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Gunma Prefecture

Coordinates:36°23′N139°04′E/ 36.39°N 139.06°E/36.39; 139.06
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"Gunma" and "JP-10" redirect here. For other uses, seeGunma (disambiguation).For fuel, seeJP-10 (fuel).
Gunma Prefecture
Quần mã huyện
Prefecture
Japanese transcription(s)
•JapaneseQuần mã huyện
•RōmajiGunma-ken
Mount Tanigawaandits cable car line
Winter view of Mount Haruna and Lake
Oze National Park
A highlande vegetable in TsumagoiandMount Asama
A herritage site of Tomioka Silk Mill
Takasaki Daruma
Mount AsamaandMount Akagi
Kusatsu Spa
Flag of Gunma Prefecture
Flag
Official logo of Gunma Prefecture
Symbol
Anthem:Gunma-ken no uta[ja]
Location of Gunma Prefecture
Coordinates:36°23′N139°04′E/ 36.39°N 139.06°E/36.39; 139.06
CountryJapan
RegionKantō
IslandHonshu
CapitalMaebashi
Largest cityTakasaki
SubdivisionsDistricts:7,Municipalities:35
Government
•GovernorIchita Yamamoto
Area
• Total6,362.28 km2(2,456.49 sq mi)
• Rank21st
Population
(October 1, 2019)
• Total1,937,626
• Rank18th
• Density300/km2(790/sq mi)
• Dialect
Gunma dialect
GDP
[1]
• TotalJP¥9,308 billion
US$85.4 billion (2019)
ISO 3166 codeJP-10
Websitewww.pref.gunma.jp
Symbols of Japan
BirdCopper pheasant (Phasianus soemmerringii)
FishSweetfish(Plecoglossus altivelis)
FlowerJapanese azalea (Rhododendron japonicum)
TreeJapanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii)
Ono Lake, Jizō-dake

Gunma Prefecture(Quần mã huyện,Gunma-ken)is a landlockedprefectureofJapanlocated in theKantō regionofHonshu.[2]Gunma Prefecture has a population of 1,937,626 (1 October 2019) and has a geographic area of 6,362km2(2,456sq mi). Gunma Prefecture bordersNiigata PrefectureandFukushima Prefectureto the north,Nagano Prefectureto the southwest,Saitama Prefectureto the south, andTochigi Prefectureto the east.

Maebashiis the capital andTakasakiis the largest city of Gunma Prefecture, with other major cities includingŌta,Isesaki,andKiryū.[3]Gunma Prefecture is one of only eightlandlockedprefectures, located on the northwestern corner of theKantō Plainwith 14% of its total land being designated asnatural parks.

History

[edit]
See also:Historic Sites of Gunma Prefecture

The ancient province of Gunma was a center of horse breeding and trading activities for the newly immigrated continental peoples (orToraijin). The arrival of horses and the remains of horse tackle coincides with the arrival of a large migration from the mainland. From this point forward, the horse became a vital part of Japanese military maneuvers, quickly displacing the older Yayoi tradition of fighting on foot.[citation needed]

WhenMount Harunaerupted in the late 6th century, Japan was still in the pre-historical phase (prior to the importation of the Chinese writing system during the Nara period). The Gunma Prefectural archaeology unit in 1994 was able to date the eruption through zoological anthropology at the corral sites that were buried in ash.[citation needed]

In the past, Gunma was joined withTochigi Prefectureand calledKenu Province.This was later divided intoKami-tsu-ke(Upper Kenu, Gunma) andShimo-tsu-ke(Lower Kenu, Tochigi). The area is sometimes referred to as Jomo ( thượng mao,Jōmō). For most of Japanese history, Gunma was known as the province ofKozuke.[4]

In the early period of contact between western nations and Japan, particularly the late Tokugawa, it was referred to by foreigners as the "Joushu States", inside (fudai, or loyalist) Tokugawa retainers and the Tokugawa family symbol is widely seen on public buildings, temples, and shrines.[citation needed]

TheTenmei eruptionofMount Asamaoccurred in 1783, causing enormous damage.[5][6]

The first modern silk factories were built with Italian and French assistance at Annaka in the 1870s.

In the early Meiji period, in what was locally called the Gunma Incident of 1884, a bloody struggle between the idealistic democratic westernizers and the conservative Prussian-model nationalists took place in Gunma and neighboring Nagano. The modern Japanese army gunned down farmers with new repeating rifles built in Japan. The farmers in Gunma were said to be the first victims of theMurata rifle.[citation needed]

In the twentieth century, the Japanese aviation pioneer Nakajima Chikushi of Oizumi, Gunma Prefecture, founded theNakajima Aircraft Company.At first, he produced mostly licensed models of foreign designs, but beginning with the all-JapaneseNakajima 91fighter plane in 1931, his company became a world leader in aeronautical design and manufacture, with its headquarters at Ota, Gunma Ken. The factory now producesSubarumotorcars and other products under the name ofSubarunée Fuji Heavy Industries.[7]

In the 1930s, German architectBruno Julius Florian Tautlived and conducted research for a while in Takasaki.[8]

TheGirard incident,which disturbed US-Japanese relations in the 1950s, occurred in Gunma in 1957, atSōmagahara Base[ja]nearShibukawa.

Four modern prime ministers are from Gunma, namely,Takeo Fukuda,Yasuhiro Nakasone,Keizo Obuchi,andYasuo Fukuda,the son of Takeo.

Geography

[edit]
Map of Gunma Prefecture
CityTownVillage
Maebashi
Takasaki
Ōta
Kiryū

One of only eight landlocked prefectures in Japan, Gunma is the northwesternmost prefecture of the Kantō plain. Except for the central and southeast areas, where most of the population is concentrated, it is mostly mountainous. To the north areNiigataandFukushimaprefectures, while to the east liesTochigi Prefecture.To the west lies theNagano Prefecture,and theSaitama Prefectureis to the south.

Some of the major mountains in Gunma areMount Akagi,Mount Haruna,Mount Myōgi,Mount Nikkō-ShiraneandMount Asama,which is located on the Nagano border. Major rivers include theTone River,theAgatsuma River,and theKarasu River.

As of 1 April 2012, 14% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated asNatural Parks,namelyJōshin'etsu-kōgen,Nikkō,andOzeNational Parks andMyōgi-Arafune-Saku Kōgen Quasi-National Park.[9]

Cities

[edit]
See also:List of cities in Gunma Prefecture by population

Twelve cities are located in Gunma Prefecture:

Towns and villages

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These are the towns and villages in eachdistrict:

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
19201,052,610—
19251,118,858+1.23%
19301,186,080+1.17%
19351,242,453+0.93%
19401,299,027+0.89%
19451,546,081+3.54%
19501,601,380+0.71%
19551,613,549+0.15%
19601,578,476−0.44%
19651,605,584+0.34%
19701,658,909+0.66%
19751,756,480+1.15%
19801,848,562+1.03%
19851,921,259+0.77%
19901,966,265+0.46%
19952,003,540+0.38%
20002,024,852+0.21%
20052,023,996−0.01%
20102,008,068−0.16%
20151,973,115−0.35%
20201,939,110−0.35%
Source: Censuses[10]

Mergers

[edit]
Main article:List of mergers in Gunma Prefecture

Climate

[edit]
Mount Nakanodake viewed from Mount Shibutsu

Because Gunma is situated in inland Japan, the difference in temperature in the summer compared to the winter is large, and there is less precipitation. This is because of thekarakkaze( "empty wind" ), a strong, dry wind that occurs in the winter when the snow falls on the coasts of Niigata. The wind carrying clouds with snow are obstructed by theEchigo Mountains,and it also snows there, although the high peaks do not let the wind go past them. For this reason, the wind changes into thekara-kaze.

  • Climate inMaebashi
    • Average yearly precipitation: 1,163 mm (approx. 45.8in)
    • Average yearly temperature: 14.2 degrees Celsius (approx. 57.6 degrees Fahrenheit)

Economy

[edit]
Gunma prefecture population pyramid in 2020

Gunma's modern industries include transport equipment and electrical equipment, concentrated aroundMaebashiand the eastern region nearestTokyo.More traditional industries includesericultureandagriculture.Gunma's major agricultural products includecabbagesandkonnyaku.Gunma produces over 90% of Japan's konnyaku, and two-thirds of the farms in the village ofTsumagoiare cabbage farms.[11]Also, the city ofŌtais famous for the car industry, notably theSubarufactory.

Culture

[edit]

There is alocal dialect,known in Japanese as 'gunma-ben' or 'jōshū-ben'.

Gunma has a traditional card game calledJomo Karuta(Thượng mao かるた).It features people, places, and things of regional and/or cultural importance.

Famous foods

[edit]

In 2007, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries held an event to find the top 100 best local dishes across all of Japan. Three dishes were featured from Gunma; yaki-manju,okkirikomi,andkonnyaku.[12]

Melody Roads

[edit]

As of 2018, Gunma is home to eleven of Japan's over thirtyMelody Roads.2,559 grooves cut into a 175-meter stretch of the road surface in transmit atactilevibrationthrough the wheels into thecar body.[13][14][15]The roads can be found in Katashina, Minakami, Takayama, Kanna, Ueno, Kusatsu, Tsumagoi, Nakanojo, Takasaki, Midori, and Maebashi. Each is of a differing length and plays a different song. Naganohara also used to be home to a Melody Road playing "Aj lučka, lučka široká",though the road in question was paved over in 2013 due to noise complaints.

Songs

[edit]
  • Kusatsu - "Kusatsu-Bushi"
  • Takayama - "When You Wish Upon a Star"
  • Tsumagoi - "Oh My Darling Clementine"
  • Nakanojo - "Always With Me" (Japanese title: いつも hà độ でも,itsumo nando demo) fromSpirited Awaywhen driven at 40 km/h
  • Katashina - "Memories of Summer"when driven over at 50 km/h

List of governors of Gunma Prefecture (1947–present)

[edit]
Governor Term start Term end
Shigeo Kitano( bắc dã trọng hùng ) 12 April 1947 25 June 1948
Yoshio Iyoku ( y năng phương hùng ) 10 August 1948 4 July 1952
Shigeo Kitano 2 August 1952 1 August 1956
Toshizo Takekoshi ( trúc yêu tuấn tàng ) 2 August 1956 1 August 1960
Konroku Kanda ( thần điền khôn lục ) 2 August 1960 1 August 1976
Ichiro Shimizu ( thanh thủy nhất lang ) 2 August 1976 12 June 1991
Hiroyuki Kodera ( tiểu tự hoằng chi ) 28 July 1991 27 July 2007
Masaaki Osawa( đại trạch chính minh ) 28 July 2007 27 July 2019
Ichita Yamamoto( sơn bổn nhất thái ) 28 July 2019 present

Education

[edit]

Universities

[edit]

Sports

[edit]
Shoda Shoyu Stadium Gunma,home ofThespakusatsu Gunma.

The sports teams listed below are based in Gunma.

Baseball

[edit]

Association football

[edit]

Rugby

[edit]

Basketball

[edit]

Gunma is also famous for its ski resorts in the mountains.

Gunma was the only prefecture in Japan to have all 4 legal types of gambling on races:horse,bicycle,autoandboat.This changed with the closing of the last horse race track in Takasaki in 2004.

Tourism

[edit]

Gunma has manyhot spring resortsand the most famous isKusatsu Onsen.Another draw to the mountainous Gunma is theskiresorts.

Other attractions include:

  • Kiryū Yagi-bushi Festival, held every year in early August.
    Kiryū Yagi-bushi Festival, held every year in early August.
  • A Tomioka Silk Mill, a World Heritage cultural property site.
    A Tomioka Silk Mill, a World Heritage cultural property site.
  • Daruma dolls at Shorinzan Daruma Temple in Takasaki
    Daruma dolls at Shorinzan Daruma Temple in Takasaki
  • Kenashi Pass on the border of Nagano Prefecture is famous on the internet
    Kenashi Pass on the border of Nagano Prefecture is famous on the internet

Transportation

[edit]

Rail

[edit]

Roads

[edit]

Expressways

[edit]

National highways

[edit]

Prefectural symbols

[edit]

The prefectural symbol consists of the firstkanjiof the word 'Gunma' surrounded by three stylized mountains symbolizing the three important mountains of Gunma Prefecture:Mount Haruna,Mount Akagi,andMount Myōgi.

For marketing, the Prefectural Government also usesGunma-chan,a smallsuper deformeddrawing of a horse character wearing a green cap. It is used on promotional posters, banners, and other notable printed materials from the Prefectural Government. Other agencies and companies formally or informally use variations of its likeness and other horse-shaped characters when making signs or notices for work on buildings, roads, and other public notices.

[edit]

There are various manga and anime that have based their settings in Gunma, such as:

InZom 100: Bucket List of the Dead,the main character Akira Tendo is from Gunma Prefecture.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^"2020 niên độ quốc dân kinh tế kế toán ( 2015 niên cơ chuẩn ・2008SNA ): Kinh tế xã hội tổng hợp nghiên cứu sở - nội các phủ".Nội các phủ ホームページ(in Japanese).Retrieved2023-05-18.
  2. ^Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Gumma-ken" inJapan Encyclopedia,p. 267,p. 267, atGoogle Books;"Kantō" inp. 479,p. 479, atGoogle Books.
  3. ^Nussbaum, "Maebashi" inp. 600,p. 600, atGoogle Books.
  4. ^Nussbaum, "Provinces and prefectures" inp. 470,p. 470, atGoogle Books.
  5. ^"Thiên minh 3 niên ( 1783 niên ) thiển gian sơn phún hỏa".www.ktr.mlit.go.jp(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on 2022-01-20.Retrieved2022-04-16.
  6. ^"Thiên minh thiển gian sơn phún hỏa とは".Kotobank(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on 2021-12-14.Retrieved2022-04-16.
  7. ^"FUJI HEAVY INDUSTRIES LTD. CHANGES COMPANY NAME TO SUBARU CORPORATION".March 31, 2017.Archivedfrom the original on April 15, 2023.RetrievedApril 15,2023.
  8. ^"Bruno Taut".Architectuul.Archivedfrom the original on 2023-03-18.Retrieved2023-03-18.
  9. ^"General overview of area figures for Natural Parks by prefecture"(PDF).Ministry of the Environment.1 April 2012.Archived(PDF)from the original on 21 April 2012.Retrieved3 December2013.
  10. ^"Statistics Bureau Home Page".www.stat.go.jp.
  11. ^"こんにゃくをめぐる sự tình"(PDF).Nông lâm thủy sản tỉnh の công thức HP.Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 27 December 2021.Retrieved8 June2022.
  12. ^"JAPAN'S TASTY SECRETS".Nông lâm thủy sản tỉnh の công thức HP.The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.Archivedfrom the original on 8 June 2022.Retrieved8 June2022.
  13. ^Johnson, Bobbie (13 November 2007)."Japan's melody roads play music as you drive".The Guardian.Farringdon Road,London,England:GMG.p. 19 (International section).Archivedfrom the original on 1 September 2013.Retrieved20 October2008.
  14. ^"Your car as a musical instrument – Melody Roads".Noise Addicts. 29 September 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 13 September 2018.Retrieved20 October2008.
  15. ^Archived atGhostarchiveand theWayback Machine:"Singing Roads – Take a Musical Trip in Japan".ITN.5 December 2007.Retrieved20 October2008.

References

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[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide forGunma.
Wikimedia Commons has media related toGunma prefecture.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunma_Prefecture&oldid=1248111537"