Governorate

Agovernorateorgovernateis anadministrative divisionof a state that is headed by agovernor.AsEnglish-speakingnations tend to call regions administered by governors eitherstatesorprovinces,the termgovernorateis typically used tocalquedivisions of non-English-speaking administrations.

The most common usage are as a translation ofPersian"Farmandari" or theArabicMuhafazah.^[1]It may also refer to theguberniyaandgeneral-gubernatorstvoofImperial Russiaor thegobiernosofImperial Spain.

Arab countries[edit]

The termgovernorateis widely used in Arab countries to describe an administrative unit. Some governorates combine more than oneMuhafazah;others closely follow traditional boundaries inherited from theOttoman Empire'svilayetsystem.

With the exception of Tunisia, all translations into the term governorate originate in the Arabic wordmuhafazah(Arabic:مُحَافَظَة).

Governorates of Bahrain
Governorates of Egypt
Governorates of Iraq(official translation, sometimes also translated as province)
Governorates of Jordan
Governorates of Kuwait
Governorates of Lebanon
Governorates of Oman
Governorates of Palestine
Governorates of Saudi Arabia
Governorates of Syria
Governorates of Tunisia(the local term iswilayah)
Governorates of Yemen

Germany[edit]

In the modernGerman statesofBaden-Württemberg,Bavaria,Hesse,andNorth Rhine-Westphalia,as well as others in the past, there are sub-state administrative regions calledRegierungsbezirke,lit. 'governmental districts',which are sometimes translated into English as "governorates" (also "regions" or "counties" in the US sense).^[2]^[3]

During the time of theThird Reich,a "General Governmentfor the Occupied Polish Areas "(German:Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete) existed. The German (based on a traditionalPrussianterm) is sometimes translated asGeneral Governorate.

Greece[edit]

The "New Lands" added to theKingdom of Greeceby the 1912–1913First Balkan War—Epirus, Macedonia, Crete, and islands in the easternAegean Sea—initially continued theirOttomandivisions and administrators but these were overseen by new Greek governor generals. The territory was reorganized in 1915 amid theFirst World War,but the governorate generals (Greek:Γενικαὶ Διοικήσεις,Genikaí Dioikíseis,sing.Γενική Διοίκησις,Genikí Dioíkisis) continued in use in various forms until their complete abolishment in 1955.

Italian Empire[edit]

Governorates of Italian East Africa

Portuguese Empire[edit]

In thePortuguese Empire,a governorate general (Portuguese:governo-geral) were a colonial administration. They usually were created in order to be a centralized government over smaller colonies or territories of the Portuguese Empire.

Governorate Generals of the Portuguese Empire:

Governorate General of Brazil(1549-1572 / 1578-1607 / 1613–1621)
Governorate General of Bahia(1572-1578 / 1607–1613)
Governorate General of Rio de Janeiro(1572-1578 / 1607–1613)

Romania[edit]

During World War II,Romaniaadministrated three governorates, two of them part of Romania, theBessarabia Governorateand theBukovina Governorate,and one under Romanian administration, but not as an integral part of Romania, theTransnistria Governorate.

Russian Empire[edit]

Congress Kingdom of Poland[edit]

SeeSubdivisions of Congress Poland

Grand Duchy of Finland[edit]

Governorates of the Grand Principality of Finland

Spanish Empire[edit]

In theSpanish Empire,thegobernaciones( "governorships" or "governorates" ) were an administrative division, roughly analogous to aprovincedirectly beneath the level of theaudienciaorcaptaincy general,and theviceroyin areas directly under the viceroy's administration. The powers and duties of agovernorwere identical to acorregidorbut a governor managed a larger or more prosperous area than the former.

Ukraine[edit]

WhenUkraineclaimed autonomy in 1917 and then independence from Russia in 1918, it inherited the imperial subdivision of its land with nine governorates, twookruhas,and three cities with special status. Each governorate (Ukrainianhuberniia) was subdivided by the smaller unit of county (povit) and still smallervolost.

By the end of theSoviet-Ukrainian warin 1920, the Soviets had made them part of theUkrainian SSR.^[4]Soviet Ukraine was reorganized into twelve governorates, which were reduced to nine in 1922, and then replaced withokruhasin 1925.^[5]

Vatican City[edit]

Under theFundamental Law of Vatican City State,thepope'sexecutive authorityforVatican Cityis exercised by thePontifical Commission for Vatican City State,a legislative body ledex officioby the President of the Governorate of Vatican City State. The other key officers of the Governorate are the General Secretary and the Vice General Secretary. All three officers are appointed by the pope for five-year terms.^[6]

References[edit]

^Law, Gwillim (November 23, 1999).Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 Through 1998.McFarland.ISBN 978-0-7864-6097-7.
^"English Translation of" Regierungsbezirk "| Collins German-English Dictionary".Collins German-English Dictionary.April 15, 2022.Archivedfrom the original on April 15, 2022.RetrievedApril 15,2022.
^Leipzig, F.A. Brockhaus Verlag (1928).Der Grosse Brockhaus: Handbuch des Wissens, Volume 1(in German). Leipzig, Germany:Brockhaus.p. 274.
^Zadorozhnii, Oleksandr (2016).International law in the relations of Ukraine and the Russian Federation.Kyiv: Ukrainian Association of International Law. pp. 54, 60.ISBN 978-617-684-146-3.OCLC 973559701.
^Kohut, Zenon E.; Nebesio, Bohdan Y.; Yurkevich, Myroslav (2005). "Administrative Divisions of Ukraine".Historical dictionary of Ukraine.Bohdan Y. Nebesio, Myroslav Yurkevich. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press.ISBN 0-8108-5387-6.OCLC 57002343.
^Pope John Paul II(November 26, 2000)."Fundamental Law of Vatican City State"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on February 26, 2008.Retrieved2008-01-23.

[1] Law, Gwillim (November 23, 1999).Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 Through 1998.McFarland.ISBN 978-0-7864-6097-7.

[2] "English Translation of" Regierungsbezirk "| Collins German-English Dictionary".Collins German-English Dictionary.April 15, 2022.Archivedfrom the original on April 15, 2022.RetrievedApril 15,2022.

[3] Leipzig, F.A. Brockhaus Verlag (1928).Der Grosse Brockhaus: Handbuch des Wissens, Volume 1(in German). Leipzig, Germany:Brockhaus.p. 274.

[:1-4] Zadorozhnii, Oleksandr (2016).International law in the relations of Ukraine and the Russian Federation.Kyiv: Ukrainian Association of International Law. pp. 54, 60.ISBN 978-617-684-146-3.OCLC 973559701.

[:0-5] Kohut, Zenon E.; Nebesio, Bohdan Y.; Yurkevich, Myroslav (2005). "Administrative Divisions of Ukraine".Historical dictionary of Ukraine.Bohdan Y. Nebesio, Myroslav Yurkevich. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press.ISBN 0-8108-5387-6.OCLC 57002343.

[6] Pope John Paul II(November 26, 2000)."Fundamental Law of Vatican City State"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on February 26, 2008.Retrieved2008-01-23.

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