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Grindlay
Minor nobilityandlanded gentry

Arms of Grindlay (Senior Branch):Quarterly, or and az, a cross quarterly erm. and of the first, betw. four pheons counterchanged of the field.
CountryUnited KingdomUnited Kingdom
Earlier spellingsGre(n)deley, Gren(e)ley(e), Gren(e)lay, Grynelay, Grenelie(s), Grenelaw(e), and others
EtymologyEnglisċ:"green / valley clearing"
Place of originKingdom of Northumbria
Foundedc.850;1174 years ago(850)
FounderHereweald and Æðel of Grēneleāh / Gryndeleā
TitlesBaronets,Knights,Manorial Lords(Lairds)
MottoNon Degener(Not Degenerated)
Estate(s)Various (seeHouses and estates)
Branches
List

TheGrindlay family(Old English:[compound]Grēne/Grynde+Leāh/Leā) is anAnglo-Scottishknightlyfamily ofmedievalorigin.[1][2][3]

The family now has two primary branches, one in theEnglish Midlandsand the other in the formerScottish Marches,with a small presence inIreland,North America,New Zealand,andSouth Africa.[2][3]The family established themselves aslandedlords,[4][5][6][7]knights,[2][8][9][10]andgentry,[11][12][13][14]but more recently were prominentBritishbankers(seeGrindlays Bank),[15][16]officials,[17][18]industrialists,[19][20]soldiers,[21][22][23]andfreemasonsduring the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries.[24][25]

As anarmigerousfamily whose position arose fromfeudalmanoriallordshipsandknightly service,the Grindlay family rank among theBritishminor nobilityornoblesse d'épée.[2][7][26]

Etymology

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Grindlay is atoponymicsurnamearising from the combination of theAnglo-Saxonwordsgrēneorgryndeandleāhorleā,meaning "green clearing" or "valley clearing".[1][27][28][29]Traditionally held to have arisen inNorthumbria,[30][31][32]modern scholarship suggests the name may instead derive from medieval woodland clearance in the formerForest of Ardenin theEnglish Midlands,[a]before later spreading northward with the family.[29][33][34]

History

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Origins

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The family are reputed to be descended from theAnglo-Saxonthegns,[b]Hereweald (Harold) and Æðel (ÆthelorAdel) of Grēneleāh or Gryndeleā (c.850),[35][36]transliteratedas Greenlee or Greenley, of northernNorthumbria.[2][31][33][34][37]The surname is of territorial origin and historically attributed to either the ancient village of Grinnla, nowGreenlawin theScottish Borders,[38][30]or the medieval hamlet of Greenley nearHaltwhistleinNorthumberland,[31][32][39][40]both formerly of theKingdom of Northumbria.

According to records gathered byJames Watt Jr.ofAston HallinBirminghamand attested by John Thorpe ofDuddestonManor,[2][41]the brothers were awarded thedemesneof "Balsal Chase" recorded as Bordeshale or Bordeslea,[42][43][44]nowBalsall HeathandBordesley,inWarwickshireand itsmanorsbyKing Alfred the Greatfor "heroic gallantry" during theNorfolk Campaignagainst theDanes.[2][3]Control of these lands and the surrounding region in northernWarwickshire,the thenKingdom of Mercia,established the family in theMidlandcounties in addition to theNorth of Englandand theScottish Lowlands.[41]Their kin who remained in the north, are considered to have largely become part of the widerlowlandclanshipofHomeandWedderburn.[45][46]

"Of an ancient family" thorough Anglo Saxon "named Greenlee, called in the Midland Counties of England" The Greenlees "...two knights of this family...were gifted by King Alfred to a demesne in the County of Warwick...where this branch lived in opulence and high respect"[2]– Archives ofAston Hall,Warwickshire

Some modern historians trace the surname to a small cluster of settlements in theEnglish Midlands,[c]namelyGrindleyinStaffordshire,[47][48][49]Grindley BrookandTushingham cum Grindleyon theShropshireandCheshireborder,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56]andLittle GringleyinNottinghamshire.[57][58][59][60][61]ProfessorPatrick Hanks,instead suggests the family took their name from theirlandsin centralEngland,[34]where by the mid 11th century, theWarwickshireline of the family held territories across thecounty,centred around Bordeshale Manor, over which they held lordship into theLate Middle Agesas the resident Lords of Bordeshale (seeBordesley Hall).[2][44]

After theNorman Conquest,the family becamevassalsofAnsculf de Picquigny,[62][63]andRobert de Beaumont,[64]when they were granted numerous manors across theEnglish MidlandsbyWilliam the Conqueror.[65][66]Although some of the lands awarded included areas held by the family prior to 1066, they continued asmanorial lordsof many of their ancestral estates, holding them infieforknight's feein return forhomageandfealtyto theirNormanoverlordsastenants-in-chief.[67][68]This arrangement is evident in theDomesday Book,[65][66]which shows the family continuing to hold lands after 1086,[d]primarily throughout theColeshill Hundredof Warwickshire,[67][69][70]and the medievalBook of Fees,which records the family payingscutagefor their "old feffment" held on behalf ofRoger de Somery,thefeudal baronofDudleyand descendant of de Picquigny.[71][72][73][74]

13th, 14th, and 15th centuries

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By theHigh Medieval Period,the English branch of the family were established landowners of theEnglish Midlands,primarily inWarwickshireandStaffordshire,and later inNottinghamshireand southernCheshire.[75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82]The spelling of the family name developed several variants over time, principally Greneleye, Grenlay and Grendleye or Grendeley.[1][29][33][83][84]This is exemplified by the different ways the surname was recorded throughout this period, including William de Grenelega (c.1180),[85]Simone de Greneleye or Greneley (c.1250),[85][86]William de Grenlay (c.1275),[33][34]and Richard de Grendeley or Grindley (c.1390).[84]

They were involved in regional affairs of politics and governance as early as the 13th century onwards,[87]and as one of the prominent landed families of the region, they appear regularly in the medieval records of the EnglishChanceryandExchequer,namely thePipe,Fine,Close,Plea,andPatent rollsandescheats,regarding awards of lands and estates,[85][78]collection oflevies,[88]legal disputes,[89][90]and grants of office and position.[91][92]Such instances include Hugh de Greneley (c.1289) ofCarlton in LindrickManor,[89]officiator for theabbotofWelbeck Abbey,[91]Geoffrey de Greneleye or Grenleye,[e]and his son Sir William de Greneley or Grenleye (c.1328), aknightorman-at-arms,[93]wardens of the peace,knights of the shire,and witnesses, warrantors, andsealsignatories for theChartulary of the Priory of St. ThomasnearStafford,[8][94]Thomas de Grenlay (c.1349),incumbentRectorofSt John the Baptist Church, Clarborough,[95]John de Grenlay or Grenley (c.1405),CrownCoronerofNottinghamshire,[92][96]Thomas Grenley or Greneley (c.1424),[f]twiceVice ChancellorofOxford Universityin 1436 and 1437,[97][98]and Thomas de Greneley (c.1440), simultaneously theLord of the ManorofNorthillRectory,Master of the College of Northill, andParsonof theChurch of St Mary the Virginfollowing the death ofSir John Taillyand his son.[99][100]He and his successors held thelordship,and aknight's feeinTempsford,[101]until the college was eventually dissolved in 1547 following thedissolution of the monasteriesbyKing Edward VI,[102]and subsequently bequeathed toSir William Fitzwilliamin 1549.[99][102]

TheMiddle Agessaw several generations of the family take uparmsagainst theFrenchduring theHundred Years' War,primarily beside thenobleMidlandfamilies ofBeauchamp,Beaufort,andTalbot,and spanning at least 70 years of the conflict. The first recorded wasSir William de Grenlay,William Greneleye, or Guillaume Greenlee (c.1372) ofEdgbaston,Warwickshire,[2][103]who, with his soldiers, fought alongsideJohn Neville, 3rd Baron NevilleandThomas Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick,[103]but was slain at the firstsiege of Harfleurin 1415, and posthumously commended byKing Henry V.[2][7][8]His kinsmen, John Grenlay, Grenley or Greneley (c.1417), was also at the siege under the command ofThomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter,and subsequently garrisoned atHarfleuruntil it fell to the French in 1435,[8][104][105]and Thomas de Grenlay or Greynley (c.1430), aman-at-armsmustered atPort-de-l'Arche,fought against the incursions ofÉtienne de Vignollesinto theBasse Seine Valleyduring 1430, and at thesiege of Louviersin 1431.[106]

In the latter stages of the war withFrance,the family fought as part of the company ofJohn Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury,and his second,John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset,most notably Stephen Gredeley, Gredley or Greddelay (c.1440) and his brother Thomas de Gredelay or Grynnelay (c.1441).[107][108]Stephen fought with theEarl of Shrewsburyduring his campaign to reclaimPays de Cauxthroughout the late 1430s, continuing as part of his close militaryaffinityduring the relief ofHarfleurin 1440, and the sieges ofPontoise,Conches-en-Ouche,andLouviersin 1441.[107]Thomas saw fighting alongside his brother atConches-en-OucheandLouviers,was detached to the garrison ofRouento oversee the escorting of supplies toSir William Peytoand his forces during thesiege of Dieppein 1442, before joining theDuke of Somersetfor theCherbourgoffensive in the summer of 1443.[108]Another relative, Robin Grynelay (c.1442), saw fighting atLe NeubourgunderHenry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essexuntil it was lost to the French in April 1444.[109][110]

During this same period, acadet branchof the English arm of the family rose to prominence under Sir William Gyrdeley, Gridley, or Grindlay (c.1415), a wealthylancer,[g]who fought at thesiege of Harfleurand theBattle of Agincourtas a member of the personalretinueofJohn Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter,the thenEarl of Huntingdon,alongside Thomas Talbot, a relation of theTalbot Barons,and others.[111][112][113]Seemingly of Boarzell Manor inTicehurst,Sussex,[114]in 1425 William granted a portion of his lands inEast Sussex,as well as their tenements, rents, and services to his comrades in arms, theDuke of Exeter,Sir Thomas Echyngham,and others, following their return from the wars in France.[115][116]Although William and this branch of the family had amassed a sizeable estate in and around Ticehurst, his widow later sold the manor and most of the remaining lands to the knightlyRoberts familyof Glassenbury,Cranbrook,in 1459 and 1460.[117][118]However, later generations evidently remained influential with John Greneley (c.1495) made aCommissionerof theKing's PeaceunderKing Henry VIIIin February 1509,[h]alongside other Sussex patricians includingThomas Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel,Thomas West, 9th Baron De La Warr,andThomas Fiennes, 8th Baron Dacre.[119]

Throughout the late 13th, 14th, and 15th centuries, the family were engaged in a number of notable land ownership disputes with neighbouring families, including those of de Denston,[120][121][122]Bagot,Barons of Bagot's Bromley,[123]Ferrers,[i]Earls of Derby,[90][124]Legh,[j]CheshireandWarwickshiregentryandaristocracyand others,[125]regarding their lands inNottinghamshireandStaffordshire.[47][126][127][128]The family also frequently acted as arbiters for issues ofsuccessionfor several others, including the Lyot, Purley, and Wolaston (seeWilliam Wollaston) families ofStaffordshireandLeicestershire.[8][129][130]

16th and 17th centuries

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Around the early 16th century, part of the family moved south west into the neighbouring county ofHerefordshire,where they establishedlandholdingsnearKington.[41][131]In December 1513, John Greneley or Greneleye (c.1510) was made anacolytetoRichard Mayew,Bishop of Herefordbydimissory letter.[132]Then in 1525, he and his heirs were granted theestateof Woodhallhill Manor inStaunton on Arrow,formerly spelt Stanton, and thecountry houseremained theseatof hissuccessorsthereafter.[6]This branch subsequently rose to eminence, both directly and through marriage, becoming senior military officers,members of parliament,Baronets(seeCoffin-Greenly Baronets), andSheriffs of Herefordshire,as well aslordsof various othermanorsacross the county.[8][133][134]

Towards the end of the reign ofKing Henry VIII,George Grenlegh or Grenley (c.1539) became part of theexecutiveof theLordship of Ireland,acting as agent toLeonard Grey, 1st Viscount Grane,theLord Deputy of Ireland.[135]Family involvement inIrelandgrew, when in the mid 16th century, they were granted additional lands and estates, near the city ofLimerick,Munster,[2]byQueen Elizabeth IandThomas Wentworth, 1st Baron Wentworth,theLord Chamberlain,to establish various armouries forsmall armsandculverin cannonas part of theTudor conquest of Ireland.[3][12]As members of the "New English"class grantedplantationlands on the border of theEarldom of Ormond,the family line that settled there supported the establishment of theChurch of Irelandand the continuedAnglicisationof the country. During theBritish Civil Warsin Ireland the family were loyal to theCrownasProtestantRoyalistsand remained so throughout theProtectorateand into theRestoration,typified by those such as John Grinley (c. 1635), aKing's Royal Guardsman,who joined the company ofSir William Flower,the agent and informer ofJames Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond,in 1662.[136]However, as committed Protestants, the family were increasingly subjected toreligious persecutionduring the reign ofKing James VII and II,and their lands andhallwere destroyed in response to the ongoingreligiousandmonarchicalturmoil of the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly that surrounding theBattle of the Boyne.[2][41]The family were invited into the protection ofTrevor Hill, 1st Viscount HillsboroughandWills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshireandmember of parliamentforWarwick,but largely decided to leaveIrelandand emigrate toNorth Americaat the beginning of the 18th century.[2]

Throughout the late 16th and 17th centuries, the family continued to expand their possessions,[k]particularly in theNorth MidlandsandCheshire,[84][137][138]where several areas are eponymously named, such as Grindleyes Feeld (c.1593) or Grindleys Green (c.1604), now Grindley Green inNewhall, Cheshire.[84][139]

18th, 19th and 20th centuries

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The contemporary spellings of the family surname, themselves the result of further variation, are namely Grinley,[1][140][141][142][143][32]Greenly,[2][33][83]of Titley Court,[6][8]and Grindley or Grindlay,[9][33][144][145][146]of Parkfields Manor and others.[147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154]

From the end of the 18th century onwards, the family actively participated in theFrench Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars,[155][156][157]theIndustrial Revolution,[158]the expansion of theBritish Empire,[21][159]and the global conflicts ofWWIandWWII,[160][161]both civically and militarily.[162][163][164][165]Their involvement included distinguished military service,[166][167][168][169][170]the growth of the British financial system,[16]wartime government leadership,[171]and the development of pioneering industrial operations.[172][173][174]

During the 19th and 20th centuries, a number of the family became prominentFreemasons,acting as members,officers,masters,and founders of multipleMasonic lodgesacross the country, but particularly inWarwickshireand the widerEnglish Midlands.[148][175][176]

Notable modern members of the English branch of the family includeCapt.Robert Melville Grindlay,[l]of the7th Bombay Native Infantry,thesoldier,painter,and founder ofGrindlays Bank,[16][177][178][179][180]Bvt.Maj.Henry Robert Grindlay,AQMGof the21st Hussars,decorated officer of theFirstandSecond Anglo-Sikh Wars,[21][166]His WorshipAlfred Robert GrindlayCBEJP,the founder ofGrindlay PeerlessandLord MayorofCoventryduringWWII,[19][171][181]Sqn Ldr.Dr.Robert Walter Guy Grindlay, of theRAF Medical Corps,WWIIveteran,racing driver,and pioneeringanaesthetist,[173][182][183]Maj.Henry Hugh GrindleyCBE,of theRoyal Field Artillery,theoverseas railwayindustrialist,[174][184]William Harry GrindleyJP,the 19th centuryironstonemagnate and founder of the eponymousW H Grindley,[20][185][186]Gwilym Cuthbert Grindley,the pioneeringpsychologist,patron,and founder of theEPS,[187][188],andGeorge William GrindleyFRSNZ,after whom theGrindley Plateauis named.

Wider family

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Family branches

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Scotland

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Historically held to be descended from the sameNorthumbrianline as theirEnglishcousins, theScottishbranch of the family is similarly thought to have originated from eitherGreenlawor Greenley in theAnglianKingdom of Northumbria,[30][31][32][38][39][40]and to have been early holders of what became thefeudalBarony of Greenlawbefore it merged with theEarldom of Lothian.[189]The spelling of the family name, like the settlements,[m]has since alternated between variants of Greenlee, Greenlaw, Grenlay, and Grindlay.[1][30][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197]The interchangeability of lee, lay and law in Scottish and northern spellings of the surname,[191][198][199][200]particularly the medieval instances of Genelawe and Grenelay, and the congruity of theircoats of arms,is illustrative of the familial connection.[5][9][45]

The family is believed to have become aseptofClan HomeandClan Wedderburnduring the emergence of theScottish clansystem in theHigh Middle Agesowing to common ancestry, locality, andonomatology,with the arms of Grindlay and Wedderburn sharing the mottoNon Degener(Not Degenerated).[46][201][202][203]Some contemporary scholarship suggests that the family may in fact have settled inScotlandslightly later, during the 15th century, from theNorth Midlands,[34]but were nevertheless established landowners and clergymen of theScottish Lowlandsby the 16th century, and closely affiliated with both clans.[204]

The earliest recorded of this wider line wasSir Patrick de Greenlaw(c. 1150), a descendant ofCospatric I,theEarl of Northumbria.In the early 13th century, his son Sir William de Greenlaw or Grenlawa (c. 1180) became the progenitor ofClan Homewhen he adopted the surname following his acquisition of the lands ofHomeinBerwickshire.A century later William de Grenlawe or Genelawe ofEdinburghshire(c. 1250) and his son Matheu (Matthew) de Grenlawe ofBerwickshire(c. 1270) signed theRagman Rolls,[n]alongside other Scottisharistocracy,swearing fealty toKing Edward Iin 1296.[205][206][207]Other notable medieval decedents include William de Grenlaw (c. 1320),Archdeacon of St. Andrews,[197]Gilbert de Greenlaw,Grenlaw, or Grynlaw (c. 1360), firstCanonand thenBishop of Aberdeen,andLord Chancellor of ScotlandunderKing Robert III,[197][206]Thomas de Grenlaw or Grenlay (c. 1400),Vicar of Convethand of Erth,Bailieof the Temple ofAberdeen,Burgessof Aberdeen, andArchdeacon of Lothianand ofOrkney,[197]Sir Alexander Grynlaw or Grynlay (c. 1457), chaplain toJohn Hay, 1st Lord Hay of Yester,[208]and George de Greenlaw or Girnelaw (c. 1464),CommissionerforHaddingtonin theParliament of Scotland.[209][210]

During the 16th century, parts of the family lands in theSouthern UplandsandCentral Lowlandswere impacted by the dispossession of property of theCatholic Church in Scotlandduring theScottish Reformation.[204][211]In 1561, thePrivy Council of Scotlanddecreed that a third of the revenue from the lands (feus) and produce (teinds) of Sir John Grenelay (c.1540)PrebendaryofCorstorphine,[204]from hisbeneficeof theprebendof Half Dalmahoy and Half Haltoune inMidlothion,were to be subjected to a levy as part of the reforms initiated in 1560 byJohn KnoxandThe First Book of Discipline.[212]When he died in 1568, Sir John left these lands and others, including areas across the city ofEdinburgh,to his heirs and successors, forming the basis of an expansive estate which was home to the family for the next 300 years.[13][204]

A century later, following theRestoration,members of the family fought in theCovenanterrebellions against the increasing persecution ofPresbyteriansarising from sectarian struggles for control of theChurch of Scotland,known as "The Killing Time".[213][214]The most notable was William Grindlay or Grinlaw ofMonklands(c. 1640),[214][215]who in June 1679 fought with the Covenanter army at theBattle of Bothwell Bridgeagainst the Scottish government troops ofJames Scott, Duke of Monmouth.The Covenanters were defeated, and William was taken captive and held in Covenanters' Prison nearGreyfriars Kirkyard.[214]He was one of the few prisoners to decline the offer of indemnity fromKing Charles II,repeatedly refusing not to take up arms again if released when interrogated by theHigh Court of Justiciary.[214]Consequently, on 15 November he was put aboard theCrown of LondoninLeithfortransportationtoVirginiain theBritish Colonies,however he drowned on 10 December when the vessel waswreckedin a storm off the coast ofDeerness,Orkney.[214][215]

More contemporary Scottish family members include George and William Grindlay,[o]the 18th and 19th century leathermagnatesandlandownersof the former Orchardfield Estate inEdinburgh,[13][216]Capt.Thomas Grindlay ofMarionville House,master ofTrinity House of Leith,[18][217][218]Walter Grindlay, theEdinburghandLiverpoolshipping grandee,[p]and father of Lady Janet Grindlay Simpson,[q](seeSimpson BaronetsofStrathavonandEdinburgh),[14][219][220]Lt.Alexander Brown GrindlayDCMMiD,of theRoyal Army Medical Corpsand11th Royal Scots,[168][221][222]Capt.Edward 'Teddy' Grindlay, of the4th and 10th Scottish Rifles,close friend andpatronofSir Herbert James Gunn,[223][224]William 'Spread Eagle' Grinly,QMof the Royal Leith Volunteers, soldier, mariner, and merchant,[225][226]andThe Right Hon.Lord Grindley ofRannoch.[4]

North America

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Another branch of the family exists inNorth Americafollowing emigration from theUnited Kingdomduring the 18th and 19th centuries. Notable members of the family in theUnited StatesandCanadaincludeBvt.Brig. Gen.James Glas Grindlay,the highly decoratedUnionistofficer of theAmerican Civil WarandMedal of Honorrecipient,[22]Dr. John H Grindlay, a combat surgeon with theUnited States armyinSoutheast AsiaduringWWII,the diary of whose experiences was later widely published,[227][228]Isabella Grindlay, later Grindlay Jackson, anAnglo-Canadianmember of theWomen's Army Auxiliary CorpsduringWWIand acclaimedwar poet,[229][230]andThomas Maltby Grindley,the Anglo-Canadian merchant, soldier, and politician.[231][232]

Broader relations

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The Grindal family (seeEdmund Grindal,Archbishop of Canterburyduring the 16th century)[r]are held to be close associates and possible relations,[1][83][233]with their near synonymousheraldrybelieved to stem from this connection.[26][144][234][235]So too are the Gridley family (seeBarons of Stockport), the evidence of whose decent is more ambiguous, due to the near interchangeablemedievalspellings of the Grelley, Gresley and Grindlay families in theNorth Midlands.[11][34][83][84][236][237][238]

Direct ancestral ties to both thenobleNormanfamilies of Grelley, formerly spelt Gredley, Greidley and Gredleye,[239][240][241]decedents of Albertus Greslet orAlbert 'd'Avranches' de Greslé(c.1050 – c.1100),[242][243][244]avowedViscountofAvranches,[245]and the 1stBaronofManchester(seeHouse of Grailly),[246][247][248][249][250]and Gresley, formerly spelt Greseleye,[34]Baronets of Drakelow Halland decedents ofRobert de Stafford(seeHouse of Tosny),[251]have been presented by a number of 19th century historians, though are still the subject of research.[33][34][251][252][253][254]

Coats of arms

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Senior branch

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Armorial bearings of Grindlay. (18th century) Shield:Quarterly, or and azure, a cross quarterly ermine and of the first, between four pheons counterchanged of the field.Crest:A dove proper., a pea-hen proper., a buffalo's head erased gules.Motto:Non degener.

Although the family had been usingsealsandinsigniafrom the beginning of the 14th century,[94]the first known record ofarmsare seemingly fromSir William de Grenlay,William Greneleye, or Guillaume Greenlee (c.1372) ofEdgebaston,Warwickshire,a "Knight of the Royal Guards" (seeYeoman of the Guard),[2]who was commended for martial valour at the firstsiege of Harfleurin 1415, inNormandy,France,during theHundred Years' War.[7][103]William was killed storming the breach in thebastionwalls alongside his soldiers, as he fought to secure the fortress gates during the final stages of the siege.[41]Buried on theglaciswhere he was slain and with an oak sapling to mark his grave, William was posthumously honoured byKing Henry V,[2][7]and as a reward, William and the family were entitled to have theirarmorial bearings"topped by a green mound and plant of oak".[s][2][26][234]The existing familycoat of armsat that time was recorded as:

"Armorial Quartering...angular bars on the shield; the ermine, above Bar; and a square thereon..."[2]

The "Armorial Quartering"refers to the division of the field into 4 square quarters, the" angularbarson theshield"to earlypheons,and the "ermine,aboveBar"to thetinctureadjoining the centralordinaries,all of which are exhibited in the arms to this day.[255][256]This 14th centuryemblazonedescutcheonis regarded as an early form of the arms now bourn by the Grindlay family,[201][202]with the current coat of arms adopted at some point during the 16th or 17th century, to differentiate their immediate familial line from their wider ancestral lineage.[6][26][144][234]

The arms of the related but distinct lines of the Grindlay family, are identifiable by their differingheraldiccrests,which among them include abuffalo(NorthumberlandandBerwickshire), apeahen(WarwickshireandStaffordshire), and adove.[26][234][256][257]

Examples of the recorded arms of Grindlay and Grindley, illustrating their relatively fluid interchangeability up until the 19th century, are as follows:

  • "Crest – a dove, proper."Deuchar,1817
  • "Crest – a buffalo's head erased, gules."Deuchar,1817
  • "Per cross, or and az. a cross quarterly, erm. and of the first, betw. four pheons counterchanged, of the field. Crest, a pea-hen ppr. Motto, non degener."Robson,1830
  • "Az. a cross betw. four pheons or. Crest, a buffalo's head erased gu."Robson,1830
  • "Per cross, or and az. a cross quarterly, erm. and of the first, betw. four pheons counterchanged, of the field. Crest, a pea-hen ppr. Motto, non degener."Burke&Burke,1844
  • "Az. a cross betw. four pheons or. Crest, a buffalo's head erased gu."Burke & Burke,1844
  • "Crest – A buffalo's head erased. gu., a dove ppr., a pea-hen ppr. Motto – Non degener"Fairbairn,1860, 1905, 1911
  • "A dove ppr., pea-hen, ppr, and a buffalo's head erased"Washbourne,1882
  • "A dove, ppr.; and another, a pea-hen, ppr."Elven,1882
  • "A buffalo's head erased, gu."Elven,1882
  • "A buffalo's head, erased, gu., a dove, ppr., a pea-hen, ppr."MacVeigh,1883
  • "Quarterly, or and az. a cross quarterly erm. and of the first, betw. four pheons counterchanged of the field.Crest– A pea-hen ppr.Motto– Non Degener "Burke,1884
  • "Az. a cross betw. four pheons or.Crest– a buffalo's head erased gu. "Burke,1884

Cadet branches

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TheWarwickshireline of the family gave rise to two separatecadet branches,one inNottinghamshireand then a second inSussex.Bothcadet branchesattainedarmsin their own right.

Nottinghamshire

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Cadet arms of Grindlay of Nottinghamshire.[t]

TheNottinghamshirecadet branchadoptedarmsas early as the 14th century, attributed to William, son of John de Grenleye (c.1374) of theCounty of Nottingham.[77]First documented in theCatalogue of Sealsof the Department of Manuscripts of theBritish Museum1894,[10]and later in theDictionary of British Arms – Medieval Ordinary Vol I,[258]thearmorial bearingsare described as:

"A bend bretessed, between three crescents"

Identified byWalter de Grey Birch,the arms were recovered from a gothic panel and described as dark red but indistinct in colour,[10]indicative of agulesescutcheonand likely fadedargentcharges,[t]due to the tendency for silver paint to oxidise and darken over time (seeTincture: Argent).[259]

Sussex

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Cadet arms of Grindlay of Sussex.[g]

Thearmsof theSussexcadet branchof the family were first recorded inWriothesley's Chevrons(c.1525) bySir Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton(1505 – 1550).[113]Thearmorial bearingsare described in this and later works, including theDictionary of British Arms – Medieval Ordinary Vol II,[9]as:

"Azure a chevron engrailed argent between 3 fleurs de lis or"[g]

The arms of this cadet branch illustrate a number of parallels with those ofClan Kinninmontof Kinninmoth nearFifeinScotland,an area where the Grindlay family are known to have settled.[9][113][196][219][260]The close resemblance extends to theclancrestandbadgewhich feature an oak tree or sprig of oak.[197][261]

Houses and estates

[edit]

Notable family residences:

Other prominent residences of the wider family:

  • Titley Court,Herefordshire(primary residence of Greenly line)
  • Strathavon Lodge,Edinburgh(primary residence of Grindlay Simpson line)

Residences of broader relations:

  • Cross Hill House and St Bees Manor,[w]Cumbria(primary residences of Grindal line)
  • Culwood House,Buckinghamshire(primary residence of Gridley line)

Family tree

[edit]
Traditional descent of the Grindlay family

Grēneleāh
(Greenlee)
Northumbria[x]
Earl of Northumbria
(Earl of Lothian)
Northumbria

Grindlay (Grindley)
Northumberland & Berwickshire
Greenlaw
Berwickshire

Grindal
Cumberland
Baronet Simpson
(Grindlay-Simpson)
Midlothian[q]
Grindlay
Warwickshire &
Staffordshire
Grindlay
Nottinghamshire[t]
Grindlay
Sussex[g]
Greenlees
Berwickshire[s]
Earl of Home
(Clan Home)
Berwickshire

Grindall
Middlesex[y]
Greenly
Herefordshire[z]
Baron Gridley
Herefordshire &
Buckinghamshire[aa]

Baronet
Coffin-Greenly
Herefordshire

*All contemporary spelling variants have been used where possible.

†This tree-chart may not display correctly on some phone or tablet devices.

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Footnotes

[edit]
^aAn increasingly rare surname, Grindlay likely has its roots in the clearance of ancient English forest and the creation of theleāhorleā(seeLeahandLea), an area of open space within a woodland for settlement, particularly in the formerForest of Ardenof Warwickshire and Staffordshire (seeHistory of Warwickshire). These areas were often enclosed or walled off and controlled by a single family group, such as the ancestors of the Grindlay family, who in expanding their medieval holdings, simultaneously further established both their surname and the names of the places they controlled, as the creators and inhabitants of variousgrēne/grynde leāh/leā.[1][262][263][264]
^bThis would make the family one of a limited number able to trace their patrilineal ancestry back to the Anglo-Saxon period, namely the 9th century, with the others being those ofArden,Berkeley,SwintonandWentworth.[265][266][267]Notably the Arden and Swinton families are also of Warwickshire and Berwickshire.
^cEarlier spellings of these closely located villages and hamlets resemble those of the family surname. Grindley was formerly spelt both Grenlee and Grenley, Grindley Brook and Tushingham cum Grindley were formerly spelt Grenlegh, Grenelee, and Grynleye, and Little Gringley was formerly spelt both Greneleye and Grenlay.
^dThe Domesday Book records two ancestors of the family, Stannechetel (Stenkil) ofWittonand Godric ofShuttington,holding lands centred around 'Coleshelle' (Coleshill), later theHemingford Hundred,[268]both prior to the conquest of 1066 and afterwards following theGreat Surveyof 1086.[67][69][70]Nearby Aski or Aschi of Edgbaston is a possible relation owing to proximity, but by 1086 his lands had been granted to a Drogo ofWhitley,most likely a Norman, byWilliam FitzAnsculf.[269]The fiefs in this area of the Midlands, particularly those under the overlordships of Robert de Beaumont and Thorkil of Warwick (seeArden family), are known to have included a high proportion of English survivors, many of whom maintained control of their lands after the invasion.[68][69][270]The 1198 to 1292Liber Feodorum(orBook of Fees), records a later ancestor, Robertum de Grend' or Grendley (c.1235), paying the treasury collectorsscutagefor his "old feffment" held on behalf ofRoger de Somery,thefeudal baronofDudley,and descendent of Ansculf de Picquigny.[71][72][73][74]
^eThe recorded full name ofGalfridide Greneleye, was Galfridi, Galfridus or Geoffery de Warilowe de Greneleye.[94]
^fThomas Grenley, Grenely or Greneley was afellowofOriel College, Oxfordin the early 15th century. He became a UniversityProctorin 1424, and eventually acted as Vice Chancellor in 1436 and 1437 (seeList of vice-chancellors of the University of Oxford).[98]
^gThe arms of William Gyrdeley listed in theDictionary of British Arms – Medieval Ordinary Vol II (1996),appear against Girdill, Gridley, Grindlay and Gyrdele. The entry states in the notes that for Grindlay specifically, the chevron may also appear in gold, a 'chev Or'. The same arms, appear for Girdler inThe General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales (1884),but with 'many hurts' orroundels azurefor difference, indicating a possible familial link.[9][144]ProfessorPatrick Hankssuggests in hisThe Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland (2016),that Girdley or Gyrdeley is probably ametathesisedvariant of Gridley or Grindley.
^hJohn Greneley should not be confused withSir John Ernleyor Ernle (seeErnle family).[271]
^iThe family (Henry de Grenley) are recorded as being in dispute primarily withRobert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derbyand his widow Eleanor at the end of the 13th century, however Robert and Eleanor's son,John de Ferrers, 1st Baron Ferrers of Chartley(seeBarons of Chartley) and theBarons of Groby,all subsequently became embroiled in the wider legal action initiated by Eleanor (seeFerrers family).[90][124]
^jThe family (Robert and Matilda de Grenleye) were involved in a legal dispute over land in the parish of Stowe (seeStowe-by-Chartley) Staffordshire, with Thomas del Leghe of Neuton, in 1369. Though established landed gentry by the 14th century, the Leghs went on to become a powerful aristocratic family with lands across Cheshire, Warwickshire and other counties, which included theEarls of Chichester,Barons of Stoneleigh,Barons of Newtonand others (seeLeghs of Lyme,Leghs of Adlington,Baron Leigh,etc.).[125]
^kThe family continued their expansion intoShropshire,South Lancashireand theIsle of Man(seeThomas Grindley),[272][273]with some resettling as far north asLanarkshireduring Glasgow's industrial expansion. Another possibleeponymexisting in South Lancashire, is Gryndley Cross (c.1560),[274]later Grindlow alias Greenlow Cross or Marsh,[275]then Grindley Marsh (c.1798) or Grindley-Marsh (c.1801),[276][277][278]and now thought to beGreenheys,part ofGreater Manchester.The area was previously named Withacre or Whitacre, but this changed around the period the family are thought to have taken lands in the area.[275]
^lCaptainRobert Melville Grindlay,E.I.C.S.,M.R.A.S.,etc. (1786-1877), served in the East India Company's Army and the 7th Bombay Infantry from 1804 to 1820. He moved to India as a cadet aged 17, reached the rank of captain in 1817, and retired from the military in 1820 at the age of 34, after which he returned to England and establishedGrindlays Bank.During his time in India, he made numerous sketches and drawings as a self-taught amateur artist, recording the life and landscape of the subcontinent (seeCategory:Robert Melville Grindlay). Although born in Marylebone, then a village near London, his distinctive middle name pays homage to his Scottish Grindlay ancestry and links between his forebears and the small but powerful nobleMelville familyof Midlothian and Fife (seeRobert Melville, 1st Lord Melville,Earl Melville,Clan Melville,etc.).[16]
^mSimilarly to the family name, both settlements have had various related spellings over time. Grinnla, now Greenlaw inBerwickshire,was formerly spelt Grenlay, Greynley, and Girnelay,[30]and Greenley in Northumberland, was formerly spelt Grenelay, Greenlee, and Greenlawe,[39]withleyorlayandlawbeing documented aliases.[191]Greenley sits betweenGreenlee Loughand Greenley Cleugh; Cleugh being a word of Scottish origin for "a steep valley or ravine", with Greenley Cleugh literally meaning a green valley clearing, and a possible source of the dual green / valley clearing origins of the Grindlay surname, put forward by Henry Harrison in hisSurnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary (1969).[1]
^nWilliam also later acted as clerk toJohn de Mowbray, 2nd Baron Mowbray.
^oIn 1801 George Grindlay made a substantial donation of books from hisprivate libraryto hisalma mater,theRoyal High Schoolin Edinburgh. Known as the 'Grindlay Bequest', the bestowal comprised many hundreds of volumes and was, and still remains, the largest ever received since the library's foundation in 1658. The remains of the Grindlay collection are now in theNational Library of Scotland,having been donated by the school in 1964.[279]
^pIn addition to owning a fleet of trade ships originally based in Grangemouth, Scotland and then later Liverpool, Walter Grindlay was also a sea captain and was shipmaster of the vessel the 'Grindlay' when it transported Scottish immigrant survivors of the destroyed 'India' to Port Phillip in Australia in 1841.[280][281][282]
^qThe Grindlay and Simpson families of Edinburgh were closely interrelated, forming a single extended family. Walter Grindlay was cousin ofSir James Young Simpson, 1st Baronet,both sharing Grindlay grandparents, and James's future wife, Janet Grindlay (later Lady Janet Grindlay Simpson) was a first cousin once removed and daughter of Walter Grindlay.Sir Walter Grindlay Simpson, 2nd Baronetwas Walter Grindlay's nephew. James was granted his own arms when made a baronet.[219][283]
^rThe surname of Grindal has several former spellings, including Grindle, Grindalli, and possibly Grenelawe.[34]The scholar and tutor to Queen Elizabeth I,William Grindal,is a probable relation of Edmund Grindal having also been born in the same coastal village of St. Bees, Cumberland.
^sThe "green mound and plant of oak"augmentation of honourawarded to Sir William de Grenlay, William Greneleye or Guillaume Greenlee (c.1372) following the siege of Harfleur, is retained in the 18th century arms of the Greenlees line of the family, awarded to Dr. Robert Greenlees of Scotland in 1750.[144]
^tThe tincture of the charges and ordinaries of the arms of the Nottinghamshire cadet branch, though likely argent, are unknown, and are therefore greyed out in the accompanying illustration.[10]
^uHoole Old Hall was purchased from John de Hoole, the Lord of Hoole, during the reign ofEdward II,by the Abbot of Chester and served as the grange for the abbots of the Abbey ofSt Werburgh(nowChester Cathedral,following the dissolution of the Abbey in 1540). During the 14th century the Old Hall (and other properties including the original Hoole Hall, destroyed during theEnglish Civil War,as opposed to the currentHoole Hall) came into the possession of theBunbury baronets,who owned it for the next 400 years, before passing to the Grindlay family.[284]
^vThe Orchardfield Estate was also known as the Grindlay Estate after it was purchased by George and William Grindlay in 1782. During the 19th century, the Grindlay family trust and theMerchant Company of Edinburgh,developed the estate in line with thefeuing planproposed by the renown Scottish architectWilliam Burn,and agreed byWilliam Trotter of Ballindean,theLord Provost of Edinburgh.[13][285]Grindlay Street and Grindlay Court, which both reside within the boundaries of the former estate, were named so in honour of the family.[216]
^wThough Edmund Grindal was born at Cross Hill House in St. Bees, his niece, Mabel Grindal, would take possession of the Manor of St. Bees and 80 acres of land, which became a primary family residence thereafter.[286]
^xNo known record of arms or insignia of the Anglo-Saxon thegns Hereweald and Æðel Grēneleāh or Gryndeleā (or otherOld Englishequivalents) survives.
^yThe arms of Grindall listed inThe General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales (1884)and dated to the end of the 18th century are most likely those ofVice Admiral Sir Richard Grindall KCB.[287][288]These arms and those of Grindal (Edmund Grindal) and Grindlay are identical bar sub-ordinary differencing (pheons for Grindlay, doves for Grindal, and pea-hens for Grindall; the later two both being crests of the Grindlay family).[144][235][289]
^zThe arms of the Greenly line of the family were adopted during the 17th century, and draw their inspiration from those of the Green family (formerly spelt Grene and Greene), in whose various arms, stags and the colour green feature heavily. This was due to an erroneously surmised association with the Green family during that period.[144]
^aaThe arms of the Gridley line reflect those of the City of Manchester (based on those of Albert de Gresle, 1st Baron of Manchester, to which the family have possible links) because of their Barony of Stockport, part of Greater Manchester.Arnold Gridley, 1st Baron Gridleygrew up in Abbey Dore, Herefordshire.[250][290]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdefghHarrison, Henry (1969).Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary.London: Clearfield. p. 176.ISBN9780806301716.
  2. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrsGreenlee, Ralph Stebbins (1908).Genealogy of the Greenlee Families in America, Scotland, Ireland and England.Privately Printed.
  3. ^abcdBurchinal, Beryl Modest (1990).The Ganss-Gans Genealogy, 1518-1990: Ancestors in Germany and Descendants in Pennsylvania of George Baltzer Gans, 1684-1760, Germany-Pennsylvania, the Immigrant Ancestor.Suburban Print. & Publishing Company and Penn State Book Binding Company.
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  5. ^abNisbet, Alexander (1816).A System of Heraldry.William Blackwood. p. 270.
  6. ^abcdBurke, John (1837).A Genealogical and Heraldic History of The Landed Gentry or Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, enjoying territorial possessions or high official rank, but uninvested with heritable honours.Henry Colburn. p. 292.
  7. ^abcdeFiennes, Sir Ranulph (2014).Agincourt: My Family, the Battle and the Fight for France.Hodder and Stoughton.ISBN9781444792102.
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  9. ^abcdefWagner, Sir Anthony (1996).Dictionary of British Arms - Medieval Ordinary Vol.II(PDF).London: The Society of Antiquaries of London. p. 341.
  10. ^abcdde Grey Birch, Walter (1894).Catalogue of Seals in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum: Volume 3.London: The British Museum. p. 34.
  11. ^abThe English Ancestry of Thomas Gridley of Windsor and Hartford, Connecticut (1612 - 1655).Thomas Boslooper, PhD.
  12. ^abMcAnlis, Virginia Wade (1994).The Consolidated Index to the Records of the Genealogical Office Dublin, Ireland.National Library of Ireland.
  13. ^abcdRodger, Richard (2001).The Transformation of Edinburgh: Land, Property and Trust in the Nineteenth Century.Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.ISBN9780521602822.George and William Grindlay of Orchardfield estate in Edinburgh
  14. ^abFoster, Joseph (1881).The baronetage and knightage.Nichols and Sons. p. 566.The arms of Walter Grindlay Simpson (Grindlay Simpson family)
  15. ^"RBS Heritage Hub".Grindlays Bank Ltd (1828-1958), established in London, was a past constituent of NatWest.
  16. ^abcdTyson, Geoffrey (1963).100 Years of Banking in Asia and Africa, 1863 - 1963 - A History of National and Grindlays Bank Limited: Chapter XV(PDF).London: National and Grindlays Bank Limited.
  17. ^"Coventry City Council Public Report".Coventry City Council. 14 July 2015.Archivedfrom the original on 4 October 2015.[The Right Worshipful the Lord Mayor of Coventry, Alderman] Alfred Robert Grindlay CBE, JP
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  19. ^abKimberley, Damien (2012).Coventry's Motorcar Heritage.History Press Limited.
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  21. ^abcHart, Colonel H. G. (1866).The New Annual Army List and Militia List for 1866(PDF).London: John Murray. pp. 76, 81c.Henry Robert Grindlay, 21 Hussars.
  22. ^abBrainard, Mary Genevie Green (1915).Campaigns of the One Hundred and Forty-sixth Regiment, New York State Volunteers.New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
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  25. ^"Reports of Masonic Meetings"(PDF).The Freemason.13(600): 395. 1880.
  26. ^abcdeJohn Burke Esq. &, Sir John Bernard Burke (1844).Encyclopædia of Heraldry, Or General Armory of England, Scotland and Ireland: Comprising a Registry of All Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time, Including the Late Grants by the College of Arms.H. G. Bohn.
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  29. ^abcHorovitz, David (2003)."A Survey and Analysis of the Place-Names of Staffordshire".PhD Thesis.2– via Nottingham University.
  30. ^abcdeLetters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 21 Part 2, September 1546-January 1547.London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1910. pp. 609–627.Greenlaw (Grenlaw, Girnelay, Grenlay, Greynley), in Scotland
  31. ^abcdMawer, Allen (1920).The Place-Names of Northumberland and Durham(PDF).Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 96.Greenlee or Greenleye
  32. ^abcdDurham Probate Records: pre-1858 original wills and inventories (1681-1699).Durham University Library, Archives and Special Collections: The Spiritual Chancellors to the bishops of Durham (through their Registrars). 1681.1) Greenley (Grinley) within the parrish of Whickham; 2) [...] yeoman, of Greenley Clugh (Greenlyclugh) in the parish of Haltwhisle (Haltwesle) and county of Northumberland; 3) John Greennly, yeoman, of Embleton in the county of Northumberland [Embleton, Northumberland]; also spelt Greenley
  33. ^abcdefgReaney, Percy (1958).A Dictionary of English Surnames.Routledge.ISBN9780415057370.
  34. ^abcdefghiHanks, Patrick (2016).The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland.Oxford University Press.ISBN9780192527479.
  35. ^Thompson, Dr Andrew (2012)."Thegns / Thanes".Thegns of Mercia.Etymology: The Old English word þegn / ðegn literally means 'military follower'. It is also glossed as 'servant, attendant and retainer, probably deriving from the verb ðegan - to serve. It derives from the Proto-Germanic *þegnaz. (It is cognate with the Old Norse þegn - meaning a freeman, Old High German thegan and German Degen "thane, warrior, hero" ).
  36. ^Snell, Melissa (2018)."Thegn - Anglo-Saxon Thegn or Thane".ThoughtCo.In Anglo-Saxon England, a thegn was a lord who held his land directly from the king in return for military service in time of war.
  37. ^Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward III: Volume 7, 1343-1346.His Majesty's Stationery Office (BHO: British History Online). 1901.Greenlee, Greneleye in Tynedale [in Simondburn, co. Northumberland], 487.
  38. ^ab"Blaeu Atlas of Scotland - Map Placenames search - National Library of Scotland".maps.nls.uk.Retrieved25 September2018.
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  40. ^abParson and White, William (1828).History, Directory, and Gazetteer, of the Counties of Durham and Northumberland. Volume 2.Leeds: W White and Co. (Harvard College Library). p. 581.Greenley, a hamlet in Henshaw township; 5 miles NE. of Haltwhistle...Sir Edward Blackett (seeBlackett baronets) is about to erect an elegant mansion on the edge of the extensive and beautiful lake or lough...
  41. ^abcdeGreenlee, Robert Lemuel (1908).Genealogy of the Greenlee families: with ancestors of Elizabeth Brooks Greenlee and Emily Brooks Greenlee, also genealogical data on the McDowells of Virginia and Kentucky.
  42. ^Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward I: Volume 4, 1301-1307.Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London (BHO: British History Online). 1898.
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  46. ^abCharles, William (2018)."www.clan-home.org".The Clan Home Association.There are numerous families from the Scottish borders who have historic links with the Clan [Home]. These include those by the name of Ayton, Blackadder, Greenlaw, Greenlees, Haliburton, Paxton, Nesbitt, Trotter and Wedderburn and related spellings.
  47. ^ab"Surname Genealogy - Some early 'Plant like' name records".One Name Studies.1395.John Plonte witnessed a conveyance of John de Grenley of land in Leek [Staffordshire] to Thomas Payge. John de Grenley evidently refers to Grindley (near Uttoxeter) which was spelled Grenlee in the 13th century and Grenley in the 14th century.
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  53. ^Dodgson, J. McN. (1972),The place-names of Cheshire. Part four: The place-names of Broxton Hundred and Wirral Hundred,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 47,ISBN0-521-08247-1
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  55. ^Dodgson, J. McN. (1981).The place-names of Cheshire: The place-names of the city of Chester; the elements of Cheshire place-names (A-Gylden).English Place-Name Society.ISBN9780904889079.
  56. ^"The Survey of English Place-Names: British Academy Research Project".The English Place-Name Society.1923.Tushingham cum Grindley
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  59. ^"The Survey of English Place-Names: British Academy Research Project".The English Place-Name Society.1923.Little Gringley
  60. ^"Survey of English Place-Names: British Academy Research Project".The English Place-Name Society.1923.Gringley on the Hill
  61. ^A Dictionary of British Place-Names.Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2011. p. 215.ISBN978-0-19-107894-1.Gringley on the Hill, Notts. Gringeleia 1086 (DB). Possibly 'woodland clearing of the people living at the green place'. OE grēne + inga + lēah.
  62. ^London; Being an Accurate History and Description of the British Metropolis... - David Hughson - Internet Archive.W. Stratford. 1809. p.500.Retrieved6 March2014.fitz ausculph.
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  65. ^ab"Domesday Book".Merriam-Webster Online.Archivedfrom the original on 8 February 2012.Retrieved13 October2011.
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  67. ^abc"The Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England (PASE)".King’s College London; University of Cambridge; University of Oxford.1. William fitzAnsculf (son of Ansculf de Picquigny); 2. Robert, Count of Meulan; 3. Thorkil of Warwick; 4. Godric 'of Shuttington'; 5. Stanketil 'of Witton'
  68. ^abWilliams, Ann (1995).The English and the Norman Conquest.Boydell & Brewer. p. 104-105.ISBN9780851157085.Moreover many of the mesne-tenants on Thorkell's fief were Englishmen, some holding the same manors which they or their fathers had held before the conquest; a phenomenon also found on the fief of Robert of Meulan (seeRobert de Beaumont). It seems that the survival of one of the key families in Warwickshire had enhanced the chances of some of the lesser men of the shire.
  69. ^abc"Domesday Landowners 1066-1086".Quick Gen - Genealogy Blog focusing on American and European Ancestry.1. Stenkil of Kingston; 2. Godric of Shuttington
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  72. ^ab"Family Card - Person Sheet: Roger de Somery Baron of Dudley".Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI).Roger and Agnes had Margaret de Someri who m. John de Sutton I, Lord of Dudley Castle in 1326 (son of Sir Richard de Sutton).
  73. ^abPowicke, review ofThe Book of Fees […] Part II,p. 495.
  74. ^abCalendar of Patent Rolls: Edward I. 1292(PDF).Vol. 2. The University of Iowa. p. 465.Roger de Sumery, tenant in chief...in the manor of Bordeshale
  75. ^Fine Roll C 60/57, 44 HENRY III (1259–1260).Henry III Fine Rolls Project.
  76. ^Chadwick, Howard (1924)."History of Dunham-on-Trent, with Ragnall, Darlton, Wimpton, Kingshaugh, etc: Wimpton".www.nottshistory.org.uk.Archivedfrom the original on 23 January 2022.Witnesses to grants of lands in Nottinghamshire. 1) Hugh de Grenlay (Grinnelay) and William(s) de Grenley. (28 May 1307); 2) William Grinlay deBurton [upon Trent, Staffordshire],exchanging lands in the village ofWimpton,Nottinghamshire.
  77. ^abBirch, W. de G. (1894).Catalogue of seals in the Department of manuscripts in the British Museum. Volume III.London: William Clowes and Sons.William, son of John de Grenleye, of co. Notts. [A.D. 1374]. Dark-red: indistinct. A shield of arms: a bend bretessed, betw. three crescents. Within a gothic panel.
  78. ^abInquisitions Post Mortem, Edward I, File 19.His Majesty's Stationery Office, London (BHO: British History Online). 1906. pp. 149–156.Multiple references to family (Grenlay) lands in Nottinghamshire.
  79. ^Thoroton (1623-1678), Robert.The antiquities of Nottinghamshire extracted out of records, original evidences, leiger books, other manuscripts, and authentick authorities: beautified with maps, prospects, and portraictures.Hugh de Grenley concerning the Mannor of Carleton in Lindrik [Nottinghamshire]{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  80. ^The manuscripts of the Duke of Leeds, the Bridgewater Trust, Reading Corporation, the Inner Temple, &c.London (www.archive.org): Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1888.Multiple references to family (Grenley, Grenlay, Grenelay) and lands in Nottinghamshire
  81. ^Great Britain. Court of Common Pleas. Pedes finium: or, Fines, relating to county of Cambridge, levied in the King's court from the seventh year of Richard I. to the end of the reign of Richard III.www.ebooksread.com.Edward I - Robert fil' Richard de Flyxthorp (Nottinghamshire) v. John fil' Robert de Grenlay whom Hugh de Grenlay calls to warrant in Longastaunton & Hoketon
  82. ^Baines, Edward (1836).History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster: I.London: Fisher, Son & Co. pp. 226–227.Robertus de Grenlay and others standing againstWilliam le Gentil,the infamousHigh Sheriff of Lancashire,for 'oppression of the people' inWest Derby,in the south of the historic county ofLancashire,nowCheshireduring the reign ofEdward II.
  83. ^abcdHanks, Patrick (2003).Dictionary of American Family Names.Oxford University Press. pp. 81, 86.ISBN9780199771691.
  84. ^abcdePixton, Paul B.Wrenbury Wills and Inventories 1542-1661.The Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire.Multiple references throughout, including 1. Grindley (Gryndley, Grinley, Grendeley, Grindleye). 2. Grindeleyes Feeld (Newhall) and Grindleys Green. 3. Richard de Grendeley and Richard de Grindley ininquisitio post mortemof Sir John Lovell (Baron Lovel) (1408) and Court Rolls of Newhall Manor (1542-1660).
  85. ^abcPym Yeatman, John.Extracts (with notes) from The Pipe Rolls for the Counties of Nottingham and Derby from the earliest period to the end of the reign of King Edward I.(PDF).London: Parker & Co. p. 141.1. William de Grenelega, 2. Simon de Greneley
    • John Pym Yeatman.Extracts (with notes) from The Pipe Rolls for the Counties of Nottingham and Derby from the earliest period to the end of the reign of King Edward I.London: Parker & Co.
  86. ^Cooper, C.P. (1836).Excerpts from the Roll of Fines in the Tower of London from the reign of Henry III (1216 - 1272).United Kingdom: The Commissioners of Public Records (House of Commons) by order of King William VI. p. 331.Simone de Greneleye
  87. ^Roberts, Caroli (1836).Excerpta È Rotulis Finium in Turri Londinensi Asseratis Henrico Tertio Rege, A.D. 1216 - 1272 Volume 2.The Royal Library at The Hague. p. 331.Simonis de Greneleye
  88. ^Calendar of the Fine Rolls. Vol XVII. Henry VI. AD 1437-1435.London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1937. p. 218.Thomas Greneley of Burton...; in the county of Nottingham; excepting 73l. 18s. 7 3/4d. to be distributed by Henry Grey of Codnore (Baron Grey of Codnor), and by John Zouche (Baron Zouche), 'chivaler', and William Merynge, 'chivaler', knights coming to Parliament.
  89. ^abThoroton's History of Nottinghamshire: Volume 3, Republished With Large Additions By John Throsby.Nottingham (BHO: British History Online): J Throsby. 1796.Hugh de Grenely (Greneley), taking legal action against Walter de Furneus (Fourneaux), descendants of the de Cheverchort family, for control of the manor of Carleton in Lindrik.
  90. ^abc"Plea Rolls for Staffordshire: 7 Edward I (1239 – 1307)".The National Archives.Staffordshire Record Society. 1885. pp. 92–102.Alianora [Eleanor] the widow of Robert de Ferrars [Ferrers] vs Henry de Grenley, Geoffrey de Warilowe (de Grenleye) and others.
  91. ^abCalendar of Patent Rolls, Edward I: Volume 2, 1281-1292 (1289-1290, membranes 46, 45, 44, 43, 42, 41, 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31).Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London (BHO: British History Online). 1895. pp. 334–354.The abbot of Wellebek [Welbeck], going to Norway on the king's service, nominating Hugh de Greneley. April 10 Woodstock (seeWoodstock Palace).
  92. ^abCalendar of Close Rolls, Henry IV: Volume 2, 1402-1405.His Majesty's Stationery Office, London (BHO: British History Online). 1929. pp. 407–413.Orders from King Henry IV to the Sheriff of Nottingham and the Coroner of Nottinghamshire, John de Grenlay.
  93. ^Salt, T (1887).Collections for a history of Staffordshire.Harrison and Sons.Willielmus (William) Grenleye one of a small group of 'militibus' to witness the signing of local legal documents (plea rolls).
  94. ^abcSalt, T (1887).Collections for a history of Staffordshire.Harrison and Sons.Multiple accounts of the activities of Galfridi (Geoffrey), Willielmus (William) and John de Greneleye, including applying their warranty and seal to various documents, and being formal witnesses to others.
  95. ^"Southwell and Nottingham Church History Project".www.southwellchurches.nottingham.ac.uk.1349. Thomas, son of Robert de Grenlay
  96. ^"County roll of John de Grenley - Coroners' Rolls and Files: Nottinghamshire".The National Archives.County roll of John de Grenley, King's Coroner for Nottinghamshire (17-19 Ric II (Richard II))
  97. ^"University of Oxford website - (Home/About/OrganisationUniversity Officers/Vice-Chancellor/Previous Vice-Chancellors)".
  98. ^abFrowde, Henry (1888).The Historical Register of the University of Oxford: Being a supplement to the Oxford University Calendar, with an alphabetical record of University honours and distinctions completed to the end of Trinity term 1888.Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press.Thomas Grenley, Grenely, or Greneley; Fellow of Oriel College; Proctor, Oxford University; and Vice Chancellor, Oxford University
  99. ^abThe Publications of the Bedfordshire Historical Record Society Volume 1 [Misc Papers].Vol. 1. Bedfordshire Historical Record Society. 1913. p. 257.Book of Norrell. Masters and Lords of the Manor. 1460 Thomas Greneley Master [Parson and Lord of the Mannor.]
  100. ^A History of the County of Bedford: Volume 3 - Parishes: Northill.London: Victoria County History (BHO: British History Online). 1912.
  101. ^A History of the County of Bedford: Volume 1 - College: Northill.London: Victoria County History (BHO: British History Online). 1904.
  102. ^ab"The Manor of Northill College".Bedfordshire Archives.
  103. ^abc"The Medieval Soldier Project".University of Southampton and University of Reading.1. William Greneleye (Captain: Thomas Beauchamp, 1339-1401, Earl of Warwick); 2. William de Grenlay (Captain: John Neville)
  104. ^"The Medieval Soldier Project".University of Southampton and University of Reading.1. John Grenlay (Captain: Thomas Beaufort, 1377-1426, Earl of Dorset, Duke of Exeter); 2. John Greneley / John Grenley (Captain: William Minors)
  105. ^Bell, Adrian R. (2013).The Soldier in Later Medieval England.Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 112, 172, 304, 305.ISBN978-0-19-968082-5.John Grenley; Man-at-Arms
  106. ^"The Medieval Soldier Project".University of Southampton and University of Reading.Thomas Grenlay / Greynley, Man-at-Arms (Captain: Sir William Fulthorp)
  107. ^ab"The Medieval Soldier Project".University of Southampton and University of Reading.1. Stephen (Styn, Sym) Gredeley / Gredley / Greddelay, Man-at-Arms (Captain: John Talbot, 1385 - 1453, Earl of Shrewsbury)
  108. ^ab"The Medieval Soldier Project".University of Southampton and University of Reading.1. Thomas de Gredelay (Captain: John Beaufort, 1403 - 1444, Duke of Somerset); 2. Thomas Grynnelay / Grinzeley (Captain: John Talbot, 1385 - 1453, Earl of Shrewsbury)
  109. ^"The Medieval Soldier Project".University of Southampton and University of Reading.Robin Grynelay, Archer (Captain: Henry Bourchier [1408 - 1483] Count of Eu, Earl of Essex)
  110. ^Jones, Michael K (1982).The Beaufort family and the war in France 1421-1450.Bristol: University of Bristol. p. 319.
  111. ^Harris Nicholas Esq., Nicholas (1827).The History of the Battle of Agincourt: And of the Expedition of Henry the Fifth in France: To which us added, The Roll of the Men at Arms in the English Army.London: Johnson: Harvard College Library. p. 498.ISBN9780389040354.
  112. ^"The Medieval Soldier Project".University of Southampton and University of Reading.William Gyrdeley, Man-at-Arms (Captain: John Holland,1395-1447, Earl of Huntingdon, Duke of Exeter; Commander: Henry V, 1386-1442, King of England)
  113. ^abcWriothesley, Sir Thomas.A collection of arms, some coloured, pedigrees and other heraldic material. Early 16th century, with later 16th century additions.
  114. ^"East Sussex Records Office".The National Archives.Deeds of the Manor of Boarzell and land in Ticehurst and Etchingham
  115. ^Girders, Ian."Girders Medieval Biological Index".
  116. ^"East Sussex Records Office".The National Archives.
  117. ^"Quitclaim. East Sussex and Brighton and Hove Record Office (ESBHRO)".The National Archives.6 Oct 1460. Quitclaim by Joan, widow of William Gyrdele[y] of Ticehurst, to John Roberd of Cranbrook.
  118. ^"Archive of the Roberts family of Boarzell in Ticehurst and Stonehouse in Warbleton and the Dunn Family of Stonehouse. East Sussex and Brighton and Hove Record Office (ESBHRO)".The National Archives.John Roberts of Glassenbury in Cranbrook, Kent, established the family's Sussex estates with the purchase of Boarzell in Ticehurst in 1459. Boarzell was demolished in 1859 by John Roberts Dunn.
  119. ^Brewer, J. S. (2015).Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII.Part 1. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 223.ISBN9781108062596.20 Feb. 1509. Commission of the Peace. Sussex. -W. Abp. of Canterbury,R. Bp. of Winchester,Thos. Earl of Arundel,Henry Earl of Northumberland,Thos. Earl of Surrey,Will. Lord Mautravers,Thos. West Lord De la Warr,Thos. Fenys Lord Dacre,Sir Robert Rede,John Butteler, John More, Sir Thos. West, Sir Roger Lowkenor, Sir David Owen, Sir. Thos. Fenys,Sir Goddard Oxenbrigge,Sir John Devinysshe, John Greneley, John Dawtrey, Ric. Sakvyle, Will. Asshebournham, Vincent Fynche, Thos. Theccher, John Carell, Nich. Shirley, Thos. Assheburnham, Edward Palmer, Ric. Covert, John Goryng, John Theccher, Will. Shelley, Robt Morley, John Stanney, John Onley, and Will. Scardoyle. Westm., 20 Feb. Pat. 2 Hen.VIII. p.3, m. 5d.
  120. ^Wrottesley, George (1890).Collections for a History of Staffordshire.Harrison and Sons.Nicholas de Denston, complainant, and William de Greneleye. 20th January, 1328.
  121. ^McSweeney, Thomas. J. (2014).The Kings Courts and the Kings Soul: Pardoning as Almsgiving in Medieval England(PDF).Land granted to Nicholas de Denton later subjected to dispute.
  122. ^Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry III: Volume 5, 1258-1266.London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1910. p. 464.Grant for life to Nicholas de Denton for an oratory.
  123. ^Staffordshire Historical Collections, Vol. 11. Staffordshire Fines: 1-10 Edward III.London: Staffordshire Record Society. 1890. pp. 127–141.Nicholas de Denston (affiliate of the Barons of Bagot's Bromely) vs William de Greneleye concerning acres of land in and around Bromleye Bagot.
  124. ^abCollections for a history of Staffordshire - Plea Rolls of the reign of Edward I.Staffordshire Record Society.Birmingham, England: Houghton and Hammond. 1885. pp. 96–97.Alianora [Eleanor] the widow of Robert de Ferrars [Ferrers] vs Henry de Grenley, Geoffrey de Warilowe (de Grenleye) and others.
  125. ^ab"Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent Archive Service: Staffordshire County Record Office".The National Archives.1369.Matilda, widow of Robert son of Thomas de Grenleye vs Thomas del Leghe of Neuton. Witnesses including Ralph Bagot and Thomas Bagot.
  126. ^"Staffordshire Deeds: Grindley".The National Archives.Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent Archive Service: Staffordshire County Record Office.William son of Geoffrey de Warilowe de Grenleye vs Prior and Convent of St. Thomas the Martyr by Stafford
  127. ^Palmer, Robert."Feet of Fines: CP 25/1/184/26".www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk.Thomas de Wouer vs Adam, son of William de Grenleye, regarding 1 messuage, 2 mills, 5 and a half bovates of land and 45 acres of meadow and 54 shillings of rent. 13th November, 1329.
  128. ^Palmer, Robert."Feet of Fines: CP 25/1/186/35".www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk.Ives de Fulham vs Joan de Greneley and others, vs regarding 4 messuages, 1 toft, 46 acres of land, 19 acres of meadow, 3 acres of wood, 5 acres of marsh and 12 pence of rent in Madersey and Euerton. 12 November, 1385.
  129. ^Collections for a History of Staffordshire.London: Harrison & Sons. 1887.
  130. ^"Northamptonshire Archives".The National Archives.14 July 1468.
  131. ^"Will of Philippe Greneley of Moldeley in Lughurnes, Herefordshire".The National Archives, Kew.10 May 1504.
  132. ^Bannister, Arthur Thomas (1921)."Register of Bishop Richard Mayew. The Canterbury and York Society. Diocese of Hereford".www.melocki.org.uk.
  133. ^"No. 24945".London Gazette:979. 2 March 1881.1881: Edward Howarth Greenly of Titley Court, Kington
  134. ^"Lives of the First World War: Walter Howarth Greenly".www.imperialwarmuseum.com.Major General Walter Howorth Greenly was born on 2 January 1875 at Titley, Herefordshire, England. He was the son of Edward Howorth Greenly and Sarah Caroline Forster. He died in 1955. He fought in the Boer War between 1899 and 1902. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (D.S.O.) He gained the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel between 1912 and 1916 in the 19 Royal Hussars. He fought in the First World War between 1914 and 1918. He was Commander of the 2 Cavalry Division between 1916 and 1918. He gained the rank of Colonel between 1917 and 1920 in the 12 Royal Lancers. He was appointed Companion, Order of St. Michael and St. George (C.M.G.) He was head of the British Mission to Romania between 1918 and 1920.
  135. ^Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the reign of Henry VIII.Vol. 781. The King's Payments. Household expenses of Henry VIII. in the year 1539 (continued from Vol. XIII., Ft. ii., No. 1280.). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1895.*Geo. Grenlegh, servant to lord Leonard Grey, coming from Ireland with letters and returning with the King's letters, and "for the time of his attendance".
  136. ^The Manuscripts of the Marquis of Ormonde. Royal Commission of Historical Manuscripts (HM Stationery Office).Eyre & Spottiswoode. 1895. p. 182.7 October 1662. Sir William Flower's muster roll; John Grinley
  137. ^"16th Century Wills"(PDF).Historical Resources.Thomas Grendeley of Gratwich (1545)
  138. ^Quarter Session Records, County Palatine of Chester, 1559 - 1760. Volume 1(PDF).The Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire. 1940. p. 2.Conveyance of land on 1718, Oct. 31., between Sir James Poole of Poole, baronet, and Rowland Poole, his second son, and John Grenley or Grindley, in Buerton, Co. Cheshire. (SeePoole baronets)
  139. ^"The Survey of English Place-Names: British Academy Research Project".The English Place-Name Society.1923.
  140. ^"English Phonetic Surname Aliases 1750 to 1800".Familysearch.org.28 June 2022.Grindley or Grinley
  141. ^Hitching, F. K. & S. (1910).References to English Surnames in 1601 and 1602.Clearfield. p. 39.ISBN9780806301815.Grinley (Staffordshire), Grindleye (Shropshire)
  142. ^The Royal Kalendar and Court and City Register for England, Scotland, Ireland and the Colonies, for the year 1825.London: William Stockdale. 1825. p. 125.The Honourable Band of Gentlemen-Pensioners, established 1509. William Grinley, Esq. (SeeHonourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms)
  143. ^"The London Gazette".1823. p. 2143.The Earl of Courtown has been pleased to appoint William Grinley, Esq. to be a Gentleman Pensioner in Ordinary to His Majesty. (SeeHonourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms)
  144. ^abcdefgBurke, Sir Bernard (1884).The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales: Comprising a Registry of Amorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time.London: Harrison & Sons.
  145. ^Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward III: Volume 4, 1337-1339.Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. 1990.
  146. ^Lower, Mark Antony (1860).Patronymica Britannica: A Dictionary of the Family Names of the United Kingdom.John Russel Smith.ISBN9780788404566.
  147. ^Deacon, Charles William (1902).The Court Guide and County Blue Book of Warwickshire, Worcestershire, and Staffordshire.London: Charles William Deacon & Co. pp. 382 (section: Landed Gentry, Country Families, etc.).William Harry Grindley Esq, JP - Tunstall and Parkfields, Tittensor, Stoke on Trent
  148. ^ab"The British News Paper Archive".Coventry Evening Telegraph.21 April 1965.Director of a Coventry Firm dies aged 65. Mr Reginald Robert Grindlay, the elder son of Mr A. R. Grindlay, a former Alderman and "Father" of Coventry City Council, died at his home at Derwent Island, Keswick, yesterday. Mr Grindlay was 65 years old and until about six months ago lived at Holly Lodge, Berkswell. He was a director with his father, and a younger brother, Mr Stephen Grindlay, of Grindlay (Coventry) Ltd. Mr Grindlay, a prominent Freemason, was a member of the Grand Lodge of England and of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Warwickshire. He was a past master of the Victory Lodge, Coventry. His death occurred suddenly. The funeral will be on Friday at 3.30 pm at Allesley Church. He leaves a widow, Mrs Vera Grindlay, and a son and daughter.
  149. ^"Warrington Road - Mayfield House".Hoole History & Heritage Society.Grindley of Hoole Old Hall
  150. ^"UK, Electoral Registers".www.ancestry.com.Grindlay of Westcote Manor, Edgehill
  151. ^"Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre".The National Archives.Major Grindlay of The Old Rectory, Wylye, Wiltshire (seeWylye - Notable Buildings)
  152. ^"Surrey History Centre".The National Archives.The lease of Cairn House by W G Grindlay Esq. fromWilliam Tollemache, 9th Earl of Dysart. "Numbers 1–39 (1981–2018): Contents, Author Index and Subject Index"(PDF).Richmond History.
  153. ^"London Borough of Sutton: Archives & Local Studies".The National Archive.The purchase of a freehold estate situated at Carshalton by Captain [Robert Melville] Grindley (Grindlay), of The Regent's Park, London, on 21 August 1821.
  154. ^"British Newspaper Archive".Coventry Herald - Saturday 25 August 1928.1928.District News: Allesley - A garden fete of the Earlsdon, Greyfriars and Westwood wards of the Coventry Liberal Association was held in the grounds of Trinity House, Allesley, last Saturday afternoon, by permission of Councillor and Mrs A. R. Grindlay.
  155. ^"Napoleonic War Records 1775-1817".Single entry for Grindlay. William Grindlay, enlisted 21 May 1806,26th (Cameronian) Regiment of Foot
  156. ^"A-Z Waterloo Soldiers | Waterloo 200".Waterloo 200 Descendants Book.Pte. Joshua Grindley of 2nd Battalion,95th Regiment of Foot,Company of Captain C Eaton.
  157. ^"Prisoners Of War 1715-1945".www.findmypast.co.uk.Participants in The Great French War included 1) Captain James Grindlay, prisoner of war, born in Scotland, Master of theNancy,captured by the French in 1799, released 12th November 1800 in exchange for Captain Charles Piquet of 81st Brigade underLouis Lazare Hoche;2) Thomas Grindlay, prisoner of war; 3) James Grindley of theCornwallis,prisoner of war, captured and held prisoner in France at some point between 1779 and 1781.
  158. ^Grindlay, Robert Melville.Steam communication with India(PDF)(1st ed.). London.
  159. ^Wallis, Frank H (2011)."A History of the British Conquest of Afghanistan and Western India, 1838 to 1849".Victorian Studies.54(1): 111.doi:10.2979/victorianstudies.54.1.117.JSTOR10.2979/victorianstudies.54.1.117.S2CID142641569.
  160. ^"Centenary of the Battle of the Somme".UK Parliament.2016.Lance Corporal Samuel Grindlay, 7th BattalionEast Lancashire Regiment.Killed in action on 21st July 1916,Battle of the Somme.
  161. ^"They Served For Us - Owen Sound Collegiate and Vocational Institute (OSCVI)".www.oscvi.com.Pte. George Henry Grindley, of the 5th Canadian Field Ambulance (Canadian Army Medical Corps), andSherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment).Killed in action September 17, 1916, during theBattle of the Somme,nearWarloy-Baillon.He was posthumously awarded the1914-15 Star,theBritish War Medal,and theVictory Medalfor his service.
  162. ^"British Army Service Records".www.findmypast.co.uk.Multiple entries for Grindlay (~23), covering WWI. Some duplication.
  163. ^"Commonwealth War Graves Commission".www.cwgc.org.Multiple entries for Grindlay (~18), covering both WWI and WWII.
  164. ^"Prisoners Of War 1715-1945".www.findmypast.co.uk.Multiple entries for Grindlay (~16). Some duplication.
  165. ^"Lives of the First World War".www.iwm.org.uk.Multiple entries for Grindlay (~88). Some duplication.
  166. ^abHart, Colonel H. G. (1871).The New Annual Army List and Militia List and Indian Civil Service List for 1871(PDF).London: John Murray. pp. 60–61, 620.Lt.Colonel [Henry Robert] Grindlay served the Punjaub Campaign of 1845-46, including the battles of Chillianwallah (severely wounded) and Goojerat ([Punjab] Medal with two Clasps). Served as Assistant Quarter Master General to Brigadier General Nicholson's Movable Column at the defeat of the Sealkote mutineers on the banks of the Ravee, on 12 and 16 July 1857 (Brevet of Major), and was afterwards present at the siege and capture of Delhi ([Indian Mutiny Medal] Medal with Clasp)
  167. ^"New Year Honours – The Official Lists, New Peers And Baronets, Long Roll Of Soldiers".The Times.1918.1918 New Year Honours (MM)-Military Medal.Pte. H. Grindley, Grenadier Guards (Tarvin)
  168. ^abRoyal Army Medical Corps, Great Britain. Army. (1916).Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps.Vol. 27. London: J. Bale, Sons & Danielson, Limited. pp. 26, 49.Distinguished Conduct MedalNo. 43124 Staff-Serjt. Alexander Brown Grindlay.
  169. ^"Supplement to The London Gazette"(PDF).The London Gazette.1980.Group Captain George Lionel GrindleyO.B.E.,Royal Air Force, to be Ordinary Officers of the Military Division of the said Most Excellent Order (O.B.E.)
  170. ^"Supplement to the London Gazette"(PDF).The London Gazette.12 June 1945.The undermtd. (on appt. to R.C.A.F.):— Flts. Lts.:— G. E. Grindlay,M.B.E.(75693). 23rd Apr. 1945.
  171. ^abMcGrory, David (2015).Coventry's Blitz.Amberley Publishing Limited.ISBN9781445650005.Multiple references to 1)Alfred Robert "Bob" Grindlay;2)Grindlay Peerless;3) Other Grindlay personnel, companies and activities.
  172. ^Jackson, Colin (2017) [2013].Classic British Motorcycles.Fonthill Media.
  173. ^ab"Obituary - Dr Robert Walter Guy Grindlay".The British Medical Journal:1658. 1963.Dr R. W. G. Grindlay,M.R.C.S.,L.R.C.P.,D.A.,F.F.A.R.C.S.,M.B.C.H.B.was a member of that group of anaesthetists who in the immediate post-war years pioneered the advances in his specialty which were to prove epoch-making. He was husband to Pamela Francis Campbell-Brabazon, daughter of General John St. Clair Campbell-Brabazon (seeCampbell baronets, of St Cross Mede).
  174. ^ab"Supplement to The London Gazette"(PDF).The London Gazette.Henry Hugh Grindley, Esq.,O.B.E.,Director and General Manager, Central Uruguayan Railway Company, Montevideo, to be a Commander of the Civil Division of the said Most Excellent Order (C.B.E)
  175. ^"www.stivichall-lodge.org.uk".
  176. ^United Grand Lodge of England Freemason Membership Registers, 1751-1921.London, England: Library and Museum of Freemasonry; London, England.20th May 1836 - Grindlay, Robert Melville. East India Agent
  177. ^"Capt. Robert Melville Grindlay (The Print Gallery)".The Map House (www.themaphouse.com).
  178. ^Chatterjee, Arup K Chatterjee."Robert Melville Grindlay: The artist, Indophile and imperialist who founded Grindlays Bank".Scroll In.
  179. ^Grindlay, Robert Melville (1830).Scenery, Costumes and Architecture, Chiefly on the Western Side of India.Smith, Elder & Company.
  180. ^"London Metropolitan Archives: City of London".The National Archives.Robert Melville Grindlay esq, and others of Leamington Priors, Warwickshire, appointed as trustees for Harriet Rokeby of Oxenden near Market Harborough, Northamptonshire
  181. ^"www.historiccoventry.co.uk".
  182. ^"Second Supplement to the London Gazette"(PDF).The London Gazette.1 May 1945.Flt. Lt. R. W. G. GRINDLAY, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. (66475) (on account of medical unfitness for Air Force service) retaining the rank of Sqn. Ldr. 18th Apr. 1945.
  183. ^"www.austinharris.co.uk".RWG Grindlay in his Salmson at 1928 Shelsley Walsh Amateur Hill Climb
  184. ^"WO 374 - War Office: Officers' Services, First World War, Major Henry Hugh Grindley. Royal Field Artillery".The National Archives.
  185. ^"Major accessions to repositories in 2008 relating to Business".National Archives.2008.Retrieved18 August2012.
  186. ^"WH Grindley & Co Ltd, earthenware manufacturers, Tunstall GB/NNAF/C95818".National Register of Archives.Retrieved18 August2012.
  187. ^"G C Grindley Fund".University of Cambridge - School of the Biological Sciences.
  188. ^"History of the EPS: Beginnings".Experimental Psychology Society.Grindley Grant
  189. ^Gibson, Robert (1905).An Old Berwickshire Town. History of the town and parish of Greenlaw, from the earliest times to the present day.Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. pp. 2–4, 278–298.Edited by Thomas Gibson. Contributions byProfessor George Alexander Gibson LL.D.and Rev. Peter Wilson, M.A. 1) There is nothing known of the names of persons in possession till we come down to the twelfth century, when, in aKelso Abbeycharter of date 1180, the name of a William de Grenelaw occurs. This is the first notice of the Greenlaw family, who probably took their surname of Greenlaw from the lands or place, thus intimating their proprietary relation to the lands. This family is not to be mistaken, as it has been, for the family of Patrick, who got from his fatherCospatrick, third Earl of Dunbar,the so-called manor of Greenlaw before 1166. 2) Where the surname Greenlaw occurs in the earlier charters, they have mistakenly applied it to Patrick, who got from his father Cospatrick, third Earl of Dunbar, the manor of Greenlaw not later than 1166, and to his son William by his first marriage, and to some supposed members of the family of William, of which family existence it is to be noted there is no evidence, William is supposed by those writers to have used the surname Greenlaw till he acquired the lands of Home, when he assumed the surname of Home from these lands. This belief is due simply to the fact that Patrick and William were holders of Greenlaw lands, and the consequent presumption was that they bore the surname, a presumption that has vitiated all or most that has been written on the question. 3) The surname "de Greenlaw" first occurs in a charter to Kelso Abbey in 1180, to which a William de Greenlaw is witness. This William could not be William, son of Patrick, as the latter died in 1266 (Wood's Peerage). Even had he been alive in 1180 he would not have been of age to witness a deed. This same William de Greenlaw is witness to another charter relating to Kelso Abbey property atInnerwickabout 1190 (Charter 143).
  190. ^Parish of Whickham.Nichols and Son (BHO: British History Online). 1820.Gryndley or Grindlawe, in the Parish of Whickham
  191. ^abcDobson, David (2003).The Scottish Surnames of Colonial America.Clearfield Company.ISBN9780806352091.
  192. ^Calendar of State Papers Domestic: James I, 1611-18.London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1858.
  193. ^"Sheriff Court Filiation and Aliment Decrees of Scotland".www.oldscottish.com.Elizabeth Greenlee or Grindlay. Scotland
  194. ^Index to Register of Deeds Preserve in HM General Registry House.Her Majesty's Stationery Office - Scottish Record Office. 1682.Grindlay (Greenlaw or Grinlay)
  195. ^"Scotland, Select Births and Baptisms, 1564-1950".www.ancestry.com.Ralf Greenlaw or Grindlay
  196. ^ab"Geneanet".www.geneanet.org.Alison Greenlaw or Grindlay (b.1798) of Fife, Scotland. Daughter of John Greenlaw or Grindly.
  197. ^abcdeFraser Black, George (2022) [1946].Surnames of Scotland: Their Origin, Meaning and History.John Donald.ISBN9781788852968.GREENLAW. The name of an old family in Berwickshire, derived from their lands there. They may have been an offshoot from the Dunbars. William de Grenlawa, c. 1180 (Kelso, 333). An agreement between the abbot of Kelso and Roland de Grenelawe regarding the chapel was made c. 1200 (ibid., 145). Magister William de Grenlau, a churchman, witnessed a charter by Walter, bishop of Glasgow, c. 1208-18 (LCD., p. 236), and in 1221 was one of a number appointed to settle a dispute between the churches of Glasgow and Kelso (REG., 116), and c. 1221-31 witnessed the grant of the church of Lympetlaw to Kelso Abbey (Soltre, p. 25). In 1233 he witnessed resignation of the lands of Eduluestun to the church of Glasgow (REG, p. 140). William of Greenlaw, son of Roland, son of William, witnessed Melrose documents of 1236-37 (Melos, 298, 274), and held lands in Falsington of Robert de Muschamp, part of which he gave to Melrose Abbey before 1247 (ES., I, p. 545n.), in which year he died (Chron. Mail. s.a.). Matheu de Grenlawe fiz William de Grenlawe of Berwickshire and William de Grenlawe of Edinburghshire rendered homage in 1296 (Bain, u, p. 206, 198). William de Grenelawe was clerk to Sir John de Mowbrav in 1306 Abid., 1868), and in 1327 and following years there are records of payment of king's alms to Symon de Grenlaw (ER., I, p. 60, 90, etc.). William de Grenlaw was archdeacon of St. Andrews, 1361 (Cambus, 160). Gilbert de Grenlaw or Grynlaw, canon of Aberdeen, 1386, afterwards bishop of Aberdeen and chancellor of Scotland, died in 1422 (REA., 1, p. xxxiv-vi, 172). Thomas Grenlaw, archdeacon, had a safe conduct in England, 1424 (Bain, IV, 943), Thomas de Grenelawe was bailie of the Temple, 1426 (Egidit, p. 48), Thomas de Grenlaw, vicar of Conveth, was made burgess of Aberdeen, 1439 (NSCM., 1, p. 5), and Thomas Grenlaw was vicar of Erth, 1452 (Pollok, 1, p. 172). Nicholas Grenlaw was rector of Eddilstoun, 1503 (Simon, 64). Grenelaw 1531, Greynlaw 1429, Grinlay 1447, Grinlaw 1484.
  198. ^"FreeBMD".Free UK Genealogy(FreeBMD data compiled by Dr J Leitch for 'In Search of the Medieval anglo saxons by Research and DNA: One Family Journey Over 2000 Years from Medieval Physicians' republished on Geni).N Grenlaw (c.1520) of Stirling, Scotland; brother of Michael Grindlay (c. 1533) and Alexander Grinla; father of Gilbert Grenlaw (c. 1584), Henrie Grenlaw, William Grenlaw, Patrick Grenlaw and William Grindlay (c.1558); father of Suzanne Grenlaw of Falkrik, Scotland.
  199. ^"List of Scottish Name Variants".www.scribd.com.ScotsFind LLC. 2008.Greenlaw, Grenelaw, Greynlaw, Grinlay, Grinlaw, Grenle, Grenlie, Grinla, Grinlie, Grinlli.
  200. ^"Greenlees Grinlay".FamilySearch.org.John Greenlees Grinlay, 1535–1593, of Fife, Scotland. Name Meaning, English: see Grindley.
  201. ^abElven, John Peter (1882).The book of family crests: comprising nearly every family bearing, properly blazoned and explained... with the surnames of the bearers, alphabetically arranged, a dictionary of mottos, an essay on the origin of arms, crests, etc., and a glossary of terms.Harold B. Lee Library. London: Reeves and Turner.
  202. ^abWashbourne, Henry (1861).The Book of mottos, borne by nobility and gentry, public companies, cities, etc.Fraser and Crawford.
  203. ^"www.scotclans.com".
  204. ^abcdDonaldson, Gordon (1949).Publications of the Scottish History Society. Third Series, Volume 17. Accounts of the Collectors of Thirds of Benefices 1561 - 1572(PDF).Edinburgh: T. and A. Constable Ltd. p. 27.Prebend of Corstorphin called Half Dalmahoy and Half Haltoune, pertaining to Sir John Grenelay, £13,6s.8d.
  205. ^Transcription of the Ragman Rolls.Edinburgh:The Bannatyne Club.1834.William de Grenlawe del Counte de Edeneburgh; Matheu de Grenlawe fiz William de Grenlawe del Counte de Berewyk
  206. ^abA. Hanna, Charles (1902).The Scotch-Irish; or, The Scot in North Britain, north Ireland, and North America.Vol. 2. G P Putnem's Sons. p. 225.
  207. ^"Ragman Rolls of 1296 and 1291".www.electricscotland.com.
  208. ^C. H. Harvey, Charles (1930).Calendar of Writs preserved at Yester House, 1166-1625(PDF).Edinburgh: J. Skinner & Company Ltd.
  209. ^Foster, Joseph (1882).Collectanea Genealogica: Members of Parliament of Scotland, including the minor Barons, Commissioners for the Shires, and Commissioners for the Burghs. 1357-1882(PDF)(2nd ed.). Privately printed. p. 163.Greenlaw. George (Girnelaw) 1464, 1467; (? Haddington) 1468, when elected an auditor of complaint 1472 (Girnelaw) 1473 (no burgh named). John (Girnelaw) 1466, when elected an auditor of complaint, 1467 (no [burgh named).
  210. ^R Stodart, R (1881).Scottish Arms. Being a collection of armorial bearings, A.D. 1370-1678, reproduced in facsimile from contemporary manuscripts, with heraldic and genealogical notes.Vol. 2. Edinburgh: William Paterson.The surname is taken from Greenlaw, co. Berwick. William de Grenlaw, c. 1190; Roland de Grenelawe entered into an agreement, c. 1200, with the Abbot of Kelso, as to the church of Greenlaw, and, in 1208, was atria Regis at Selkirk. In 1296 William de Grenlawe, and Matthew his son, swore fealty to Edward I. George of Greenlaw sat in parliament 1464-73.
  211. ^Goodare, Julian (1989)."Parliamentary Taxation in Scotland, 1560-1603".The Scottish Historical Review.68(185). Edinburgh University Press: 23–52.JSTOR25530389– via JSTOR.
  212. ^"Scottish History Society Publications - Accounts of the collectors of thirds of benefices, 1561-1572".National Library of Scotland.2016.
  213. ^"The Battle of Bothwell Bridge".Historic Environment Scotland.
  214. ^abcdeThe Book of the Old Edinburgh Club(PDF).Vol. 2nd. Edinburgh: T. and A. Constable. 1909. p. 99.Wm. [William] Grindlay in Monkland
  215. ^abA cloud of witnesses, for the royal prerogatives of Jesus Christ.1714. p. 274.Out of the Monklands, William Grinlaw
  216. ^ab"Orchardfield Estate. The property of George Grindlay's Trust".National Library of Scotland (Estate Maps of Scotland, 1730s - 1950s).The portion of the Grindlay family's Orchardfield Estate put into the George Grindlay Trust following his death.
  217. ^"www.bellrock.org.uk".Bellrock Lighthouse.Mr Thomas Grindlay, master of the Trinity-house of Leith
  218. ^Foul Burn Agitation!: Statement Explaining the Nature and History of the Agricultural Irrigation near Edinburgh.John Lindsey & Co. 1840. p. 34.Villas inRestalriginhabited by persons of respectability. In Restalrig, or immediately adjacent to the village, there have at all times existed villas, or ornamental houses or mansions, of considerable value. One of these styled Marionville, is an elegant villa with a garden extending into the meadow ground...It passed to several respectable persons. Captain Thomas Grindlay purchased it in 1796 for L.1200.
  219. ^abcMcCrae, Morrice (2010).Simpson: The Turbulent Life of a Medical Pioneer.John Donald, Edinburgh.ISBN9780857900623.1. Walter Grindlay, cousin of James Young Simpson (Grandson of Isabella Grindlay). 2. Lady Janet Grindlay staying with family in Fife. 3. The extended Grindlay Simpson family. 4. The Grangemouth and Liverpool based operations of Walter Grindlay.
  220. ^"The History of Anaesthesia Society Proceedings: Volume 44"(PDF).2011. p. 144.
  221. ^"Supplement to the London Gazette"(PDF).London Gazette(29632): 6182. 22 June 1916.Despatch No. IV.John Maxwell (British Army officer).Army Medical Service and Royal Army Medical Corps. No 43124 Qrmr.-Serjt. A. B. Grindlay.
  222. ^"Medal card of Grindlay, Alexander B Corps: Royal Army Medical Corps Regiment".The National Archives.
  223. ^"Sir James Gunn (1893-1964) oil on canvas - portrait of a gentleman, Mr Edward Grindlay".www.reemandansie.com.2021.Retrieved17 April2022.Sir James Gunn and Edward 'Teddy' Grindlay met in 1917 when they joined the 10th Scottish Rifles, becoming life long friends and Grindlay, Gunn's patron.
  224. ^The Monthly Army List.London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1915. p. 148.4th Battalion, The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles). The undermentioned to be 2nd Lts. (on prob.) (Gaz. 1 July.) Dated 1 July 1915: Edward Grindlay
  225. ^Kay, John (1838).A Series of Original Portraits and Caricature Etchings, Volume 2, Part 1.H. Paton, Carver & Gilder. pp. 76–78.
  226. ^"Portrait of 'Mr. Grinley of Leith'".The British Museum.He is William Grinly, an auctioneer, quartermaster of the Leith Volunteers, embodied in 1795. He was vain of his appearance and was called the Spread Eagle from his rotundity and a strange manner of throwing out his legs and arms in walking. For the Scottish Volunteers.
  227. ^Lathrop, Alan K (2018).A Surgeon with Stilwell: Dr. John H. Grindlay and Combat Medicine in the China-Burma-India Theater of World War II.McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers.ISBN9781476673509.
  228. ^Lathrop, Alan."Dateline: Burma".Dartmouth Medicine.
  229. ^"Isa Grindlay Jackson (1884 - 1981)".Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory (CWRC).
  230. ^"Isa Grindlay Jackson".www.boxofpoems.com.
  231. ^Extract from Executive Council Chamber, Victoria - Vancouver Election Commissioner.1923.
  232. ^"Thomas Maltby Grindley".www.findagrave.com.B. 8 Nov 1864 Isle of Man; D. 20 Oct 1929 (aged 64) Vancouver.
  233. ^The archbishops: William Warham to Edmund Grindal. The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: Volume 12.Canterbury: W Bristow (BHO: British History Online). 1801. pp. 438–462.Archbishop Grindal bore for his arms, granted to him by Dethic, garter king at arms, quarterly, or, and azure, a cross, or, and ermine, in each quarter a dove, or, and azure, counter changed of the field.
  234. ^abcdRobson, Thomas (1830).The British Herald or Cabinet of Armorial Bearings of the Nobility and Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland.Turner & Marwood.
  235. ^abWyat, John (1710).The History of the Life and Acts of Edmund Grindal.London. p. 35.
  236. ^Parker, John William Robinson (1905).A Calendar of the Lancashire Assize Rolls Preserved in the Public Record.Record Society for the Publication of Original Documents Relating to Lancashire and Cheshire.
  237. ^Vincent, John A. C. (1893).Lancashire Lay Subsidies (1216-1307).Record Society for the Publication of Original Documents Relating to Lancashire and Cheshire. p. 284.
  238. ^The Battle Abbley Roll.London: William and Sons. 1889.Greile, or Greilly, as Leland spells it, from Gresille, Anjou. "Albert Greslet, Baron of Manchester under Roger de Poitou, occurs in Domesday (270). The name was often written Gredley, Gridley, and Gresley, but was altogether different from that of Gresley" (see Toesni)
  239. ^Farrer, William (1901).The Barony of Grelley: The Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire(PDF).Liverpool Public Library.
  240. ^Remains Historical & Literary connected with the Palatine Counties of Lancaster and Chester(PDF).Manchester: The Chetham Society. 1872. p. 131.
  241. ^Collections for a history of Staffordshire: Staffordshire Record Society.Birmingham, England: Houghton and Hammond. 1894. p. 85.
  242. ^Browne, William (1958).A Dictionary of English Surnames.Routledge.
  243. ^"Page:The Ancestor Number 1.djvu/259".Wikisource.
  244. ^Blakeley, Allen."A Short History of Blackley".Blakeley ONS Gazette in 2002.
  245. ^André, Davy (2009).Les barons du Cotentin.Eurocibles.
  246. ^Hibbert, Samuel (1848).History of the foundations in Manchester of Christ's College.
  247. ^Reilly, John (1859).The people's history of Manchester.John Heywood.
  248. ^"www.aboutmanchester.com".
  249. ^"www.manchestercathedral.org".Archived fromthe originalon 16 April 2016.Retrieved18 May2019.
  250. ^abButterworth, James (1886).The annals of Manchester: a chronological record from the earliest times to the end of 1885: Manchester Historical Recorder.J. Bradshaw.
  251. ^abMadan, Falconer (1899).The Gresleys of Drakelowe: An Account of the Family, and Notes of Its Connexions by Marriage and Descent from the Norman Conquest to the Present Day with Appendixes, Pedigrees and Illustrations.Oxford University Press.
  252. ^Seary, E. R. (1977).Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland.McGill Queen University Press.ISBN9780773567412.
  253. ^Tait, James (1904).Mediaeval Manchester and the Beginnings of Lancashire.Manchester University Press. pp. 120–123.
  254. ^Whatton, William Robert (1824).Observations on the Armorial Bearings of the town of Manchester and on the Decent of the Baronial Family of Grelley.Manchester: Robinson and Bent.
  255. ^Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1909).A Complete Guide to Heraldry.TC & EC Jack.
  256. ^abMacVeigh, James (1883).Royal Book of Crests of Great Britain, Ireland and dominion of Canada, India and Australia.Legislative Library of Ontario.
  257. ^Fairbain, James (1911).Fairbain's Crests of the leading families in Great Britain and Ireland and their kindred in other lands.Heraldic Publishing Company.ISBN9780343430832.
  258. ^Wagner, Sir Anthony (1991).Dictionary of British Arms - Medieval Ordinary Vol.I(PDF).The Society of Antiquaries of London. p. 379.William de Grenleye
  259. ^Charles Fox-Davies, Arthur (1909). "Chapter 7".A Complete Guide to Heraldry.London: T. C. & E. C. Jack. p. 70.With regard to the other metal, silver, or, as it is always termed, "argent," the same variation is found in the usage of silver and white in representing argent that we find in yellow and gold, though we find that the use of the actual metal (silver) in emblazonment does not occur to anything like the same extent as does the use of gold. Probably this is due to the practical difficulty that no one has yet discovered a silver medium which does not lose its colour. The use of aluminium was thought to have solved the difficulty, but even this loses its brilliancy, and probably its usage will never be universally adopted.
  260. ^"Fife Place-Name Data - Kinninmonth".Glasgow University Website.
  261. ^"Kinninmont".MyClan (www.myclan.com).Archived fromthe originalon 22 May 2006.Retrieved20 December2008.
  262. ^Fretton, William George (1878).The Forest Of Arden.The Old Cross. pp. 97–105.
  263. ^Bosworth, Joseph (1858).An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary.Oxford University Press.SeeAn Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
  264. ^Hall, John R. Clark (1916).A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary(Second ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press: The Macmillan Company.
  265. ^James Lees-Milnein the 18th edition ofBurke's Peerage/Burke's Landed Gentry,volume 1.
  266. ^Way, George and Squire, Romily. (1994).Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia.(Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, TheStanding Council of Scottish Chiefs). pp. 334 - 335.
  267. ^Sir Bernard Burke:A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Colonial Gentry:Vol.I:Wentworth of Vaucluse:pp.95-97
  268. ^'Hemlingford hundred: Introduction', in A History of the County of Warwick: Volume 4, Hemlingford Hundred.His Majesty's Stationery Office (BHO: British History Online). 1947.At the time of the Domesday Survey this hundred was known as 'Coleshelle' Hundred and its meeting-place was at Coleshill; it is first called by its present name of Hemlingford Hundred in the Pipe Roll of 8 Henry II (1161–2)
  269. ^"The Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England (PASE)".King’s College London; University of Cambridge; University of Oxford.Aski 'of Edgbaston'
  270. ^"1066 - Great Domesday".The Great Survey of England by William the Conqueror, A.D 1086.The fiefs of the Count of Meulan and Thorkil of Warwick, which share several tenants and predecessors and include a high proportion of English survivors.
  271. ^Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 1, 1509-1514. Appendix: Commissions of the Peace and Miscellaneous.London: His Majesty's Stationery Office (BHO: British History Online). 1920. pp. 1533–1557.John Ernley (Greneley, Erneley)
  272. ^"Shropshire Archives - The Halston Estate".The National Archives.William Grindley of Whittington, Shropshire holder of lands in Babies Wood (now Babbinswood) and Tymawr.
  273. ^Index to the Captains Registers of Lloyd's of London(PDF).London Metropolitan Archives.1. Richard Walter Grindlay (1840). 2. Emmanuel Ernest Grindlay (Liverpool 1845).
  274. ^Ducatus Lancastriae: Calendar to pleadings, depositions in the reigns of Henr. VII., Henr. VIII., Ed. VI., Queen Mary, and Philip and Mary and to the pleadings of the first thirteen years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth · Volume 3.Record Commission. 1827. p. 209.
  275. ^abA History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 4.London: Victoria County History (BHO: British History Online). 1911. pp. 275–279.Greenlow, or Grindlow, Marsh or Cross appears to have been the land called Withacre or Whitacre.
  276. ^Carey, John (1798).Cary's New Itinerary: Or, An Accurate Delineation of the Great Roads, Both Direct and Cross, Throughout England and Wales; with Many of the Principal Roads in Scotland.London: Privately Printed.
  277. ^Kearsley, George (1801).Kearsley's traveller's entertaining guide through Great Britain; or, A description of the principal cross-roads.London. p. 99.
  278. ^Harper, Charles George (1907).he Manchester and Glasgow Road: This Way to Gretna Green - Vol. I. London to Manchester(PDF).London: Chapman and Hall Ltd. p. 352.
  279. ^Branagh-Miscampbell, Maxine (2024)."The Grindlay Bequest: Acquisitions and childhood reading practices at the Royal High School, Edinburgh, 1770–1830".Library & Information History.40(2). Edinburgh University Press: 81–162.eISSN1758-3497.ISSN1758-3489.
  280. ^"They came by the 'Grindlay' as Self-funded and as Bounty Immigrants in 1841".In Victoria before 1848.
  281. ^"Passengers in History: An initiative of the South Australian Maritime Museum".Passengers in History.21 January 2016.
  282. ^Tao, Kim (2017)."Meeting the descendants from a disaster at sea".Australian National Maritime Museum.
  283. ^Blantyre, Eve (1896).Sir James Young Simpson.Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier.
  284. ^"www.chesterwiki.com/Hoole".Chesterwiki.
  285. ^Gifford, McWilliam, Walker and Wilson (1984).The Buildings of Scotland: Edinburgh.Penguin Books.ISBN9780140710687.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  286. ^Winder, F A (1899).Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society: Further Notes on the Winders of Lorton - Pedigree of Grindal of St Bees, Cumberland. (Archaeological Data Service Archive - ADS Archive)(PDF).Vol. 15. Highgate, Kendal: T. Wilson. pp. 229–238.
  287. ^Arthur Shaw, William (1970).A Complete Record from the Earliest Time to the Present Day of the Knights of All the Orders of Chivalry in England, Scotland, and Ireland, and of Knights Bachelors. Incorporating a Complete List of Knights Bachelors Dubbed in Ireland. Volume 1.Genealogical Publishing Company. pp. 101, 217.ISBN9780806304434.
  288. ^"Sir Richard Grindall".Threedecks.org.
  289. ^"Stone with coat of arms of Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury".Lakesguides.co.uk.
  290. ^"No. 40381".The London Gazette.11 January 1955. p. 239.
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