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Graz agreement

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Graz agreement
TypeBilateral treaty
Signed6 May 1992(1992-05-06)
LocationGraz,Styria,Austria
Original
signatories
Parties

TheGraz agreementwas a proposed agreement made between theBosnian SerbleaderRadovan Karadžićand theBosnian CroatleaderMate Boban[note 1]on 6 May 1992 in the city ofGraz, Austria.[1]The agreement publicly declared theterritorial divisionbetweenRepublika Srpskaand theCroatian Community of Herzeg-Bosniaand called for an end of conflicts between Serbs and Croats.[1][2]The largest group in Bosnia and Herzegovina, theBosniaks,did not take part in the agreement and were purposefully not invited to the negotiations.[1][note 2]

In their joint statement the Bosnian Croat and Serb leadership described it as a peace agreement.[2]Croatian PresidentFranjo Tuđman,in a letter to United States senatorRobert Dole,later presented the agreement as part of a Conference on Bosnia and Herzegovina sponsored by theEuropean Community.[1]The parties ultimately parted ways without signing any agreement and clashes between Croat and Serb forces continued.[2]

Meeting and aftermath

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On 6 May 1992, the representatives of theSerbian community of BiH,Radovan Karadžić,Momčilo Krajišnikand Branko Simić, and theCroatian Community of BiH,represented byMate Bobanand Franjo Boras, met without Bosnian Muslim representatives in the city ofGrazinAustriato discuss the future ofBosnia and Herzegovina.Mate Boban and Radovan Karadžić issued a joint statement on 6 May 1992, describing it as a peace agreement and called for a general cease-fire in BiH. The territorial demarcation of the two communities in BiH was to be based on the 1939 borders ofBanovina of Croatia.[2]It was agreed that "in defining the borderline between the two constituent units in the area ofKupres,as well asBosanska Posavina[...] account should be taken of the compactness of areas and communications. "[1]However, an agreement was not reached for the strip of land along the banks of theNeretva,nearMostar,nor the town of Mostar, which is why the parties wanted theEuropean Communityto arbitrate their respective claims regarding these regions.[2]The agreement concluded: "in view of this agreement, no more reasons obtain for an armed conflict between the Croatians and the Serbs in the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina."[1]

The parties ultimately parted ways on 6 May 1992, without signing any agreement, and clashes between Croat and Serb forces continued.[2][4]As of May 1992, military cooperation was achieved between theCroatian Defence Council(HVO) and theArmy of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina(ARBiH) against Serb forces.[2]

Reception

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According toVreme’s military analyst Miloš Vasić the Graz agreement was "the single most important document of the war" and was meant to limit conflict between Serb and Croat forces by allowing both parties to concentrate on taking Bosniak territory from the Bosnian forces.[5][6]The agreement was seen as Bosnian Croats betraying their Bosniak allies.[1]It was also seen as a sequel to theMilošević-Tuđman Karađorđevo meetingby theICTYjudgement in theBlaškićcase.[7]AWashington Posteditorial compared the agreement to theHitler-Stalin pactthat divided Poland.[1]

In the ICTY case againstPrlićet al.,Herbert S. Okunwas called to testify in April 2007. In this capacity as the deputy ofCyrus Vance,UN special envoy to the Balkans, he had attended a number of meetings where the division of Bosnia Herzegovina was discussed. As Okun described it, the aspirations of Croatia and Serbia for theannexationof parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina became evident after Tuđman and Milošević met in Karađorđevo in March 1991 and after the meeting ofMate BobanandRadovan Karadžićin May 1992 inGraz.Neither party kept their plans for the creation of separate states within Bosnia-Herzegovina and their annexation to Serbia and Croatia secret at their subsequent meetings with international diplomats.[8]Herbert Okun testified that on May 6, 1992, Radovan Karadžić and Mate Boban met in Graz in Austria to discuss the partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina along the boundaries of the Croatian Banovina.[9]Herbert Okun also testified that during the international conference on the former Yugoslavia, held between September 1992 and May 1993, Franjo Tuđman was thede factopresident of the Bosnian Croat delegation, including, among others, Mate Boban andMilivoj Petković.[9]During that conference, Herbert Okun heard Franjo Tuđman make statements about extending the borders of Croatia, either directly or by including Herceg-Bosna within Croatia. He also heard him make statements about his support for the government of Mate Boban.[9]

The May 2013 ICTY judgement in the case discusses the joint statement made in Graz, as well as the subsequentAgreement on Friendship and Cooperation between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatiaand thepeace plans offered before and during the Bosnian War.[2]

Notes

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  1. ^Mate Boban was the only non-Serb leader to recognize Republika Srpska.[1]
  2. ^At the time Bosniaks accounted for 44 percent of Bosnia and Herzegovina's 4.4 million population and dominated the current government.[3]

References

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  1. ^abcdefghiLukic, Rénéo; Lynch, Allen (1996).Europe From the Balkans to the Urals: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union.Oxford University Press. pp. 210–212.ISBN0-19-829200-7.
  2. ^abcdefgh"Judgement - Volume 1 of 6"(PDF).Prlić et al. (IT-04-74).ICTY. 29 May 2013. pp. 155–156.
  3. ^Harden, Blaine (8 May 1992)."Warring Factions Agree on Plan to Divide up Former Yugoslavia".The Washington Post.Archived fromthe originalon 2021-06-10.Retrieved2007-09-25.
  4. ^Sabrina P. Ramet, Konrad Clewing, Renéo Lukic:Croatia since independence: war, politics, society, foreign relations,p. 132
  5. ^Bryant, Lee (1993)."The Betrayal of Bosnia"(PDF).Centre for the Study of Democracy: University of Westminster. p. 24. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2009-03-26.Retrieved2007-09-25.
  6. ^Vasić, Miloš (January 1993). "The pattern of aggression: two against one in Bosnia".Balkan War Report(17).Institute for War and Peace Reporting:8–9.
  7. ^"Prosecutor v. Tihomir Blaškić - Judgement"(PDF).United NationsInternational Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.2000-03-03.Retrieved2009-08-18.
  8. ^"THE HAGUE, 02.04.2007. - BH PARTITION PLANS IN FORM OF A STAIN -".Archived fromthe originalon 2020-02-27.Retrieved2014-12-30.
  9. ^abc"Testimony of Herbert Okun from a transcript of the Prlic, Stojic, Praljak, and Petkovic trial".United NationsInternational Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.
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