu Gospić-Velebit-Pag (Mirko Peršen, Đuro Zatezalo, Ilija Jakovljević) pogubljeno oko 24.000 ljudi.
- ^abSchäuble, Michaela (2014).Narrating Victimhood: Gender, Religion and the Making of Place in Post-War Croatia.Berghahn Books. p. 317.ISBN9781782382614.
- ^abPavelic, Boris (23 January 2013)."Bring Nikola Tesla Monument Back, Urges Croatia PM".Balkan Insight.Retrieved24 January2020.
- ^Zebić, Enis (4 May 2021)."U Gospić vraćen spomenik Nikoli Tesli uništen 1992"(in Croatian).Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.Retrieved22 July2024.
- ^"Gospić Climate Normals"(PDF).Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 3 March 2016.Retrieved3 December2015.
- ^"Mjesečne vrijednosti za Gospić u razdoblju1872−2015"(in Croatian). Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Archived fromthe originalon 17 November 2018.Retrieved16 July2017.
- ^ab"Naselja i stanovništvo RH od 1857–2001. godine", Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, 2005.
- ^ab"2001 census by settlement".Central Bureau of Statistics (Croatia)(in Croatian). 31 March 2001.Retrieved17 September2010.
- ^ab"Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2011 Census: Gospić".Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011.Zagreb:Croatian Bureau of Statistics.December 2012.
- ^abcdefCroatia censuses 1948–1991
- ^"Manjinski izbori prve nedjelje u svibnju, kreću i edukacije".T-portal.13 March 2023.Retrieved10 June2023.
- ^"Informacija o konačnim rezultatima izbora članova vijeća i izbora predstavnika nacionalnih manjina 2023. IX. LIČKO-SENJSKA ŽUPANIJA"(PDF)(in Croatian). Državno izborno povjerenstvo Republike Hrvatske. 2023. p. 4. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 13 June 2023.Retrieved13 June2023.
External links
[edit]- City of Gospić(Croatian)