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Gumla district

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, seeGumla.
Gumla district
District
Bottom: Fields in Gumla district
CountryIndia
StateJharkhand
Administrative DivisionSouth Chotanagpur division
HeadquartersGumla
Government
• District CommissionerKarn Satyarthi,IAS
Area
• Total5,327 km2(2,057 sq mi)
Population
(2011)
• Total1,025,213
• Density193/km2(500/sq mi)
Languages
• OfficialHindi,Sadri,Kurukh,kharia
Time zoneUTC+5:30(IST)
ISO 3166 codeIN-JH
Vehicle registrationJH 07
Lok SabhaLohardaga(shared withLohardaga district)
Websitegumla.nic.in

Gumla districtis one of the twenty-four districts ofJharkhandstate,India, andGumlatown is the administrative headquarters of this district.

Etymology

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For centuries, the place was a meeting center for people from the hinterland who flocked here to exchange goods using the barter system and the place was calledGaw-Mela.Gumla is believed to derive its name fromGaw-Mela,which consists of two words ofHindi(also used in several localdialects), namely,Gaw(cows and the cattle) andMela,that is, a fair. The place became known asGaw-mela,and then the word transformed itself into Gumla.[1]

Politics

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This section istranscludedfrom5th Jharkhand Assembly.(edit|history)
District No. Constituency Name Party Alliance Remarks
Gumla 67 Sisai Jiga Susaran Horo Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)
68 Gumla Bhushan Tirkey Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)
69 Bishunpur Chamra Linda Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)

Administration

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District Commissioner: Sushant Gaurav (IAS)

Administrative Units

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Sub Divisions

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There are 3 subdivisions in gumla district:

  1. Gumla
  1. Chainpur

Blocks/Anchals

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Gumla district consists of 12 Blocks. The following are the list of the Blocks in Gumla district:

  1. Basia block
  2. Bharno block
  3. Bishunpur block
  4. Chainpur block
  5. Dumri block
  6. Ghaghra block
  7. Gumla block
  8. Kamdara block
  9. Palkot block
  10. Albert Ekka (Jari) block
  11. Raidih block
  12. Sisai block

Panchayats

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There are 159 Panchayats in the district.

Villages

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There are 952 Villages in the District.

History

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During regin of theNagvanshi dynastyNavratangarhwas one of the capital of Nagvanshi.[2][3]

Navratangarh fort

During British rule Gumla was underLohardagadistrict. In 1843 it was brought underBishunpurprovince that was further namedRanchi.In fact Ranchi district came into existence in 1899. In 1902 Gumla became Sub-division under Ranchi district. On 18 May 1983 Gumla District came into existence.Sri Jagannath Mishrathen rulingChief MinisterofBiharinaugurated it and Sri Dwarika Nath Sinha acquired the post of first deputy commissioner of the newly created district.

Gumla is considered to be the birthplace of the Hindu GodHanuman.A temple a few kilometers away from the city off the Gumla-Ghaghraroad is dedicated to him and his mother. The district contains mountains named Risyamook, which are mentioned in theRamayana.

The district is currently a part of theRed Corridor.[4]

Geography

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Gumla is located at23°00′N84°30′E/ 23°N 84.50°E/23; 84.50.Geographically, Gumla is located on southern part of theChota Nagpur plateauwhich forms the eastern edge of the Deccan plateau system.

There are three major rivers, which flow through the Gumla district viz. theSouth Koel,theNorth Koeland theSankh.There are various streams/ tributaries to the main rivers on which there are some picturesque waterfalls, as for exampleSadni Falls.

The terrain is highly undulating and there are existence of many rivers and streams. The forest cover of the district is 1.35 lakh hectares out of the total 5.21 lakh hectares of land i.e. round 27% of the total area of the district.

Climate

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Gumla district enjoys a good climate characterized by a pleasant cold and temperate weather conditions. Gumla has asub-tropicalclimate. Temperature ranges from maximum 40 to 20 °C during summer, and minimum 21 to 3 °C during winter. The annual rainfall is about 1450 mm. From June to September the rainfall level is about 1,150 mm.

Economy

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Gumla district has richnaturalandmineralresources. There are 23bauxiteminesand 68 stone mines in Gumla district. Besides these there is good number of brick makers. In Gumla District the important minerals like bauxite andlaterite(aluminiumore) are found in villages of Amkipani, Langdatanr, Chirodih, Jalim, Narma, Bahagara and Gurdari of Bishunpur block, Langatanr, Lupungpat and Chota-Agiatu in Chainpur block and Harup, Serengdag and Jalim in Ghaghra block. Beside these china clay is also found in some part of the district. Other mining activities like stone crusher, Brick kiln and stone chip mining lease are also available in different part of the district.

In 2006 the Indian government named Gumla one of the country's 250most backward districts(out of a total of640).[5]It is one of the 21 districts in Jharkhand currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[5]

Demographics

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Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901269,183—
1911314,439+1.57%
1921302,516−0.39%
1931355,262+1.62%
1941379,804+0.67%
1951421,922+1.06%
1961484,924+1.40%
1971557,041+1.40%
1981613,331+0.97%
1991707,555+1.44%
2001832,447+1.64%
20111,025,213+2.10%
source:[6]
Religions in Gumla district (2011)[7]
Religion Percent
Sarna
 
 44.62%
Hinduism
 
 30.19%
Christianity
 
 19.75%
Islam
 
 5.02%
Others
 
 0.41%

According to the2011 censusGumla district has apopulationof 1,025,213,[8]roughly equal to the nation ofCyprus[9]or the US state ofMontana.[10]This gives it a ranking of 439rd in India (out of a total of640).[8]The district has a population density of 193 inhabitants per square kilometre (500/sq mi).[8]Itspopulation growth rateover the decade 2001-2011 was 23.21%.[8]Gumla has asex ratioof 993femalesfor every 1000 males[8]and aliteracy rateof 65.73%. 6.35% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 3.17% and 68.94% of the population respectively.[8]

Languages

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Languages of Gumla district (2011)[11]

Sadri(50.75%)
Kurukh(29.61%)
Hindi(7.00%)
Mundari(4.69%)
Kharia(3.73%)
Urdu(2.31%)
Others (1.91%)

At the time of the2011 Census of India,50.75% of the population in the district spokeSadri,29.61%Kurukh,7%Hindi,4.69%Mundari,3.73%Khariaand 2.31%Urduas their first language.[11]

Education

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In 1986,Rakesh Popliand his wife, Rama (an expert in childhood education), founded the firstEkal Vidyalaya(one-teacher) schools to bring education to the tribes of the region.[12] From 2018, Deptt. of Higher and Technical Education, Govt. of Jharkhand is going to start Polytechnic College "Gumla Polytechnic".The Polytechnic college will be run and manage under "PPP" Mode by Gumla Educational Foundation.

Three colleges under Ranchi University:

  • Kartik Oraon College
  • Karunavati Devi Memorial College
  • Women's College

Technical Institute

  • Gumla Polytechnic
  • IIST Computer Institute
  • Media INFOTECH
  • Wings IT

Schools in Gumla:

  • Adarsh Vidya Mandir School, Pugu
  • Chanchal Cygnus School, Dumerdih
  • D.A.V. Public School, Neemtoli
  • Don Bosco School, Bhamni
  • Kendriya Vidyalaya Gumla
  • Notre Dame School
  • Oxford Public School
  • S.S. High School
  • Saraswati Shishu-Vidya Mandir
  • Solitaire Educational Academy
  • St. Patrick School
  • St. Stephen's School
  • Ursuline Convent School
  • Wescott Public School
  • Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Masaria Dam

St. Ignatius School, founded in 1935 and administered by the Jesuits, has produced international-levelhockeyplayers.

Culture

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Gumla has a rich culture. The majority of people speakNagpuriandHindi.

  • Karma- A holy festival celebrated by the people in almost all places of this district.
  • Sarhul- A festival celebrated by the people and Jhankis and Rallies were organised around the main town Gumla. Ladies put flowers (Gulaichi Flower) on their hair and gents put it on their ears.
  • Ramnavami- A holy festival celebrated with huge sound, and Jhankies and Rallies.

Tourist attractions

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  • Palkot Fort- Palkot Fort is a historic place which was one of the capital of theNagvanshi dynasty.It is located in Palkot block of the district.[13]
  • Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Anjan - Small village about 18 km (11 mi) away from Gumla. The name of the village has been derived from the name of goddess Anjani, mother ofHanuman.Many objects of archeological importance obtained from this place have been placed atPatna Museum.It is believed to be the birthplace of LordHanuman.
  • Hapamuni - The ancient village Mahamayatemplethat is the identity of this village. Hapamuni Mahamaya temple traces its origin to 11th century. It also has some ancient rock sculpture in front of temple dating to that period. Moreover, with the arrival of Hapamuni agro tech, the village economy has reached new dimensions.[14]
  • Nagfeni- It is known for theJagannathtemple and there is a big rock in the shape of snake 'Nag'.
  • Navratangarh- It was the seat of old Nagvanshi kings located in Sisai block of the district.[15]
  • Tanginath - Tanginath Dham is located in Gumla's Dumri block. Several devotees during the month of Shravan come to shrine which goes back to seventh or ninth Century AD.[16][17]

References

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  1. ^"About District | Gumla | India".Retrieved2020-05-03.
  2. ^"Giant new chapter for Nagpuri poetry".www.telegraphindia.com.
  3. ^"The Nagbanshis And The Cheros".archive.org.
  4. ^"83 districts under the Security Related Expenditure Scheme".IntelliBriefs. 2009-12-11. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-10-27.Retrieved2011-09-17.
  5. ^abMinistry of Panchayati Raj (September 8, 2009)."A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme"(PDF).National Institute of Rural Development. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on April 5, 2012.RetrievedSeptember 27,2011.
  6. ^"Table A-02 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901: Jharkhand"(PDF).census.gov.in.Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  7. ^"Table C-01 Population By Religion: Jharkhand".census.gov.in.Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  8. ^abcdef"District Census Handbook: Gumla"(PDF).censusindia.gov.in.Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.2011.
  9. ^US Directorate of Intelligence."Country Comparison:Population".Archived fromthe originalon June 13, 2007.Retrieved2011-10-01.Cyprus 1,120,489 July 2011 est.
  10. ^"2010 Resident Population Data".U. S. Census Bureau. Archived fromthe originalon 2010-12-27.Retrieved2011-09-30.Montana 989,415
  11. ^ab"Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Jharkhand".censusindia.gov.in.Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  12. ^"Dr. Rakesh Popli, Nuclear Scientist & one of Ekal's Visionaries, passed away on September 15, 2007".Newsletter October 2007.Ekal Vidyalaya Foundation. Archived fromthe originalon 14 July 2014.Retrieved22 March2012.
  13. ^"Palkot fort among five heritage sites identified".timesofindia.Retrieved3 September2019.
  14. ^"1100 साल पुराने इतिहास को समेटे बैठा है हापामुनी का 'महामाया मंदिर', कोल विद्रोह का रहा है गवाह".prabhatkhabar.Retrieved3 September2019.
  15. ^"IN PICS: गुमला में नागफेनी की अद्भुत प्राकृतिक छटा का लें मजा".prabhatkhabar.Retrieved3 September2019.
  16. ^"'Tanginath Dham developing into tourist attraction'".dailypioneer.Retrieved3 September2019.
  17. ^"गुमला: प्राचीन धरोहर टांगीनाथ धाम की कलाकृतियां व नक्कासी बयां करती हैं देवकाल की कहानी".prabhatkhabar.Retrieved3 September2019.
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