Gwynfor Evans

Gwynfor Evans
Evans in 1951
President ofPlaid Cymru
In office 1945–1981
Preceded by	Abi Williams
Succeeded by	Dafydd Wigley
Member of Parliament forCarmarthen
In office 15 July 1966 – 29 May 1970
Preceded by	Megan Lloyd George
Succeeded by	Gwynoro Jones
In office 10 October 1974 – 7 April 1979
Preceded by	Gwynoro Jones
Succeeded by	Roger Thomas
Personal details
Born	Gwynfor Richard Evans (1912-09-01)1 September 1912 Barry,Wales
Died	21 April 2005(2005-04-21)(aged 92) Pencarreg,Carmarthenshire,Wales
Political party	Plaid Cymru
Spouse	Rhiannon Prys Thomas ​ ​ (m.1941)​
Children	7
Relatives	Mabon ap Gwynfor(grandson)
Alma mater	University of Wales, Aberystwyth St John's College, Oxford

Gwynfor Richard Evans(1 September 1912 – 21 April 2005) was a Welsh politician, lawyer and author. He was President of theWelshpolitical partyPlaid Cymrufor thirty-six years and was the firstmember of Parliamentto represent it atWestminster,which he did twice, from 1966 to 1970, and again from 1974 to 1979.

On entering the House of Commons, he famously failed in his attempt to obtain permission to take the oath in theWelsh language.He was the first MP to attempt to do so, but the right to take the oath in any of the UK's native languages was not granted until 1974.His most notable achievement was his successful campaign for the creation of a Welsh-language television channel.

Early life

Gwynfor Evans was born inBarry,nearCardiff,to Dan Evans and Catherine Richard. He had a brother named Alcwyn, and a sister named Ceridwen. His father ran a chain of shops in Barry, and his mother a china shop. His mother was a fluent Welsh speaker. As a boy, he was educated at Gladstone Road School. Later on, he was educated at Barry County School, where he was captain of the school's cricket and hockey teams. The area was mostly English-speaking; at school, he began learning theWelsh languagebut did not become fully fluent until the age of seventeen.

Evans studied at theUniversity of Wales, Aberystwyth,and atSt John's College, Oxford,from where he qualified as a lawyer. During his time at St John's, he became a member of theDafydd ap Gwilymsociety there. He was also amarket gardener.He was a teenager when the Welsh nationalist partyPlaid Cymruwas founded in 1925, and he founded a branch of the party while he was at Oxford. He became the party's president in 1945 and retained the office until 1981.

Apacifist,he became active in Heddychwyr Cymru, a Welsh organisation closely associated with thePeace Pledge Union,serving as secretary and editor of a series of pamphlets throughout theSecond World War.A committed Christian also, he declared himself aconscientious objectorand was required to appear before a tribunal which, recognising the firmness of his beliefs, registered him unconditionally.

Evans is credited with keeping Plaid Cymru going through the lean years of the 1940s and 1950s. In the 1950s, he campaigned unsuccessfully for aWelsh parliament.He joined localsDafydd RobertsandElizabeth May Watkin Jonesin their protest against the closure and flooding of their villageCapel Celyn.This was because of the plan to dam theTrywerynRiver to supply the city ofLiverpoolwith water. This was acause célèbrein Wales in the early 1960s.

In 1962, Evans joinedWales West and North Television,in which he was one of the leading figures in the venture. It won theITVfranchise for western and northern Wales, but the venture failed because of financial difficulties, and the company was merged with another station,Television Wales and the West.

Electoral record

Local Government and first parliamentary contests

Evans speaking in Merioneth, during the1959 UK Election

Evans was elected toCarmarthenshireCounty Council in 1949, keeping his seat for the next 25 years, usually as the lone Plaid Cymru representative, acquiring the nickname "Evans dual carriageway" for his emphasis on improving transport links. In1973,following the abolition of Carmarthenshire County Council, Evans failed to be elected to the new Dyfed County Council.Evans contestedMerionethat the general elections of1945,1950,1955and1959,and the1954 Aberdare by-election.

1966 Carmarthen by-election

In 1964 Evans transferred his candidature to Carmarthen. On 14 July 1966, Evans won the parliamentary seat ofCarmarthenfromLabourin aby-electioncaused by the death of LadyMegan Lloyd George,daughter of the formerLiberalPrime Minister,David Lloyd George,having come third in thegeneral electionjust a few weeks before. He had also contested the seat at the1964 general election.His by-election victory is regarded as a seminal moment for Plaid Cymru. He was shown around the House of Commons by fellow pacifistEmrys Hughes,the son-in-law ofKeir Hardie;on pointing out the Welsh Labour table in the Commons' tea room, Hughes warned him, "You'd better not sit down there, your name's mud among that lot."

Later electoral record

In the1970 general electionEvans lost his Carmarthen seat toLabour'sGwynoro Jonesand failed to regain it in theFebruary 1974 general electionby only three votes. He regained the seat, with a majority of 3,640 votes, in theOctober 1974 general election,when he returned to Parliament accompanied by two other Plaid Cymru MPs,Dafydd WigleyandDafydd Elis Thomas.

Evans lost Carmarthen once more at the1979 general election,toRoger Thomas(also Labour). He was unsuccessful in the1983 general election,and did not contest any further elections.

Career as an MP

In theHouse of Commons,Evans was true to his pacifist principles in being one of the few MPs to oppose the British government's support of the Nigerian federal government with supplies of weapons in the civil war againstBiafra(1967–1970).He also opposed theVietnam War:after being denied entry to the country as part of an inspection group, he instead protested outside a US air base inThailand.

Evans was the first (and last) president of theCeltic League1961–71.Robert McIntyreof theSNPwas vice-president at the time.

Later life

In 1980, his threat to go onhunger strike,after theConservativegovernment reneged on its election promise of aWelsh languagetelevision channel, was instrumental in bringing about an early U-turn on the part ofMargaret Thatcher,andS4Cbegan broadcasting on 1 November 1982.

In his political retirement he became a prolific writer, mainly on Welsh subjects and writing in Welsh with simultaneous or later English editions. His workAros Mae(It Endures) (published 1971), a comprehensive history of Wales, and the English-language versionLand of my Fathers: 2000 Years of Welsh History(published 1974), had already become best-sellers.

Personal life

In 1941 Evans married Rhiannon Prys Thomas, who survived him by nine months, dying on 13 January 2006.They had seven children.Their daughter,Meinir,became a prominent Welsh-language activist and marriedFfred Ffransis.

Death

Evans died at his home inPencarregon 21 April 2005 at the age of 92.

Tributes

Gwynfor Evans memorial, on the approach to Garn Goch hillfort, nearLlandeilo

On his death the Welsh political establishment united in paying its respects to Gwynfor Evans:

• "Without Gwynfor Evans at the helm Plaid Cymru may not have survived to see electoral success in later years. His influence was felt beyond the confines of party politics. Wales would not be the nation it is today — perhaps would not be counted as a nation at all — if not for Gwynfor Evans."—Dafydd Iwan,President of Plaid Cymru.
• "Although his relationships with Labour MPs were not always positive, there is no gainsaying his massive contribution to Welsh public life, and particularly in raising the profile of Wales and Welsh issues throughout his long career in Welsh and British politics."–Rhodri Morgan,First Ministerof theWelsh Government(Labour).
• "Gwynfor Evans made a distinguished contribution to Welsh public life and will be remembered particularly for his advancement of the Welsh language."–Peter Hain,Secretary of State for Wales(Labour).
• "Wales has lost one of its most significant figures of modern times. Gwynfor Evans was a highly respected figure who made a major contribution to Welsh politics. His record on delivering Welsh language broadcasting for Wales is of particular importance."–Nick Bourne,Leader of theWelsh Conservative Party.
• "Gwynfor served his party well and was able to bring them into electoral success. He earned respect from across the political spectrum. His passing marks the end of a chapter in Welsh political history".–Mike German,Leader of theWelsh Liberal Democrats.
• A campaign was launched to build a permanent monument to Gwynfor Evans in Carmarthen.
• A campaign by local primary school teacher, Gwenno Hughes, to establish a permanent memorial to Evans, in the town of his birth, culminated in the unveiling of a bronze bust created by the sculptorJohn Meirion MorrisatBarryLibrary in 2010. The cost of the memorial was raised by the staff of the local schoolYsgol Gymraeg Sant Baruc.

Bibliography

• Aros Mae(1971) (English version:Land of my Fathers: 2000 Years of Welsh History(1974)ISBN0-903701-03-0)
• Byw neu farw?: y frwydr dros yr iaith a'r Sianel deledu gymraeg / Life or death?: the struggle for the language and a Welsh TV channel(1980ISBN0-905077-12-1,bilingual text)
• Diwedd Prydeindod(1981,ISBN0-86243-018-6)
• Autobiography:Bywyd Cymro(1982) (English version:For the Sake of Wales(1986)ISBN1-86057-021-6)
• The Fight for Welsh Freedom(2000,ISBN0-86243-515-3)
• Cymru o Hud(2001,ISBN0-86243-545-5) (English version:Eternal Wales(2001)ISBN0-86243-608-7)

See also

• Royal Commission on the Constitution (United Kingdom)

External links

• Hansard1803–2005:contributions in Parliament by Gwynfor Evans
• Gwynfor Evans Website – run by his family