Jump to content

Grand Theft Auto

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the video game series. For the crime, seemotor vehicle theft.For the first game in the series, seeGrand Theft Auto(video game).For other uses, seeGrand theft auto (disambiguation).

Grand Theft Auto
Logo sinceGrand Theft Auto III(2001)
Genre(s)Action-adventure
Developer(s)
Publisher(s)Rockstar Games
Creator(s)
Platform(s)
First releaseGrand Theft Auto
28 November 1997
Latest releaseGrand Theft Auto: The Trilogy – The Definitive Edition
11 November 2021

Grand Theft Auto(GTA) is anaction-adventure video gameseries created byDavid JonesandMike Dailly.[2]Later titles were developed under the oversight of brothersDanandSam Houser,Leslie Benziesand Aaron Garbut. It is primarily developed by British development houseRockstar North(formerly DMA Design), and published by its American parent company,Rockstar Games.The name of the series is a term formotor vehicle theftin the United States.

Gameplayfocuses on anopen worldwhere the player can complete missions to progress an overall story, as well asengage in various side activities.Most of the gameplay revolves around driving and shooting, with occasionalrole-playingandstealthelements. The series also has elements of the earlierbeat 'em upgames from the16-bit era.The games in theGrand Theft Autoseries are set in fictional locales modelled after real-life cities, at various points in time from the early 1960s to the 2010s. The original game's map encompassed three cities—Liberty City (based onNew York City), San Andreas (based onSan Francisco),[a]and Vice City (based onMiami)—but later titles tend to focus on a single setting and expand upon the original three locales. Each game in the series centres on different respectiveprotagonistwho attempts to rise through the criminal underworld due to various motives, often accompanying themes of betrayal. Several film and music veterans have voiced characters in the games, includingRay Liotta,Dennis Hopper,Samuel L. Jackson,William Fichtner,James Woods,Debbie Harry,Axl RoseandPeter Fonda.[3]

DMA Designbegan the series in 1997, with the release of theGrand Theft Auto.As of 2020,the series consists of seven standalone titles and fourexpansion packs.The third main title,Grand Theft Auto III,released in 2001, is considered a landmark game, and brought the series into athree-dimensionalenvironment for the first time. Subsequent titles have followed and built upon the format established byGrand Theft Auto III,receiving significant acclaim. The games influenced other open-world games, and led to the labelGrand Theft Autocloneon similar titles.[4]

The series has been critically acclaimed, with all the main 3D entries in the franchise frequently ranked among thegreatestandbest-selling video games;[5]it has shipped more than 425 million units, making it one of thebest-selling video game franchises.In 2006,Grand Theft Autowas featured in a list of British design icons in the Great British Design Quest organised by theBBCand theDesign Museum.[6]In 2013,The TelegraphrankedGrand Theft Autoamong Britain's most successful exports.[7]The series has also beencontroversialfor itsadultnature and violent themes, as well as for cut content.

Series history

Main series

Release timeline
2D universe3D universeHD universe[8]
1997Grand Theft Auto
1998
1999Grand Theft Auto: London 1969
Grand Theft Auto: London 1961
Grand Theft Auto 2
2000
2001Grand Theft Auto III
2002Grand Theft Auto: Vice City
2003Grand Theft Auto: Double Pack
2004Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
Grand Theft Auto Advance
2005Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy
Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories
2006Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories
2007
2008Grand Theft Auto IV
2009Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned
Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars
Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony
2010
2011
2012
2013Grand Theft Auto V
Grand Theft Auto Online
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy – The Definitive Edition
2022
2023
2024
2025Grand Theft Auto VI

TheGrand Theft Autoseries is split into separatefictional universes,named after the primary level of graphics capability used in each era.[8]The originalGrand Theft Auto,its expansions and its sequel are considered the "2D universe".Grand Theft Auto IIIand its sequels are considered the "3D universe".Grand Theft Auto IV,its expansions andGrand Theft Auto Vare considered the "HD universe". Each universe is considered separate with only brands, place names and background characters shared between them.[8]

Grand Theft Auto,the first game in the series, was released forMS-DOSandWindowsin November 1997, ported to thePlayStationin 1998 and theGame Boy Colorin 1999.Grand Theft Auto 2was released in 1999 for Windows, later receiving ports on the PlayStation,Dreamcastand Game Boy Color.[9]

ThePlayStation 2also featured three instalments of the main series, all of which have been re-released on several platforms; a deal betweenTake-Two InteractiveandSony Computer Entertainmentresulted in their timed exclusivity on the PlayStation 2, before receiving ports to Windows and theXbox.[10]The 2001 titleGrand Theft Auto IIImoved away from thetwo-dimension (2D) graphicsused in the first two games tothree-dimension (3D) computer graphics[11]Grand Theft Auto: Vice Citywas published in 2002, and was the first to feature a speaking protagonist, voiced byRay Liotta.[12]Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas,released in 2004, introduced various new elements, including character customisation and a large map encompassing three cities and surrounding rural area.[13]

Two main instalments were published for thePlayStation 3andXbox 360.The 2008 titleGrand Theft Auto IVfocused on realism and detail, removing various customisation features, while adding anonline multiplayermode.[14]Grand Theft Auto V,published in 2013, featured three playable protagonists.[15]It was released to massive financial success, breaking multiple records.[16]It was laterre-releasedwith various enhancements, in 2014 for thePlayStation 4andXbox One,and in 2015 for Windows;[17]versions forPlayStation 5andXbox Series X and Swere released in 2022.[18]

On 4 February 2022, Rockstar confirmed that development of a new entry in the series was "well underway".[19]In-development footage of the game leaked in September 2022;[20][21]Rockstar noted that it was "extremely disappointed" by the manner in which the game was first demonstrated, but that it did not anticipate long-term effects on development.[22]In December 2023, the game was officially announced asGrand Theft Auto VI,with a projected release date of 2025 for the PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S.[23]

Other games

Grand Theft Autohas spawned numerous additional games andexpansion packs.In 1999, the original game received two expansion packs:Grand Theft Auto: London 1969andGrand Theft Auto: London 1961,which, as their names suggest, featured a different setting – a fictional version ofLondon– and new missions and characters.[9]Grand Theft Auto Advance,released in 2004 exclusively for theGame Boy Advance,featured atop-down perspective,similarly to the first two main games in the series, and the same setting asGrand Theft Auto III,to which it served as a prequel. Three games were released for thePlayStation Portable:Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Storiesin 2005, which is also a prequel toGrand Theft Auto III;Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Storiesin 2006, which is a prequel toVice City;andGrand Theft Auto: Chinatown Warsin 2009, which features the same setting asGrand Theft Auto IV,but the two games are otherwise unrelated. BothLiberty City StoriesandVice City Storieswere later ported to the PlayStation 2, whileChinatown Warswas originally released for theNintendo DSand later ported to PlayStation Portable.[24]In 2009,The Lost and DamnedandThe Ballad of Gay Tonywere released for theXbox 360as expansion packs toGrand Theft Auto IV;a "strategic alliance"between Rockstar andMicrosoftresulted in the timed exclusivity. The expansions focus on characters who played a relatively minor role in the main game, and whose stories take place simultaneously withGrand Theft Auto IV's. Both were later released for the PlayStation 3 and Windows as part of a compilation, titledGrand Theft Auto: Episodes from Liberty City,also available on Xbox 360.[25]

Numerous titles in the series have received ports tomobiledevices.Chinatown Warswas released foriOSin 2010 and forAndroidandFire OSin 2014.[26]For their tenth anniversaries,Grand Theft Auto IIIandVice Citywere both re-released for iOS and Android in 2011 and 2012, respectively.[27][28]In 2013,San Andreaswas ported to iOS, Android and Windows Phone and RT;[29]the mobile port was later re-released for Xbox 360 in 2014, the year of the game's tenth anniversary,[30]and the following year for PlayStation 3.[31]In 2015,Liberty City Storieswas ported to iOS, Android and Fire OS.[32][33]

Compilations

Grand Theft Auto Double Packwas released in 2003 for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox, and includes bothGrand Theft Auto IIIandVice City.[34]Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogyis a compilation ofIII,Vice City,andSan Andreas,and was first released in 2005 for the Xbox.[35]It was later re-released for the PlayStation 2, Windows, Mac OS X, and PlayStation 4.[36][37][38][39]The Trilogyalso served as the revised package forSan Andreas,which had to be pulled from shelves due to the controversialHot Coffeemod.[40]A report in August 2021 suggested thatRockstar Dundeewas leading development on aremasteredversion of the trilogy, usingUnreal Engine;[41]following some leaks,[42][43][44]Rockstar officially announcedGrand Theft Auto: The Trilogy – The Definitive Editionon 8 October 2021. The game features graphical and gameplay upgrades, and replaced existing versions on digital retailers. It was released for theNintendo Switch,PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S on 11 November 2021,[45]and for Android and iOS on 14 December 2023.[46]

Grand Theft Auto: Episodes from Liberty Cityis a standalone compilation of the two episodes forGrand Theft Auto IV.It contains bothThe Lost and DamnedandThe Ballad of Gay Tonyon one disc. It was released on 29 October 2009 for the Xbox 360 and on 13 April 2010 for PlayStation 3 and Windows. Microsoft addedEpisodes from Liberty Cityto itsbackwards compatibility list for Xbox Oneplatforms in February 2017.[47]The standalone release ofEpisodes from Liberty Cityfor Windows was discontinued and replaced by a single-player-only version ofGrand Theft Auto IV: Complete Editionin 2020.[48]

Titles

Year Title Developer Platform(s) Universe[8]
Home console Computer Handheld Mobile Other
Main series
1997 Grand Theft Auto DMA Design PS1
GBC 2D
1999 Grand Theft Auto 2
Windows GBC
2001 Grand Theft Auto III
3D
2002 Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Rockstar North
  • PS2
  • Xbox
  • Windows
  • OS X
  • Android
  • iOS
  • Fire OS
2004 Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
  • Windows
  • OS X
  • Android
  • iOS
  • WP
  • Fire OS
 Oculus Quest 2[C]
2008 Grand Theft Auto IV
  • PS3
  • Xbox 360
 Windows HD
2013 Grand Theft Auto V
Windows
2025 Grand Theft Auto VI TBA
  • PS5
  • Xbox Series X/S[23]
 TBA
Expansion packs
1999 Grand Theft Auto: London 1969 Rockstar Canada PS1
  • MS-DOS
  • Windows
 2D
Grand Theft Auto: London 1961
  • MS-DOS
  • Windows
2009 Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned Rockstar North
  • PS3
  • Xbox 360
 Windows HD
Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony
  • PS3
  • Xbox 360
 Windows
Handheld games
2004 Grand Theft Auto Advance Digital Eclipse GBA 3D
2005 Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories Rockstar Leeds PS2 PSP
  • iOS
  • Android
  • Fire OS
2006 Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories PS2 PSP
2009 Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars
  • iOS
  • Android
  • Fire OS
 HD
Compilations and remasters
1999 Grand Theft Auto: Director's Cut[D] DMA Design /
Rockstar Canada
  • PS1
  • MS-DOS
  • Windows
 2D
2003 Grand Theft Auto: The Classics Collection[E]
  • PS1
  • Windows
Grand Theft Auto: Double Pack[F] Rockstar North
  • PS2
  • Xbox
 3D
2005 Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy[G]
  • Xbox
  • PS2
  • Windows
  • OS X
2009 Grand Theft Auto: Double Pack[H] Rockstar Leeds
  • PS2
 PSP
Grand Theft Auto: Episodes from Liberty City[I] Rockstar North
  • Xbox 360
  • PS3
 Windows HD
2010 Grand Theft Auto IV: Complete Edition[J]
  • Xbox 360
  • PS3
 Windows
2021 Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy – The Definitive Edition[K] Grove Street Games
Windows Switch[L]
  • Android
  • iOS
 3D
Notes:
  1. ^Originally available on PlayStation 3 as part of thePlayStation 2 Classicsline via the PlayStation Network, but later replaced with a HD native release[49]
  2. ^Originally available on Xbox 360 as part of theXbox Originalsline via theXbox Live Marketplace,but later replaced with a HD native release[50]
  3. ^Avirtual realityversion ofSan Andreasis in development.[51]
  4. ^IncludesGrand Theft AutoandLondon 1969
  5. ^IncludesGrand Theft Auto,London 1969,andGrand Theft Auto 2
  6. ^IncludesGrand Theft Auto IIIandVice City
  7. ^IncludesGrand Theft Auto III,Vice City,andSan Andreas
  8. ^IncludesLiberty City StoriesandVice City Stories
  9. ^IncludesThe Lost and DamnedandThe Ballad of Gay Tony
  10. ^IncludesGrand Theft Auto IV,The Lost and DamnedandThe Ballad of Gay Tony
  11. ^Includes remastered versions ofGrand Theft Auto III,Vice City,andSan Andreas
  12. ^abThe Nintendo Switch is ahybrid console,combining features of home and handheld systems.

The series has been expanded into various other formats.Jacked: The Outlaw Story of Grand Theft Auto,a book written byDavid Kushnerchronicling the development of the series, was published in 2012.[52]In March 2015,BBC TwoannouncedThe Gamechangers,a 90-minutedocudramabased on the creation ofGrand Theft Auto.[53]Directed by Owen Harris and written by James Wood, the drama starsDaniel Radcliffeas Rockstar presidentSam HouserandBill Paxtonas disbarred attorneyJack Thompson.[54]In May 2015, Rockstar filed a lawsuit against the BBC for trademark infringement, stating that they had no involvement with the development of the film and had unsuccessfully tried to contact the BBC to resolve the matter.[55]It first aired on 15 September 2015 onBBC Two.[56]

In 2006,McFarland & CompanypublishedThe Meaning and Culture of Grand Theft Auto.[57]Compiled byNate Garrelts,the 264-page book is a collection of essays regarding theGrand Theft Autoseries, to help audiences better understand the games and to make a point about due diligence of game criticism. The book is divided into two parts: the first part discusses the controversies surrounding the series, while the second half takes a theoretical look at the games absent of the controversy.[58]

Roger Corman,who produced the unrelated 1977 filmGrand Theft Auto,claimed that any attempted film adaptation of the video game series was unable to proceed. In 2017, he claimed that he sued the "video game manufacturer who flat-out stole the idea", and that they "settled out of court and they gave me some money".[59]He said that he retains the rights, "but the way it was actually written in the contract is a little bit cloudy", and that his lawyers were analysing the contract to ensure that he can remake the film.[59]Take-Two Interactive responded to Corman's claims, noting that the company "owns all rights for films related to theGrand Theft Autovideo game series ", and that it" can and will take appropriate legal action against anyone attempting to misuse our intellectual property by attempting to make a new film titledGrand Theft Auto";[59]it claimed to have successfully taken legal action against similar attempts in the past.[59]

Common elements

Gameplay

Each game in this series allows the player to take on the role of a criminal in the big city, typically an individual who ends up rising through the ranks oforganised crimethrough the course of the game. The player is given various missions by kingpins and major idols in the city underworld which must be completed to progress through the storyline. Assassinations and otherviolent crimesare featured regularly. Occasionally,taxidriving,firefighting,street racing,bus driving,or learning to flyhelicoptersandfixed-wing aircraftare also involved in the game.

In later titles, notably those released afterGrand Theft Auto 2,the player is given a more developed storyline in which they are forced to overcome an unfortunate event (e.g., being betrayed and left for dead), which serves as motivation for the character to advance up the criminal ladder and ultimately leads to the triumph of the character by the end of the storyline.

TheGrand Theft Autoseries belongs to a genre offree-roamingrole-playing video games calledopen worldgames, and grants a large amount of freedom to the player. Traditional action games are structured as a single track series of levels withlinear gameplay,but inGrand Theft Autothe player can determine the missions that they want to undertake, and their relationship with various characters are changed based on these choices. Influenced by the earlier gameTurbo Esprit,[60][61]the cities of the games can be roamed freely at any point in the game, and are examples ofopen worldvideo game environments which offer accessible buildings with minor missions in addition to the main storyline. There are exceptions: missions follow a linear, overarching plot. These missions are required to complete in order to unlock new areas in the game.

Grand Theft Auto IIIand subsequent games have more voice acting and radio stations, which simulate driving to music with disc jockeys, radio personalities,commercials,talk radio,pop music,and American culture.

The use of vehicles in an explorable urban environment provides a basic simulation of a working city, complete with pedestrians who generally obey traffic signals. Further details are used to flesh out an open-ended atmosphere that has been used in several other games, such asThe Simpsons: Hit & Run,which has less emphasis on crime or violence, andLego City Undercover,which reverses the roles of police officer and criminal, although the player goes undercover in gangs for a portion of the game.

Criminal activities inGrand Theft Autogames do not go unnoticed by the police. As the player engages in these in-game illegal activities, they may gain a "wanted level", represented by a maximum of five or six stars. A small crime, such as running over anon-player character,may create a one star wanted level situation, while shooting an officer may earn more stars. As the number of stars increase, the amount and strength of the response will increase; a single star might have a few police cars chase after the player, while at 5 or 6 stars, tanks and attack helicopters will chase down the player. Many in-game missions will automatically give the player a wanted level after completing a certain event which they must then get rid of before the mission is complete. Often, trying to keep away from the police while wanted will cause the player to gain even higher wanted levels. The player can remove their character's wanted level by avoiding detection or spending in-game money at specific locations to elude the police (such as a mod shop to repaint their car). Alternatively, if the player-character dies, they willrespawnat a hospital and the wanted level will be removed, though the player may lose money, guns, and other benefits they had before being chased. The "wanted level" gameplay concept has become common insimilar open world games.

Setting

MostGrand Theft Autogames are set in fictional parodies of well-knownUnited Statescities, in a number of different time periods. The games are split into three different universes (2D, 3D, and HD), each with their own reinterpretations of previously established settings. The universes share the names of cities, several brands, and background characters who never make physical appearances in the games (with a few exceptions), but are otherwise considered to be separate continuities.[8]

Liberty City

New York City, which serves as the basis for Liberty City

Liberty City, based onNew York City,is one of the three original cities introduced inGrand Theft Auto.It is the first setting available to the player. The city encompasses two landmasses (a large one in the southeast and a smaller one in the northeast) and aManhattan-like central island; two smaller islands are featured along the river that separates the three main islands. The setting also incorporates the neighbouring state of New Guernsey (a parody ofNew Jersey), which occupies the northwest portion of the map. All four major islands are divided into multiple districts, inspired by New York and New Jersey's boroughs.

A redesigned version of Liberty City was introduced inGrand Theft Auto III(set in 2001). This iteration is only loosely based on New York, and incorporates elements from other U.S. cities, such asPhiladelphia,Detroit,Boston,Chicago,andBaltimore.[62]The city encompasses three main islands, which are gradually unlocked as the game's storyline progresses: Portland (based on the industrial areas ofBrooklynandQueens,with additional elements from Manhattan andLong Island), Staunton Island (based mostly on Manhattan), and Shoreside Vale (loosely based onNorth Jersey,The Bronx,Staten Island,andUpstate New York). The islands are connected by road bridges and an underground tunnel system. A tunnel leading out of Liberty City can be found in Shoreside Vale, but it is impassable by the player. This particular version of Liberty City returned in the prequelsGrand Theft Auto Advance(set in 2000) andGrand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories(set in 1998), albeit with several changes to reflect the different time periods. The city was also mentioned inGrand Theft Auto: Vice CityandGrand Theft Auto: San Andreas,and was the setting of a mission in the latter.

A third version of Liberty City was featured inGrand Theft Auto IV,its expansion packsThe Lost and DamnedandThe Ballad of Gay Tony(all three set in 2008), and the handheld gameGrand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars(set in 2009). This iteration closely resembles New York, and consists of four main boroughs, which become available to explore as the story progresses: Broker (based on Brooklyn), Dukes (Queens), Bohan (The Bronx), and Algonquin (Manhattan).[63]The placement of these boroughs mirrors that of their real-life counterparts: Broker and Dukes occupy a large landmass in the southeast, while Bohan forms its own, smaller island in the northeast, and Algonquin acts as the city's central island. The setting also incorporates three smaller islands—Charge Island (Randall's Island), Colony Island (Roosevelt Island), and Happiness Island (Liberty Island)—and a fourth landmass, Alderney, which is located west of Algonquin and regarded as its own independent state (similarly to New Jersey). Alderney is absent inChinatown Wars.[64]All islands, barring Happiness Island, are connected by road bridges, underground tunnels, and asubway system;none of which lead out of the city.

San Andreas

San Francisco, initially the basis for San Andreas and later San Fierro
Las Vegas, the basis for Las Venturas
Los Angeles, the basis for Los Santos

San Andreas, based onSan Francisco,is one of the three original cities introduced inGrand Theft Auto.It is the second setting available to the player. The locale encompasses two landmasses: a large northern portion, which is divided into fifteen districts and generally considered to be the city's core, and a smaller island in the southeast, consisting of only one district, which acts as the city's docks area. The northern landmass is further divided by Aye Valley, which cuts through the heart of the area from the east to the west.

A reimagined version of San Andreas was featured inGrand Theft Auto: San Andreas(set in 1992), as a state rather than a city. Based onCaliforniaandNevada,the state encompasses two landmasses, separated by a river and surrounded by a large body of water. The southern portion of the map features the cities of Los Santos (based onLos Angeles) and San Fierro (San Francisco), separated by vast forest and mountain areas. By contrast, the northern portion is one large desert region and incorporates only one city, Las Venturas (Las Vegas). Both landmasses feature additional rural settlements, which are less inhabited than the three major cities. The cities are connected by a train track system, and each one features an airport, which can be used tofast travelfrom a city to another. At the beginning of the game, players only have access to Los Santos, with the rest of the map being gradually unlocked as the story progresses.

A third version of San Andreas appeared inGrand Theft Auto V(set in 2013), again imagined as a state. The game features only the southern portion of the state, which is depicted as a large island. The southern portion of the island is occupied mostly by the city of Los Santos (which resembles Los Angeles much more closely than itsSan Andreascounterpart), while the northern portion, known as Blaine County, is less inhabited, featuring vast areas of desert, forest, and mountain, and only a few small towns.[65]This version of San Andreas is currently the only setting in the series that doesn't feature any map limitations, allowing players to explore the entire island at the beginning of the game. Los Angeles was extensively researched forGrand Theft Auto V.The team organised field research trips with tour guides and architectural historians and captured around 250,000 photos and hours of video footage during these visits.[66]Since the release of the game, hundreds of in-game buildings have been identified as being based on real-world landmarks.[67]The New Yorker's Sam Sweet notes that, with sales of the game reaching thirteen million copies, "there will be more people living in the imaginary state of Los Santos than in the real city on which it was modelled."[68]

Vice City

Miami, which serves as the basis for Vice City

Vice City, based onMiami,is one of the three original cities introduced inGrand Theft Auto.It is the third setting available to the player. The city encompasses one large landmass, divided into eight districts which form the city's core, and a smaller island, Vice Beach, in the northeast. Like its real-life counterpart, Vice City is depicted as a tropical city, easily distinguished from the other two in the game by its beaches and palm trees.

A redesigned version of Vice City was introduced inGrand Theft Auto: Vice City(set in 1986). The city consists of two main landmasses, Vice City Beach and Vice City Mainland, separated by a large body of water and connected to each other and to two smaller islands, Starfish Island and Prawn Island, by a series of road bridges. At the beginning of the game, the player only has access to Vice City Beach, with the rest of the city being gradually unlocked as the story progresses. The same setting would be later used in the prequelGrand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories(set in 1984), albeit with several changes to reflect the different time period.

A third version of Vice City will be featured as the main setting of the upcomingGrand Theft Auto VI.

Other settings

TheLondon 1969andLondon 1961expansion packs forGrand Theft Autotake place within a fictionalised version ofLondonduring the 1960s. As such, they are the only games in the series to be set outside of the United States. The portion of the city used in the games is based onCentral London,although heavily condensed and mostly geographically inaccurate. It consists of two landmasses, separated by theRiver Thamesand connected by several road bridges. A fictionalised version ofManchesteris also featured in the games.

Grand Theft Auto 2is set in Anywhere City, a fictional US retro futuristic metropolis with no apparent inspiration from any real-life city. The setting consists of three areas, which the player will switch between as the story progresses: the Downtown District, the Residential District, and the Industrial District. Each district is depicted as its own individual island. The game is set in an unspecified time period—conflicting sources suggest anything from "three weeks into the future",[69]to the year 2013,[70]while the game itself features several references to the "new millennium" that is coming, implying that the year is 1999.[70]

Grand Theft Auto Vfeatures the fictional town of Ludendorff in the state of North Yankton, which is the setting of two missions and is inaccessible outside of the storyline.[71]The 2020 update forGrand Theft Auto Online,The Cayo Perico Heist,introduced the eponymous fictional island, a "tropical paradise" off theCaribbeancoast ofColombiaprivately owned by notorious drug lord Juan "El Rubio" Strickler. The island is used as both atransshipmentbase and a partying place by El Rubio, and draws inspiration fromNorman's CayandHacienda Nápoles.[72]Cayo Perico is the first setting in the series not located in the United States since London.

Voice acting

The series has included a wide variety ofvoice actors.The originalGrand Theft Auto,itsmission packsand itssequel,as well asGrand Theft Auto AdvanceandChinatown Warsdid not feature any voice credited to specific roles.[73][74]The first game in the series to do so wasGrand Theft Auto IIIwhich, despite a limited budget and the series' low profile at the time,[75]featured several notable actors from film and television. These includedFrank Vincent,Michael MadsenandKyle MacLachlan,who all had prominent roles. At the time it was rare for a video game to use such high-profile actors, andGrand Theft Auto IIIis considered a pioneer in doing so.[76]The next game,Grand Theft Auto: Vice City,featured more film actors, includingRay Liottaas the player character. Although the following title,Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas,also featured many notable film actors—such asSamuel L. Jackson,Peter FondaandJames Woods—it had been decided that the use of such actors should be reduced, particularly for leading roles. As a result, many of the prominent roles inSan Andreaswere voiced by lower profile actors or rappers.[77][78]

FromLiberty City Storiesthrough toGrand Theft Auto V,the series has continued using lesser known actors to voice main characters, but still uses celebrities and real-life radio personalities to voice the DJs of the many radio stations featured in each game. Some games also feature celebrities portraying themselves, such asLazlow Jones,Phil Collins,[79]Ricky Gervais,[80]Katt Williams,[81]andDr. Dre.[82]

Controversies

According toThe Guinness World Records2008 and 2009 Gamer's Edition, it is the most controversial video game series in history, with over 4,000 articles published about it, which include accusations ofglamorisingviolence, corrupting gamers, and connection to real life crimes.[83]

Grand Theft Auto

The game was controversial from the first incarnation of the series.[84]Grand Theft Autowas condemned in Britain, Germany, and France due to its "extreme violence",[85]and Brazil banned it outright.[85]PublicistMax Cliffordplanted sensational stories intabloidsin order to help sell the first game.[84][86][87]

Grand Theft Auto III

See also:Grand Theft Auto III § Controversies

The controversies flared up again withGrand Theft Auto III,since the 3D graphics made the violence more realistic, and players could pay for the services of prostitutes to restore their health, and if they wished, kill them to get some of their money back.[87]

There is also criticism from the focus on illegal activities in comparison with traditional "heroic" roles that other games offer. The main character can commit a wide variety of crimes and violent acts while dealing with only temporary consequences, including the killing of policemen and military personnel.

Vice City

See also:Grand Theft Auto: Vice City § Controversies

The sixth game in the series,Grand Theft Auto: Vice City,also came under criticism. One mission in particular, in which the player must instigate agang warbetween Haitian and Cuban gangs, has been controversial. Haitian and Cuban anti-defamation groups criticised the game.

Jean-Robert Lafortune of the Haitian American Grassroots Coalition is quoted as saying that "The game shouldn't be designed to destroy human life, it shouldn't be designed to destroy an ethnic group," for this and similar scenarios, including lines in the game's script such as "kill the Haitian dickheads" said by character "Diaz" during an altercation between the player and a Haitian gang. After the threat of a lawsuit by the Haitian-American Grassroots Coalition, Rockstar removed the word "Haitians" from this phrase in the game's subtitles.[88]

San Andreas

Main article:Hot Coffee (minigame)

San Andreaswas criticised initially due to its "gangster" elements, which include drugs, prostitution, and murder. It later received additional criticism after the discovery of an interactive sexminigame,nicknamed Hot Coffee; initially cut from the game, it remained in the game code, and was discovered in both the console and Windows versions of the game.

After the release ofSan Andreas,moddersmanaged to find the unused code in the game and releasedunofficial patchesfor the Windows and Xbox (with amodchip)versionsas well as aPlayStation 2version through the use of anAction Replaycode enabling the player to engage in these sexual mini-games (dubbed "Hot Coffee" in reference to a euphemism for sex used in the game). These mini-games were left partially intact in the game's code. This prompted application of an AO (Adults Only)ESRBrating to the version of the game containing the leftover code. Take-Two Interactive was forced to re-release the game in order to restore the M (Mature) rating. A class action lawsuit against Take-Two was also filed as a result of the "Hot Coffee" code.[89][90]

Grand Theft Auto IV

Main article:Controversies surrounding Grand Theft Auto IV

One of the controversies involved with this game wasMothers Against Drunk Driving's (MADD) criticism of the ability todrink and driveas a new feature. MADD had even requestedESRBto change the rating of the game from "M" for ages seventeen and up to "AO", for adults only, because they felt it was inappropriate for children, even at the age of seventeen, to experience drunk driving in such a manner.[91]In the final game, drunk driving is a playable event, but it is a crime that automatically generates a wanted rating[92]and main playable characterNiko Bellicloudly (and drunkenly) proclaims that it is a "bad idea" and that he "should know better".[93]

Notably, it is impossible to drive while drunk in theGTA IVexpansions,The Lost and DamnedandThe Ballad of Gay Tony.These were released after the criticism. It is, however, possible to drive drunk again in the successor,Grand Theft Auto V.[94]

The Lost and Damned

See also:Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned § Controversy

The Lost and Damnedexpansion pack forGrand Theft Auto IVwas condemned by US parents group Common Sense Media who issued a public warning against the pack's content due to a full-frontalnudityscene during one of the cutscenes. They claimed the game was "more controversial than its predecessors" because it featured "full frontal male nudity".[95]

Chinatown Wars

See also:Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars § Controversy

Nintendo wanted us to makeGrand Theft Auto,and we wanted to make a game on their platform. They didn't want us to make aGrand Theft Autofor kids, and we weren't interested in making a game we wouldn't normally make.

Dan Houser, on the making ofChinatown Warsfor theNintendo DS[96]

There has been some controversy over a drug dealing minigame[97]along with comments that some Nintendo games are being aimed at children (despite the fact that the game was rated Mature). The drug dealing mini-game allows players to peddle six types of drugs around the city, but the profit the player makes depends on market conditions, which will be based on the area in which they deal, and the level of regular service this area receives from them.[98][99]

Grand Theft Auto V

Main article:Controversies surrounding Grand Theft Auto V

A segment in the latest instalment caused controversy for scenes containing player-initiated torture. The mission "By the Book" features graphic depictions of kneecapping, electrocution, dental extraction and waterboarding, and the player is required to perform an act of torture in order to progress in the game.[100][101][102]

UK-based charityFreedom from Torturepublicly condemned the use of torture scenes inGrand Theft Auto V.The organisation, who works to rehabilitate survivors of torture, joined other human rights charities who were outraged at a torture scene in the game in which the players have to pull teeth andelectrocutean unarmed man in order to extract information. The charity's CEO Keith Best stated: "Rockstar North has crossed a line by effectively forcing people to take on the role of a torturer and perform a series of unspeakable acts if they want to achieve success in the game."[100]

The game has also been accused of sexism. TheLos Angeles Timesconsidered the game's satirical portrayals of women uncreative, and added that violent and sexist themes hurt the game experience.[103]Edgenoted that while "every female in the game exists solely to be sneered, leered or laughed at", it treated its all-male lead characters in a similar vein through their stereotyped tendencies towards violence.[104]Sam Houser,Rockstar Games co-founder, felt that the development team sometimes overlooked their portrayal of women inGrand Theft Autogames, but that the weight towards male characters "fit with the story we wanted to tell".[105]

Lawsuits

Several celebrities have sued Rockstar Games and/or Take-Two Interactive for purportedly violating theirintellectual propertyorpersonality rights,including hip-hop artistDaz Dillinger,[106]Karen Gravano ofMob Wives,[107]and actressLindsay Lohan.[108]

Lawsuits involving Jack Thompson

Further information:Jack Thompson (activist) § Grand Theft Auto

Former lawyerJack Thompsonhas been involved in a number of attempts to get families of murder victims to hold theGrand Theft Autoseries accountable for the death of their loved ones. Due to his conduct in this and related cases, Thompson wasdisbarredin 2008[109]and was fined more than $100,000 by theFlorida BarAssociation.[110]

On 20 October 2003, the families of Aaron Hamel and Kimberly Bede, two young people shot by teens William and Josh Buckner (who in statements to investigators claimed their actions were inspired byGrand Theft Auto III) filed a US$246 million lawsuit against publishersRockstar Games,Take-Two InteractiveSoftware, retailerWalmart,and PlayStation 2 manufacturerSony Computer Entertainment America.[111][112]Rockstar and its parent company, Take-Two, filed for dismissal of the lawsuit, stating inUS District Courton 29 October 2003 that the "ideas and concepts as well as the 'purported psychological effects' on the Buckners are protected by theFirst Amendment'sfree-speech clause ". The lawyer of the victims, Jack Thompson, denied that, but failed in his attempt to move the lawsuit into a state court and underTennessee's consumer protection act.[113]Two days later, the plaintiffs filed a Notice of Voluntary Dismissal, and the case was closed.

In February 2005, alawsuitwas brought upon the makers and distributors of theGrand Theft Autoseries claiming the games caused a teenager to shoot and kill three members of theAlabamapolice force. The shooting took place in June 2003 whenDevin Moore,17 years old at the time, was taken in for questioning by police inFayette, Alabama,regarding a stolen vehicle. Moore then grabbed a pistol from one of the police officers and shot and killed him along with another officer and dispatcher before fleeing in a police car.[114][115]One of Moore's attorneys, Jack Thompson, claimed it wasGrand Theft Auto's graphic nature—with his constant playing time—that caused Moore to commit the murders, and Moore's family agrees. Damages were being sought from branches ofGameStopandWal-MartinJasper, Alabama,the stores from whichGrand Theft Auto IIIandGrand Theft Auto: Vice City,respectively, were purchased and also from the games' publisherTake-Two Interactive,and thePlayStation 2manufacturerSony Computer Entertainment.On 29 March 2006 the case was dismissed and permission to appeal was denied.[116]

In May 2005, Jack Thompson appeared via satellite on theGlenn Beckprogram onCNN'sHeadline News.Thompson mentioned Devin Moore and said, regardingGrand Theft Auto IIIandGrand Theft Auto: Vice City,"There's no doubt in my mind [...] that but for Devin Moore's training on this cop killing simulator, he would not have been able to kill three cops inFayette, Alabama,who are now dead and in the ground. We are suing Take-Two,Sony,Wal-Mart, and GameStop for having trained Devin Moore to kill. He had no history of violence. No criminal record. "[117]

In September 2006, Thompson brought another lawsuit, claiming that Cody Posey played the game obsessively before murdering his father Delbert Paul Posey, stepmother Tryone Schmid, and stepsister Marilea Schmid on a ranch inAlbuquerque, New Mexico.The suit was filed on behalf of the victims' families.[118]The suit alleged that were it not for his obsessive playing ofGrand Theft Auto: Vice City,the murders would not have taken place.[119]Named in the suit were Cody Posey, Rockstar Games, Take-Two Interactive, and Sony. The suit asked for US$600 million in damages.[120]During the criminal trial, Posey's defence team argued he was abused by his father, and tormented by his stepmother.[121]Posey was also takingZoloftat the time of the killings.[122]The lawsuit was dismissed in December 2007.[123]

Modding and fan recreations

Main article:Grand Theft Auto modding

ModdingofGrand Theft Autocontent, either withinGrand Theft Autogames or recreated via other software, has been generally performed by the player community since around the early 2000s, with one of the first major conversions being the recreation ofGrand Theft Auto III'sLiberty City within the game engine runningVice City.[124]Around 2017, Take Two began taking action against these mods, specifically issuing acease & desistletter to the makers ofOpenIV,a piece of software that allowed players to alter content fromGrand Theft Auto IVandV.Take-Two said at the time that its issue was not directly with the mod itself, but that it "enables recentmalicious modsthat allow harassment of players and interfere with theGTA Onlineexperience for everybody ", and that it was working withOpenIVto find an amenable solution.OpenIVdevelopers opted to remove the mod from circulation after several rounds of discussion with Take-Two.[125]Take-Two issued a statement to clarify that it would not take action against single-player mods;[126]this statement was updated in 2019 to exclude modders from including other Take-Two intellectual property or from "making new games, stories, missions, or maps".[124]

TheGrand Theft Automodding community worked under this response to continue to build mods and other content within the bounds set by Take-Two.[124]In February 2021, Take-Two, under theDigital Millennium Copyright Act(DMCA), issued a takedown request for two projects hosted onGitHubthat hadreverse-engineeredthe game engines forGrand Theft Auto IIIandVice City,asserting that such reverse-engineering was disallowed by the game'sEnd User License Agreement.[127]On 10 June 2021, the project developers filed a counter-notice; per DMCA rules regarding disputes, the source code was restored after two weeks.[128]Take-Two CEO Strauss Zelnick stated the company has a "pretty flexible" view on user mods, asserting that "if the economy is threatened, or if there's bad behaviour, and we know how to define that, then we would issue a takedown notice".[129]However, the company proceeded to continue to file a lawsuit in California against the programmers behind this effort in September 2021, asserting that the programmers "are well aware that they do not possess the right to copy, adapt, or distribute derivative GTA source code, or the audiovisual elements of the games, and that doing so constitutes copyright infringement."[130]As part of the lawsuit, Take-Two issued another takedown notice to GitHub to remove the mods in October 2021.[131]The modders, in their legal reply, asserted that use of the assets were withinfair use,as the reverse-engineered versions were transformative in nature and, as neither Rockstar nor Take Two had issued any updates for years, did not harm the commercial prospects of the games.[132]

Reception

Aggregate review scores
As of 5 February 2015.
Game GameRankings Metacritic
Grand Theft Auto (PC) 79%[133]
(PS1) 68%[134]
(GBC) 57%[135] 		—
London 1969 (PC) 75%[136]
(PS1) 69%[137] 		—
Grand Theft Auto 2 (PC) 72%[138]
(DC) 71%[139]
(PS1) 70%[140]
(GBC) 35%[141] 		(PS1) 70[142]
Grand Theft Auto III (PS2) 95%[143]
(PC) 94%[144] 		(PS2) 97[145]
(Xbox) 96[146]
(PC) 93[147]
Vice City (PS2) 94%[148]
(PC) 94%[149] 		(Xbox) 96[146]
(PS2) 95[150]
(PC) 94[151]
San Andreas (PS2) 95%[152]
(Xbox) 92%[153]
(PC) 92%[154] 		(PS2) 95[155]
(Xbox) 93[156]
(PC) 93[157]
Advance (GBA) 70%[158] (GBA) 68[159]
Liberty City Stories (PSP) 87%[160]
(PS2) 77%[161] 		(PSP) 88[162]
(PS2) 78[163]
Vice City Stories (PSP) 85%[164]
(PS2) 76%[165] 		(PSP) 86[166]
(PS2) 75[167]
Grand Theft Auto IV (PS3) 97%[168]
(X360) 97%[169]
(PC) 88%[170] 		(PS3) 98[171]
(X360) 98[172]
(PC) 90[173]
The Lost and Damned (PC) 94%[174]
(PS3) 94%[175]
(X360) 90%[176] 		(X360) 90[177]
(PS3) 88[178]
Chinatown Wars (NDS) 93%[179]
(PSP) 90%[180] 		(NDS) 93[181]
(PSP) 90[182]
The Ballad of Gay Tony (PC) 90%[183]
(PS3) 90%[184]
(X360) 90%[185] 		(X360) 89[186]
(PS3) 87[187]
Grand Theft Auto V (XONE) 98%[188]
(PS3) 97%[189]
(PS4) 96%[190]
(X360) 96%[191]
(PC) 95%[192] 		(XONE) 97[193]
(PS3) 97[194]
(PS4) 97[195]
(X360) 97[196]
(PC) 96[197]

Ever since the release ofGrand Theft Auto IIIin 2001, theGrand Theft Autoseries has been a major success, both critically and financially. It has shipped more than 425 million units,[198]making it one of thebest-selling video game franchisesof all time.[199]

In 2006,Grand Theft Autowas voted one of Britain's top 10 designs in the Great British Design Quest organised by theBBCand theDesign Museum.The game appeared in a list of British design icons which includedConcorde,Jaguar E-Type,Aston Martin DB5,Mini,World Wide Web,Tomb Raider,K2 telephone box,London tube map,AEC Routemasterbus and theSupermarine Spitfire.[6][200]

The series has broken several records, resulting in Guinness World Records awarding the series 10 world records in theGamer's Edition 2008.These records include Most Guest Stars in a Video Game Series, Largest Voice Cast in a Video Game (Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas), Largest In-Game Soundtrack (Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas) as well as Most Successful Entertainment Launch of All Time (Grand Theft Auto V). Guinness World Records also rankedGrand Theft Autoin third place on their list of top 50 console games of all time based on initial impact and lasting legacy.[201]Grand Theft Auto: San Andreasis listed as the most successful game on the PlayStation 2 according toThe Guinness World Records 2009 Gamer's Edition.

Grand Theft Auto III,San AndreasandVice Citycurrently lie at the 2nd, 5th and 6th highest rated PlayStation 2 games onMetacritic,respectively,[202]whileChinatown Warsis rated the best game on the Nintendo DS[203]and the second best on thePlayStation Portable,[204]andGrand Theft Auto IVis currently rated the second best game ever, with a score of 98, only trailing behindThe Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time.Also,Vice CityandGrand Theft Auto Vlie at 11th and 2nd best PC games of all time, on Metacritic.[205][206]Along with this,The Lost and DamnedandThe Ballad of Gay Tonyare currently placed 35th and 59th in the top Xbox 360 games.[207]

Sales

Year Game Sales Acquired label(s)
1997 Grand Theft Auto 3.5 million+[208] PS1Greatest Hits,Platinum
1999 Grand Theft Auto: London 1969 Un­known
Grand Theft Auto: London 1961 Un­known
Grand Theft Auto 2 1 million[209] PS1Greatest Hits
2001 Grand Theft Auto III 17.5 million[210] PS2Greatest Hits,Platinum
2002 Grand Theft Auto: Vice City 20 million[210] PS2Greatest Hits,Platinum
2004 Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas 27.5 million[211][212]
    • PS2Greatest Hits,Platinum
    • XboxPlatinum Hits

    • PS3Greatest Hits
    • Xbox 360Platinum Hits
Grand Theft Auto Advance 100,000
2005 Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories 8 million[210]
    • PSPGreatest Hits,Platinum
    • PS2Platinum
2006 Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories 4.5 million[210]
    • PSPGreatest Hits,Platinum
    • PS2Platinum
2008 Grand Theft Auto IV 25 million+[213][214]
    • PS3Greatest Hits,Platinum
    • Xbox 360Platinum Hits
2009 Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned 1 million+[215][216]
Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars 200,000[217] PSPGreatest Hits
Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony Un­known
Grand Theft Auto: Episodes from Liberty City 160,000+[218]
    • PS3Greatest Hits
    • Xbox 360Platinum Hits
2013 Grand Theft Auto V 200 million[198]
    • PS3Greatest Hits
    • Xbox 360Platinum Hits
Total series sales: 425 million[198]

Similar games

See also:Grand Theft Auto clone

The release ofGrand Theft Auto IIIis treated as a major event in thehistory of video games,considered a revolutionary title in the medium, much like the release ofDoomnearly a decade earlier.[219]

During interviews to mark the 10th anniversary of the release ofGrand Theft Auto III,producer of theStreet Fighterseries,Yoshinori Ono,said "It would be no exaggeration to say thatGrand Theft Auto IIIchanged the industry, and we can basically separate the time before and after its emergence as distinct eras. "In the same articleBethesda Game Studiosdirector,Todd Howard,said "The mark of a truly great game is how many people try to recapture or emulate it and fail. There's a long line behind this one."[220]

Subsequent games that follow this formula of driving and shooting have been called "Grand Theft Autoclones ". Some reviewers even extended this label to theDriverseries,even though this series began years before the release ofGrand Theft Auto III.[221]Grand Theft Autoclones are a type of3Daction-adventure game,[222][223][224][225][226]where players are given the ability to drive any vehicle or fire any weapon as they explore anopen world.[227]These games often incorporate violent and criminal themes. Notable games that are comparable toGrand Theft AutoareSaints Row,[228]Scarface: The World Is Yours,[229]True Crime: Streets of LA,[230][231]Watch Dogs,[232]Sleeping Dogs,[233]Just Cause,[234]Mafia[235]andThe Godfather.[236]

See also

Notes

  1. ^In later games, San Andreas is depicted as a state, mostly based onCaliforniaandNevada,while a new city based on San Francisco, San Fierro, is instead featured. Two additional cities, Los Santos (based onLos Angeles) and Las Venturas (based onLas Vegas) also exist in the state of San Andreas.

References

  1. ^David Jones Returns To APB – Edge MagazineArchived24 September 2014 at theWayback Machine.Edge-online.com (12 May 2011). Retrieved on 6 September 2012.
  2. ^ab"GTA:" Max Clifford made it all happen "".GamesIndustry.biz. 22 October 2012.Archivedfrom the original on 2 June 2015.Retrieved22 June2013.
  3. ^Orland, Kyle (14 September 2011)."Grand Theft Auto IVPasses 22M Shipped, Franchise Above 114M ".Gamasutra.Archivedfrom the original on 12 September 2015.Retrieved21 September2011.
  4. ^Gordon, Jeremy (22 October 2021)."After 'Grand Theft Auto III,' Open-World Games Were Never (and Always) the Same".The Ringer.Archivedfrom the original on 2 June 2023.Retrieved28 July2023.
  5. ^"The 50 best video games of the 21st century".The Guardian.19 September 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 22 September 2019.Retrieved23 June2021.
  6. ^ab"Long list unveiled for national vote on public's favourite example of Great British Design".BBC. 18 November 2016.Archivedfrom the original on 19 July 2019.Retrieved20 December2019.
  7. ^"GTA 5: a Great British export".The Telegraph.17 September 2015.Archivedfrom the original on 13 April 2018.Retrieved5 April2018.
  8. ^abcdeRockstar."Grand Theft Auto III: Your Questions Answered – Part One (Claude, Darkel & Other Characters)".Archivedfrom the original on 10 April 2016.Retrieved8 November2012.Rockstar:The "universes" are the worlds interpreted at different definitions, 2D, 3D and high definition, so we felt brands and radio/back ground characters would exist in both, but 3 dimensional characters would not.
  9. ^abUsher, William (14 March 2015)."Grand Theft Auto Drama Heading to BBC Television".Cinema Blend.Archivedfrom the original on 2 April 2015.Retrieved14 March2015.
  10. ^Walker, Trey (21 May 2002)."E3 2002: Sony gets Grand Theft Auto exclusive".GameSpot.CBS Interactive.Archivedfrom the original on 10 July 2017.Retrieved14 March2015.
  11. ^Moses, Travis (23 January 2008)."Preview: Grand Theft Auto IV".Gamepro.com. Archived fromthe originalon 22 April 2009.Retrieved21 July2009.
  12. ^McLaughlin, Rus; Thomas, Lucas M. (6 May 2013)."IGN Presents The History of Grand Theft Auto".IGN.Ziff Davis.p. 3.Archivedfrom the original on 2 April 2015.Retrieved14 March2015.
  13. ^McLaughlin, Rus; Thomas, Lucas M. (6 May 2013)."IGN Presents The History of Grand Theft Auto".IGN.Ziff Davis.p. 4.Archivedfrom the original on 2 April 2015.Retrieved14 March2015.
  14. ^McWhertor, Michael (2 August 2007)."Take-Two Execs Explain Grand Theft Auto IV Delay".Kotaku.Gawker Media.Archivedfrom the original on 17 December 2013.Retrieved14 March2015.
  15. ^R* Q (16 September 2013)."Grand Theft Auto V Reviews".Rockstar Games.Archivedfrom the original on 27 September 2013.Retrieved25 September2013.
  16. ^Karmali, Luke (9 October 2013)."GTA 5 Currently Holds Seven Guinness World Records".IGN.Archivedfrom the original on 11 October 2013.Retrieved10 October2013.
  17. ^R* Q (12 September 2014)."Grand Theft Auto V Release Dates and Exclusive Content Details for PlayStation 4, Xbox One and PC".Rockstar Newswire.Rockstar Games.Archivedfrom the original on 12 September 2014.Retrieved12 September2014.
  18. ^Scullion, Chris (9 September 2021)."Next-gen GTA V has been delayed until March 2022".Video Games Chronicle.Gamer Network.Archivedfrom the original on 9 September 2021.Retrieved10 September2021.
  19. ^Skrebels, Joe (4 February 2022)."GTA 6 Confirmed: Rockstar Finally Says It's in Development".IGN.Ziff Davis.Archivedfrom the original on 4 February 2022.Retrieved5 February2022.
  20. ^Warren, Tom (18 September 2022)."GTA 6 gameplay leaks online in 90 videos".The Verge.Vox Media.Archivedfrom the original on 18 September 2022.Retrieved18 September2022.
  21. ^Macgregor, Jody (18 September 2022)."Here's another alleged GTA 6 leak, this time with video".PC Gamer.Future plc.Archivedfrom the original on 18 September 2022.Retrieved18 September2022.
  22. ^Robinson, Andy (19 September 2022)."Rockstar comments on GTA 6 leak and claims project won't be delayed".Video Games Chronicle.Gamer Network.Archivedfrom the original on 19 September 2022.Retrieved19 September2022.
  23. ^abRamsey, Simon; Lewis, Alan (4 December 2023)."Rockstar Games AnnouncesGrand Theft Auto VI,Coming 2025 "(Press release).Take-Two Interactive.Archivedfrom the original on 5 December 2023.Retrieved5 December2023.
  24. ^Robert Purchese (22 June 2009)."Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars for PSP".Eurogamer.net.Archivedfrom the original on 22 July 2009.Retrieved21 July2009.
  25. ^Ashcraft, Brian (29 January 2010)."Grand Theft Auto: Episodes from Liberty City Announced for PS3 and PC".Kotaku.Gawker Media.Archivedfrom the original on 29 October 2018.Retrieved14 March2015.
  26. ^R* Q (18 December 2014)."Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars Updated for iOS and Now Available for Android and Amazon Devices".Rockstar Newswire.Rockstar Games.Archivedfrom the original on 8 May 2015.Retrieved14 March2015.
  27. ^Q, R*."Announcing Grand Theft Auto III: 10th Anniversary Edition for Select Mobile Devices & the Limited Edition Claude Action Figure".Archivedfrom the original on 14 January 2014.Retrieved17 October2011.
  28. ^"Grand Theft Auto: Vice City 10th Anniversary Edition Coming to iOS and Android Devices on December 6th".Rockstar Games. 21 November 2012.Archivedfrom the original on 11 April 2016.Retrieved30 April2013.
  29. ^Johnson, Leif (18 December 2013)."Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas iOS Review".IGN.Archivedfrom the original on 18 July 2016.Retrieved3 March2014.
  30. ^Makuch, Eddie (23 October 2014)."GTA: San Andreas Re-Release Coming to Xbox 360 [UPDATE]".GameSpot.CBS Interactive.Archivedfrom the original on 25 October 2014.Retrieved26 October2014.
  31. ^Harradence, Michael (16 November 2015)."GTA San Andreas for PS3 gets rated for upcoming re-release".psu.com.Archivedfrom the original on 17 November 2015.Retrieved18 November2015.
  32. ^Vas, Gergo (17 December 2015)."Kotaku".Archivedfrom the original on 19 December 2015.Retrieved18 December2015.
  33. ^Fingas, Roger (17 December 2015)."GTA: Liberty City Stories comes to iOS, Pixelmator adds Apple Pencil tilt to more brushes".Apple community.Archivedfrom the original on 18 December 2015.Retrieved18 December2015.
  34. ^Boulding, Aaron (4 November 2003)."Grand Theft Auto Double Pack".IGN.Ziff Davis.Archivedfrom the original on 1 November 2016.Retrieved28 March2017.
  35. ^"IGN: Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy".Uk.xbox.ign.com. Archived fromthe originalon 13 July 2011.Retrieved11 August2010.
  36. ^"IGN: Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy".Uk.ps2.ign.com. Archived fromthe originalon 9 April 2008.Retrieved11 August2010.
  37. ^"IGN: Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy".Uk.pc.ign.com. Archived fromthe originalon 31 March 2012.Retrieved11 August2010.
  38. ^"IGN: Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy".Uk.mac.ign.com. Archived fromthe originalon 19 November 2010.Retrieved19 October2010.
  39. ^"Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy on PS4".12 January 2016.Archivedfrom the original on 29 October 2017.Retrieved13 January2016.
  40. ^"IGN: Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy".Xbox.ign.com. Archived fromthe originalon 2 November 2005.Retrieved11 August2010.
  41. ^Zwiezen, Zack (12 August 2021)."The GTA Remastered Trilogy Appears To Be Real, And Coming To Switch".Kotaku.Archivedfrom the original on 12 August 2021.Retrieved13 August2021.
  42. ^Zwiezen, Zack (30 September 2021)."The GTA Remastered Trilogy Sure Seems Imminent Now".Kotaku.Archivedfrom the original on 4 October 2021.Retrieved6 October2021.
  43. ^Stanton, Rich (30 September 2021)."Grand Theft Auto Trilogy: The Definitive Edition is happening".PC Gamer.Archivedfrom the original on 30 September 2021.Retrieved6 October2021.
  44. ^Chalk, Andy (5 October 2021)."Rockstar Launcher update points another finger at a remastered Grand Theft Auto trilogy".PC Gamer.Archivedfrom the original on 5 October 2021.Retrieved6 October2021.
  45. ^Skrebels, Joe (22 October 2021)."Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy – The Definitive Edition Gets Gameplay Trailer, November Release Date".IGN.Ziff Davis.Archivedfrom the original on 22 October 2021.Retrieved22 October2021.
  46. ^Patches, Matt (29 November 2023)."Netflix has landed The Grand Theft Auto Trilogy".Polygon.Vox Media.Archivedfrom the original on 29 November 2023.Retrieved30 November2023.
  47. ^Matulef, Jeffrey (9 February 2017)."Grand Theft Auto 4 and Episodes from Liberty City get Xbox One backwards compatibility".Eurogamer.Archivedfrom the original on 9 February 2017.Retrieved10 February2017.
  48. ^Teuton, Christopher (19 February 2020)."Major Changes Are Coming To GTA IV And Episodes From Liberty City".ScreenRant.Archivedfrom the original on 24 June 2021.Retrieved18 June2021.
  49. ^Harradence, Michael (16 November 2015)."GTA San Andreas for PS3 gets rated for upcoming re-release".psu.com.Archivedfrom the original on 17 November 2015.Retrieved18 November2015.
  50. ^Makuch, Eddie (23 October 2014)."GTA: San Andreas Re-Release Coming to Xbox 360 [UPDATE]".GameSpot.CBS Interactive.Archivedfrom the original on 25 October 2014.Retrieved25 October2014.
  51. ^Fenlon, Wes (28 October 2021)."Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas is coming to VR".PC Gamer.Future plc.Archivedfrom the original on 29 October 2021.Retrieved29 October2021.
  52. ^GameSpot Staff (1 March 2012)."By the Book: Jacked: The Outlaw Story of Grand Theft Auto".GameSpot.CBS Interactive.Archivedfrom the original on 12 January 2015.Retrieved14 March2015.
  53. ^Makuch, Eddie (12 March 2015)."Grand Theft Auto TV Drama Announced".GameSpot.CBS Interactive.Archivedfrom the original on 14 March 2015.Retrieved14 March2015.
  54. ^Makuch, Eddie (22 April 2015)."GTA Drama Casts Daniel Radcliffe and Bill Paxton".GameSpot.CBS Interactive.Archivedfrom the original on 23 April 2015.Retrieved23 April2015.
  55. ^Krupa, Daniel (21 May 2015)."Rockstar Games Files Lawsuit Against the BBC".IGN.Ziff Davis.Archived fromthe originalon 21 May 2015.Retrieved23 May2015.
  56. ^Rymer, Barbara."The Gamechangers".BBC.Archivedfrom the original on 5 September 2015.Retrieved5 September2015.
  57. ^Dredge, Stuart (5 December 2006)."Top 10 things you never knew about Grand Theft Auto (because you're not brainy enough)".TechDigest.Archivedfrom the original on 18 May 2015.Retrieved17 June2015.
  58. ^Quijano-Cruz, Johansen (21 September 2008)."Using Literary Theory to Read Games: Power, Ideology, and Repression in Atlus' Growlanser: Heritage of War".Eludamos. Journal for Computer Game Culture.2(2): 161–168.doi:10.7557/23.5979.ISSN1866-6124.S2CID59490226.Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2015.Retrieved17 June2015.
  59. ^abcdMcKittrick, Christopher."Seven Decades of Cinematic Storytelling: Roger Corman on Screenwriting".Creative Screenwriting.Archivedfrom the original on 15 March 2017.Retrieved14 March2017.
  60. ^Retrorevival: Turbo Esprit,Retro Gamerissue 20, page 48.Imagine Publishing,2006.
  61. ^Charlie Brooker's Gameswipe,BBC Television,2009. "Grand Theft Autodirectly inspired by the pioneering Spectrum gameTurbo Esprit"
  62. ^Goldstein, Hilary (28 March 2008)."Grand Theft Auto IV: Building a Brave New World".IGN.Archivedfrom the original on 21 December 2013.Retrieved3 May2008.
  63. ^Moore, Matthew (14 May 2008)."Grand Theft Auto IV: Photos reveal similarities between Liberty City and New York City".The Daily Telegraph.London.Archivedfrom the original on 19 December 2008.Retrieved12 November2008.
  64. ^Welsh, Oli (17 November 2008)."GTA DS to feature most of IV's map".Eurogamer.Gamer Network.Archivedfrom the original on 30 November 2019.Retrieved7 May2020.
  65. ^Rockstar GamesGrand Theft Auto V Official AnnouncementArchived11 October 2012 at theWayback Machine.Retrieved 26 November 2012.
  66. ^Bernstein, Joseph (13 August 2013).""Way Beyond Anything We've Done Before": Building The World Of "Grand Theft Auto V"".BuzzFeed.Archivedfrom the original on 15 August 2013.Retrieved3 September2013.
  67. ^"Los Santos Landmarks Map".1 December 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 19 April 2014.Retrieved18 April2014.
  68. ^Sweet, Sam (20 September 2013)."Idling in Los Santos".The New Yorker.Archivedfrom the original on 9 May 2015.Retrieved29 September2013.
  69. ^"GTA2 – Frameset".Rockstar Games.Archivedfrom the original on 29 December 2010.Retrieved5 February2011.
  70. ^ab"GTA2 – Individual Police Files".Rockstar Games.Archivedfrom the original on 3 February 2009.Retrieved29 April2007.
  71. ^Rockstar North(17 September 2013).Grand Theft Auto V.Rockstar Games.Level/area: Prologue, Bury the Hatchet.
  72. ^Rockstar North(17 September 2013).Grand Theft Auto Online.Rockstar Games.Level/area: The Cayo Perico Heist.
  73. ^"Grand Theft Auto instruction manual (PC) (in English)"(PDF).Rockstar Games.1997.Archivedfrom the original on 10 July 2021.Retrieved1 June2008.
  74. ^"Grand Theft Auto 2 instruction manual (PC) (in English)"(PDF).Rockstar Games.1999.Archivedfrom the original on 14 February 2019.Retrieved1 June2008.
  75. ^"Grand Theft Auto: the Inside Story".Edge magazine.16 March 2008. Archived fromthe originalon 26 April 2012.Retrieved11 May2008.
  76. ^"Video game review: Grand Theft Auto III".The Daily Telegraph.London. 15 April 2008. Archived fromthe originalon 30 April 2008.Retrieved1 June2008.
  77. ^Whitehead, Dan (26 August 2012)."Retrospective: Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas".Eurogamer.Archivedfrom the original on 13 August 2020.Retrieved12 May2020.
  78. ^Steinberg, Nick (15 October 2018)."Rockstar Won't Hire Famous Actors For Its Games Anymore And Burt Reynolds Is (Partly) To Blame".Goliath.Archivedfrom the original on 14 August 2020.Retrieved12 May2020.
  79. ^Hill, Matt (22 October 2016)."25 GTA celebrity guest stars that stole the game".Digital Spy.Archivedfrom the original on 13 December 2019.Retrieved13 December2019.
  80. ^Schiesel, Seth (28 April 2008)."Grand Theft Auto IV: Dystopian Liberty City".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on 1 January 2022.Retrieved22 August2017.
  81. ^Zwiezen, Zack (5 September 2018)."The Real-Life Celebrities Who Appeared In GTA".Kotaku Australia.Archivedfrom the original on 17 April 2020.Retrieved17 March2020.
  82. ^Cowen, Trace (15 December 2020)."Dr. Dre and Jimmy Iovine Featured in New 'GTA V' Heist Update".Complex.Archivedfrom the original on 15 December 2020.Retrieved16 December2020.
  83. ^Guinness World Records,ed. (February 2009).Guinness World Records 2009 Gamer's Edition.Guinness World Records. pp.108–109.ISBN978-1-904994-45-9.
  84. ^abgamesindustry.biz (11 September 2003)."Grand Theft Auto in the dock over JP road killing".The Register.Archivedfrom the original on 29 April 2009.Retrieved21 July2009.
  85. ^abMcLaughlin, Rus; Thomas, Lucas M. (6 May 2013)."IGN Presents: The History of Grand Theft Auto".IGN.Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2015.Retrieved21 December2013.
  86. ^Peter Ross (27 April 2008)."Grand Theft Auto IV Joyride".Scotland on Sunday.Archivedfrom the original on 2 May 2008.
  87. ^abSam Gibson (6 May 2013)."The history of Grand Theft Auto".IGN.com.Archivedfrom the original on 8 November 2017.Retrieved20 December2017.
  88. ^"Take-Two self-censoring Vice City".GameSpot.Archived fromthe originalon 29 September 2007.Retrieved2 May2008.
  89. ^"IGN: Hot Coffee Lawsuit Finally Mopped Up".IGN.9 November 2007.Archivedfrom the original on 12 November 2007.Retrieved2 May2008.
  90. ^"Take-Two Announces 'Hot Coffee' Lawsuit Settlements".Gamasutra.Archivedfrom the original on 21 May 2008.Retrieved2 May2008.
  91. ^Sinclair, Brendan (30 April 2008)."Mothers against GTAIV's drunk driving".GameSpot.Archivedfrom the original on 22 March 2014.Retrieved13 October2008.
  92. ^Sterling, Jim (3 May 2008)."Does GTA IV promote drunk driving?".Destructoid.Archivedfrom the original on 27 July 2020.Retrieved17 April2020.
  93. ^Grand Theft Auto IV,Xbox 360/PlayStation 3 release.
  94. ^"GTA V players can drive drunk as ESRB states".Attack of the Fanboy.21 August 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 18 September 2015.Retrieved5 September2015.
  95. ^"Parents Group Warns Against Lost And Damned Nudity".Wired.com.21 February 2009.Archivedfrom the original on 27 March 2009.Retrieved15 July2009.
  96. ^"Houser:" Nintendo didn't want us to make GTA for kids "".D+PAD. 25 September 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 11 February 2011.Retrieved20 August2011.
  97. ^Langshaw, Mark (24 April 2011)."Feature: Video Game Controversy".Digital Spy.Archivedfrom the original on 25 April 2011.Retrieved20 August2011.
  98. ^L.B. Jeffries."Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars Features Drug-Dealing Minigame".Escapistmagazine.com.Archivedfrom the original on 10 October 2012.Retrieved20 August2011.
  99. ^"Rockstar: Nintendo wanted a bad ass Grand Theft Auto title".Infendo.com. 24 September 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 28 September 2011.Retrieved20 August2011.
  100. ^abAlex Hern (18 September 2013)."Grand Theft Auto 5 under fire for graphic torture scene".Tech in America.Archivedfrom the original on 28 September 2013.Retrieved5 November2013.
  101. ^Martin Bagot (17 September 2013)."Grand Theft Auto 5 torture row: Teachers slam scenes of extreme violence in most expensive game ever made – Mirror Online".Mirror.co.uk.Archivedfrom the original on 15 November 2013.Retrieved5 November2013.
  102. ^"Why Grand Theft Auto 5's most controversial mission may be unpleasant and repulsive but there is a message behind the degradation – Dan Silver – Mirror Online".Mirror.co.uk. 17 September 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 20 October 2013.Retrieved5 November2013.
  103. ^Martens, Todd (20 September 2013)."'Grand Theft Auto V' review: Stubborn sexism, violence ruin game play ".Los Angeles Times.Archivedfrom the original on 23 October 2013.Retrieved8 October2013.
  104. ^Edge Staff (November 2013)."Play: Economies of scale".Edge.No. 259.Future plc.pp. 85–88.Archivedfrom the original on 19 September 2013.Retrieved7 July2014.
  105. ^Suellentrop, Chris (16 September 2013)."Grand Theft Auto V Is a Return to the Comedy of Violence".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on 25 November 2013.Retrieved4 October2013.
  106. ^Staff (11 October 2013)."Daz Dillinger accuses Grand Theft Auto V of Stealing his Beats".Pitchfork.Archivedfrom the original on 14 October 2013.Retrieved14 October2013.
  107. ^Jackson, Mike (27 February 2014)."Mob Wives' Karen Gravano suing Rockstar over GTA V character".Computer and Video Games.Archivedfrom the original on 7 July 2014.Retrieved15 April2014.
  108. ^"Lindsay Lohan is suing the makers of Grand Theft Auto V".Newsbeat.BBC. 2 July 2014.Archivedfrom the original on 3 July 2014.Retrieved2 July2014.
  109. ^"Disbarred!"Archived26 September 2008 at theWayback Machine,GamePolitics.com, 25 September 2008
  110. ^"Judge's report recommending Permanent disbarment for Jack Thompson"Archived28 September 2008 at theWayback Machine,Gamepolitics.com, 9 July 2008
  111. ^"Lawsuit filed against Sony, Wal-Mart over game linked to shootings".CNN.Archived fromthe originalon 3 May 2006.Retrieved6 May2006.
  112. ^"Families sue overGrand Theft Auto III-inspired shooting ".GameSpot.Archived fromthe originalon 8 May 2004.Retrieved6 May2006.
  113. ^"Rockstar seeks to dismissGrand Theft Auto IIIlawsuit ".GameSpot.Archivedfrom the original on 23 January 2005.Retrieved6 May2006.
  114. ^"Suit: Video Game Sparked Police Shootings".ABC News.7 March 2005. Archived fromthe originalon 7 March 2005.
  115. ^"Grand Theft Autosparks another lawsuit ".GameSpot.Archivedfrom the original on 1 February 2009.Retrieved18 August2006.
  116. ^Reeves, Jay "Court rejects appeal in Alabama suit blaming game for slayingsArchived29 October 2008 at theWayback Machine".Associated Press,29 March 2006.
  117. ^CNN Headline News – Grand Theft Morality Pt.2Archived8 January 2015 at theWayback MachineYouTube. Retrieved 7 May 2008. Update There is 1.234 dislikes
  118. ^"Video-game maker blamed in '04 killing".The Albuquerque Tribune.Archived fromthe originalon 25 August 2007.Retrieved27 September2006.
  119. ^"Antigame Crusader in ABQ".ABQnewsSeeker.Archivedfrom the original on 27 September 2007.Retrieved27 September2006.
  120. ^"Jack Thompson becomes boring".Joystiq.27 September 2006.Archivedfrom the original on 11 October 2007.Retrieved11 July2007.
  121. ^"Jack Thompson Lawsuit to be Filed in Albuquerque".Game Politics.com.25 September 2006. Archived fromthe originalon 11 October 2007.Retrieved11 July2007.
  122. ^"Vera Ockenfels, the Cody Posey defence team's mitigation specialist, discusses his conviction (transcript) (Feb. 8, 2006)".CourtTV.Archived fromthe originalon 2 May 2008.Retrieved27 September2006.
  123. ^Chalk, Andy (20 May 2008)."Vice City Wrongful Death Suit Dismissed".Archivedfrom the original on 20 December 2016.Retrieved18 December2016.
  124. ^abcMacgregor, Jody (18 July 2021)."Take-Two has been issuing takedowns for GTA mods".PC Gamer.Archivedfrom the original on 18 July 2021.Retrieved18 July2021.
  125. ^Livingstone, Christopher (15 June 2017)."GTA modding tool OpenIV shuts down due to cease and desist from Take-Two".PC Gamer.Archivedfrom the original on 19 July 2021.Retrieved19 July2021.
  126. ^Livingstone, Christopher (23 June 2017)."Rockstar is talking with OpenIV developer, issues new statement on mods".PC Gamer.Archivedfrom the original on 18 July 2021.Retrieved19 July2021.
  127. ^Yin-Poole, Wesley (20 February 2021)."GTA 3 and Vice City reverse-engineering fan project hit with DMCA takedown".Eurogamer.Gamer Network.Archivedfrom the original on 20 February 2021.Retrieved22 February2021.
  128. ^Yin-Poole, Wesley (28 June 2021)."GTA 3 and Vice City reverse-engineering fan project back online after Take-Two takedown".Eurogamer.Gamer Network.Archivedfrom the original on 28 June 2021.Retrieved5 August2021.
  129. ^Bailey, Dustin (2 August 2021)."Take-Two says it's" pretty flexible "when it comes to DMCAing GTA mods".PCGamesN.Archivedfrom the original on 5 August 2021.Retrieved2 August2021.
  130. ^Scullion, Chris (3 September 2021)."Take-Two is suing the creators of GTA 3 and Vice City reverse engineering projects".Video Games Chronicle.Archivedfrom the original on 3 September 2021.Retrieved3 September2021.
  131. ^Yin-Poole, Wesley (2 October 2021)."GTA reverse engineering fan projects pulled offline for a second time after yet another Take-Two takedown".Eurogamer.Archivedfrom the original on 2 October 2021.Retrieved2 October2021.
  132. ^Jones, Ali (17 November 2021)."GTA 3 and GTA Vice City modders fight back against copyright lawsuit".GamesRadar.Archivedfrom the original on 17 November 2021.Retrieved17 November2021.
  133. ^"Grand Theft Auto for PC".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 26 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  134. ^"Grand Theft Auto for PlayStation".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 26 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  135. ^"Grand Theft Auto for Game Boy Color".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 26 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  136. ^"Grand Theft Auto: Mission Pack #1: London 1969 for PC".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 26 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  137. ^"Grand Theft Auto Mission Pack #1: London 1969 for PlayStation".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 26 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  138. ^"Grand Theft Auto 2 for PC".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 26 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  139. ^"Grand Theft Auto 2 for Dreamcast".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 15 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  140. ^"Grand Theft Auto 2 for PC".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 26 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  141. ^"Grand Theft Auto 2 for Game Boy Color".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 26 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  142. ^"Grand Theft Auto 2Reviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 30 April 2013.Retrieved12 August2012.
  143. ^"Grand Theft Auto III for PlayStation 2".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 3 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  144. ^"Grand Theft Auto III for PC".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 6 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  145. ^"Grand Theft Auto IIIReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 6 January 2016.Retrieved12 August2012.
  146. ^ab"Grand Theft Auto Double Pack for Xbox Reviews".Metacritic.CBS Interactive.Archivedfrom the original on 24 June 2020.Retrieved26 July2020.
  147. ^"Grand Theft Auto IIIReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 6 January 2016.Retrieved12 August2012.
  148. ^"Grand Theft Auto: Vice City for PlayStation 2".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 6 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  149. ^"Grand Theft Auto: Vice City for PC".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 4 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  150. ^"Grand Theft Auto: Vice CityReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 12 April 2016.Retrieved12 August2012.
  151. ^"Grand Theft Auto: Vice CityReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 9 April 2016.Retrieved12 August2012.
  152. ^"Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas for PlayStation 2".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 3 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  153. ^"Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas for Xbox".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 4 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  154. ^"Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas for PC".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 6 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  155. ^"Grand Theft Auto: San AndreasReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 29 March 2016.Retrieved12 August2012.
  156. ^"Grand Theft Auto: San AndreasReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 13 April 2015.Retrieved12 August2012.
  157. ^"Grand Theft Auto: San AndreasReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 27 April 2015.Retrieved12 August2012.
  158. ^"Grand Theft Auto for Game Boy Advance".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 26 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  159. ^"Grand Theft AutoReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 30 April 2012.Retrieved12 August2012.
  160. ^"Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories for PSP".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 7 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  161. ^"Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories for PlayStation 2".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 16 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  162. ^"Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City StoriesReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 30 August 2011.Retrieved12 August2012.
  163. ^"Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City StoriesReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 15 April 2011.Retrieved12 August2012.
  164. ^"Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories for PSP".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 8 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  165. ^"Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories for PlayStation 2".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 17 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  166. ^"Grand Theft Auto: Vice City StoriesReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 8 January 2011.Retrieved12 August2012.
  167. ^"Grand Theft Auto: Vice City StoriesReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 23 August 2010.Retrieved12 August2012.
  168. ^"Grand Theft Auto IV for PlayStation 3".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 5 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  169. ^"Grand Theft Auto IV for Xbox 360".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 7 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  170. ^"Grand Theft Auto IV for PC".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 5 March 2009.Retrieved12 August2012.
  171. ^"Grand Theft Auto IVReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 25 June 2013.Retrieved12 August2012.
  172. ^"Grand Theft Auto IVReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 10 October 2014.Retrieved12 August2012.
  173. ^"Grand Theft Auto IVReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 3 December 2018.Retrieved12 August2012.
  174. ^"Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned for PC".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 21 April 2010.Retrieved12 August2012.
  175. ^"Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned for PlayStation 3".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 26 April 2010.Retrieved12 August2012.
  176. ^"Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned for Xbox 360".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 2 January 2010.Retrieved12 August2012.
  177. ^"Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and DamnedReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 27 August 2010.Retrieved12 August2012.
  178. ^"Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and DamnedReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 15 November 2010.Retrieved12 August2012.
  179. ^"Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars for DS".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 13 April 2010.Retrieved12 August2012.
  180. ^"Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars for PSP".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 7 September 2010.Retrieved12 August2012.
  181. ^"Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown WarsReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 27 September 2015.Retrieved12 August2012.
  182. ^"Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown WarsReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 3 May 2011.Retrieved12 August2012.
  183. ^"Grand Theft Auto IV: The Ballad of Gay Tony for PC".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 24 February 2011.Retrieved12 August2012.
  184. ^"Grand Theft Auto IV: The Ballad of Gay Tony for PlayStation 3".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 4 July 2010.Retrieved12 August2012.
  185. ^"Grand Theft Auto IV: The Ballad of Gay Tony for Xbox 360".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 20 June 2010.Retrieved12 August2012.
  186. ^"Grand Theft Auto IV: The Ballad of Gay TonyReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 29 August 2011.Retrieved12 August2012.
  187. ^"Grand Theft Auto IV: The Ballad of Gay TonyReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 25 February 2011.Retrieved12 August2012.
  188. ^"Grand Theft Auto V for Xbox One".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 23 December 2014.Retrieved5 February2015.
  189. ^"Grand Theft Auto V for PlayStation 3".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 9 January 2014.Retrieved5 February2015.
  190. ^"Grand Theft Auto V for PlayStation 4".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 23 December 2014.Retrieved5 February2015.
  191. ^"Grand Theft Auto V for Xbox 360".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 3 February 2014.Retrieved5 February2015.
  192. ^"Grand Theft Auto V for PC".GameRankings.Archived fromthe originalon 26 June 2015.Retrieved5 February2015.
  193. ^"Grand Theft Auto VReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 20 March 2017.Retrieved5 February2015.
  194. ^"Grand Theft Auto VReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 1 December 2013.Retrieved5 February2015.
  195. ^"Grand Theft Auto VReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 19 March 2017.Retrieved5 February2015.
  196. ^"Grand Theft Auto VReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 17 December 2013.Retrieved5 February2015.
  197. ^"Grand Theft Auto VReviews ".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 23 January 2014.Retrieved5 February2015.
  198. ^abcFranzese, Tomas (16 May 2024)."Rockstar's Grand Theft Auto 6 will launch in fall 2025, Take-Two confirms".Digital Trends.Archivedfrom the original on 16 May 2024.Retrieved17 May2024.
  199. ^Haywald, Justin (21 August 2015)."Grand Theft Auto Series Passes 220 Million Sales Worldwide".GameSpot.CBS Interactive.Archivedfrom the original on 20 March 2016.Retrieved26 August2015.
  200. ^"Concorde voted the UK's top icon".BBC. 18 November 2016.Archivedfrom the original on 3 September 2017.Retrieved18 November2016.
  201. ^Ivan, Tom (28 February 2009)."Guinness ranks top 50 games of all time".Computer and Video Games.Archived fromthe originalon 1 March 2009.Retrieved14 March2009.
  202. ^"Legacy Platform Games at Metacritic – Metacritic".Metacritic.com.Archivedfrom the original on 17 October 2013.Retrieved5 November2013.
  203. ^"New and Upcoming Nintendo 3DS Games at Metacritic – Metacritic".Metacritic.com.Archivedfrom the original on 3 November 2013.Retrieved5 November2013.
  204. ^"New and Upcoming PSP Games at Metacritic – Metacritic".Metacritic.com.Archivedfrom the original on 30 March 2014.Retrieved5 November2013.
  205. ^"New and Upcoming PC Games at Metacritic – Metacritic".Metacritic.com. 27 October 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 22 January 2014.Retrieved5 November2013.
  206. ^"Best PC Video Games of All Time".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on 16 March 2015.Retrieved14 August2016.
  207. ^"New and Upcoming Xbox 360 Games at Metacritic – Metacritic".Metacritic.com. 27 October 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 4 October 2011.Retrieved5 November2013.
  208. ^"Flourishing on the game".Evening Standard.20 October 1999. p. 36.Archivedfrom the original on 12 October 2021.Retrieved12 October2021– viaNewspapers.com.
  209. ^Lushen, Tim (11 October 1999)."Steal a car, run amok - it's Ok, it's a game".Evening Standard.p. 32.Archivedfrom the original on 5 March 2022.Retrieved5 March2022– viaNewspapers.com.
  210. ^abcdInternet Archive Wayback Machine.Web.archive.org (8 April 2008). Retrieved on 6 September 2012.
  211. ^GTA IV Overtakes San Andreas in Lifetime Sales [Correction].Kotaku.com (15 September 2011). Retrieved on 6 September 2012.Archived31 May 2016 at theWayback Machine
  212. ^CCBN – Lobby.Corporate-ir.net (26 September 2007). Retrieved on 6 September 2012.
  213. ^"Grand Theft Auto series shipments reach 125 million".GameSpot.com. 27 November 2012.Archivedfrom the original on 22 October 2013.Retrieved22 June2013.
  214. ^Vincent, James (7 October 2013)."GTA 5 has already beaten GTA 4's lifetime sales".The Independent.Archivedfrom the original on 7 July 2022.Retrieved7 July2022.
  215. ^GTA IV DLC to sell 2m by year endArchived2 February 2017 at theWayback Machineby Matt Martin (6 March 2009) Edge Magazine.com
  216. ^Analyst: Lost And Damned Sales At 1 Million, All-New GTA In 2010Archived22 February 2014 at theWayback Machine.Kotaku.com (6 March 2009). Retrieved on 6 September 2012.
  217. ^thorsen-ink."Only 200,000 Chinatown Wars sold in March?".GameSpot.com.Archivedfrom the original on 26 March 2014.Retrieved21 July2009.
  218. ^GTA: Episodes from Liberty City sells under 160K in Oct.-Nov.Archived10 October 2017 at theWayback Machineby Tor Thorsen (11 December 2009) GameSpot.com
  219. ^Game InformerIssue 138 p.73
  220. ^Page 2 – What devs think of Grand Theft Auto IIIArchived6 March 2014 at theWayback Machine.GamesRadar (18 October 2011). Retrieved on 6 September 2012.
  221. ^Jeff Gerstmann(14 March 2006)."Driver: Parallel Lines Review".GameSpot.Archivedfrom the original on 18 October 2016.Retrieved26 October2016.
  222. ^Chris Roper (18 September 2006)."The Godfather: Mob Wars".IGN.Archivedfrom the original on 19 October 2012.Retrieved25 July2008.
  223. ^Steve Tilley (1 April 2007)."Wii 'Godfather' for newbies only".CANOE.Archived from the original on 23 June 2007.Retrieved25 July2008.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  224. ^Sam Bishop (16 May 2003)."E3 2003: True Crime: Streets of LA Update".IGN.Archivedfrom the original on 22 March 2016.Retrieved25 July2008.
  225. ^Will Tuttle (30 August 2006)."GameSpyReview — Saints Row ".GameSpy.Archivedfrom the original on 17 May 2008.Retrieved25 July2008.
  226. ^Blake Snow (30 January 2008)."Just Cause 2 announced for Xbox 360, PS3, PC".GamePro.Archived fromthe originalon 1 February 2008.Retrieved24 July2008.
  227. ^"Crackdown Community Q&A".EuroGamer.27 March 2007.Archivedfrom the original on 31 January 2009.Retrieved25 July2008.
  228. ^Douglass C. Perry,Saints Row Review,Saints Row 2IGN,28 August 2006
  229. ^Chris Roper,Scarface: The World Is YoursReview,IGN,6 October 2006
  230. ^True Crime: Streets of LAArchived14 July 2007 at theWayback Machine,IGN,31 October 2003
  231. ^"Gameranking PS2 Average 77%".Gamerankings.com. 3 November 2003.Archivedfrom the original on 16 October 2007.Retrieved16 March2011.
  232. ^"Independent.ie".9 June 2014.Archivedfrom the original on 9 June 2014.Retrieved9 June2014.
  233. ^"5 Ways Sleeping Dogs Improves On Grand Theft Auto".Kotaku.27 August 2012.Archivedfrom the original on 15 October 2014.Retrieved27 October2016.
  234. ^"What GTA V can learn from Just Cause 2".Metro News.17 November 2012.Archivedfrom the original on 21 August 2015.Retrieved5 September2015.
  235. ^Lemne, Bengt (26 August 2010)."Mafia II vs GTA IV".Gamereactor UK.Archivedfrom the original on 27 June 2015.Retrieved5 September2015.
  236. ^Totilo, Stephen (9 January 2009)."What Godfather II Did Better Than GTA".Kotaku.Archivedfrom the original on 17 September 2015.Retrieved5 September2015.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related toGrand Theft Auto (series).
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_Theft_Auto&oldid=1248279958"